An Introduction To Family Social Work

by Collins, Donald

• ISBN13: 9780495092247
• ISBN10: 049509224X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-07-06
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

SECTION I. 1. Field of Family Social Work. 2. The Family as a Social System. 3. Family Work Skills. SECTION II. ASSESSMENT. 4. Genograms & Developmental Perspective. 5. Understanding Diversity in the Assessment Process. 6. Risk and Strengths Assessment. 7. Measurement Instrument. SECTION III. INTERVENTION PHASE. 8. Problem Definition, Goal Setting and Contracting. 9. Intervention at the Meso and Macro Levels. 10. Intervention at the Family and Parental Level. 11. Focusing on Children. SECTION IV. EVALUATING YOUR WORK. 12. Evaluating Family Work. SECTION V. TERMINATION. 13. Termination.

Table of Contents

PREFACE	xviii
CHAPTER ONE The Field of Family Social Work	1	(40)
What Is Family Social Work?	2	(4)
Field of Family Social Work	4	(2)
Family Social Work and Family Therapy	6	(1)
Realities of Family Social Work Practice	7	(2)
The Family as a Special Group Form	8	(1)
What Is a Family?	9	(2)
Purposes of Families	11	(3)
Diversity and Families	14	(3)
Family Diversity Now and Beyond	17	(2)
Family of Orientation/Family of Origin	18	(1)
Family of Procreation	18	(1)
Extended Family	18	(1)
Blended Family	19	(1)
Adoptive Family	19	(1)
Foster Family	19	(1)
Single-Parent Family	19	(1)
Diverse Family Structures	19	(1)
A Definition of Family	20	(2)
Myths About the Family	22	(1)
Beliefs About Families	22	(4)
Belief I: Families Want to Be Healthy	23	(1)
Belief II: Families Want to Stay Together and Overcome Their Differences	23	(1)
Belief III: Parents Need Understanding and Support for the Challenges Involved in Keeping Relationships Satisfying and for Raising Children	24	(1)
Belief IV: Parents Can Learn Positive, Effective Ways of Responding to Their Children if They Have Opportunities for Support, Knowledge, and Skills	24	(1)
Belief V Parents' Basic Needs Must Be Met Before They Can Respond Effectively and Positively to the Needs of Their Children	24	(1)
Belief VI: Every Family Member Needs Nurturing	24	(1)
Belief VII: Family Members, Regardless of Gender or Age, Deserve Respect from Each Other	25	(1)
Belief VIII: A Child's Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties Should Be Viewed Within the Context of the Family and the Larger Social Environment	25	(1)
Belief IX: All People Need a Family	25	(1)
Belief X: Most Family Difficulties Do Not Appear Overnight But Have Developed Gradually Over the Years	25	(1)
Belief XI: A Difference Exists Between Thoughts and Actions in Parenting	25	(1)
Belief XII: A Difference Exists Between Being a "Perfect" Parent and a "Good Enough" Parent	26	(1)
Belief XIII: Families Require Fair and Equal Treatment from Environmental Systems	26	(1)
Principles That Guide Family Social Work	26	(2)
Principle I: The Best Place to Help Families Is in Their Home	26	(1)
Principle II: Family Social Work Empowers Families to Solve Their Own Problems	26	(1)
Principle III: Intervention Should Be Individualized and Based Upon an Assessment of the Social, Psychological, Cultural, Educational, Economic, and Physical Characteristics of the Particular Family	27	(1)
Principle IV Family Social Workers Must Respond First to the Immediate Needs of Families and Then to Their Long-Term Goals	27	(1)
Assumptions of Family Social Work	28	(7)
Home-Based Support for Families	28	(2)
Family-Centered Philosophy	30	(1)
Crisis Intervention	30	(1)
"Teachability" of Families	31	(1)
Ecological Approach	32	(3)
Chapter Summary	35	(1)
Exercises	36	(5)
CHAPTER TWO Family Systems	41	(32)
What Is a Family System?	42	(2)
Key Assumptions About Family Systems	44	(18)
The Family As a Whole Is More than the Sum of Its Parts	45	(1)
Families Try to Balance Change and Stability	46	(4)
A Change in One Family Member Affects All of the Family Members	50	(1)
Family Members' Behaviors Are Best Explained by Circular Causality	51	(4)
A Family Belongs to a Larger Social System and Encompasses Many Subsystems	55	(4)
A Family Operates According to Established Rules	59	(3)
Family Subsystems 6i
Spousal and Parental Subsystems	62	(1)
Triangulation	62	(3)
The Sibling Subsystem: Fellow Travelers	65	(1)
Family System Disruptions	66	(2)
Multigenerational Transmission of Patterns	68	(1)
Chapter Summary	69	(1)
Exercises	69	(4)
CHAPTER THREE Practical Aspects of Family Social Work	73	(20)
Referral Process	74	(1)
Scheduling Family Meetings	74	(3)
Setting Up the First Appointment	75	(1)
Allowing for Travel Time	75	(1)
Accommodating Family Preferences	76	(1)
Preparation and Care of Materials	77	(1)
What to Wear	78	(1)
Including Children in Meetings	78	(2)
Handling Disruptions and Maintaining Contact	80	(1)
Telephone Follow-Up	80	(1)
Safety Considerations	81	(3)
The Aggressive Parent	83	(1)
The First Meeting: Assessing Clients' Needs	84	(2)
Building a Relationship with Clients	86	(2)
Orienting Clients to Family Social Work	88	(1)
Case 3.1: Confidentiality	89	(1)
Protecting Clients' Confidentiality	89	(2)
Guidelines for Protecting Clients' Confidentiality	89	(2)
Case 3.2: Preparing for the Beginning Visit	91	(1)
Chapter Summary	91	(1)
Exercises	92	(1)
CHAPTER FOUR The Beginning Phase	93	(26)
Tasks for the Beginning Phase: Engagement and Assessment	94	(6)
Make Contact with Every Family Member	96	(1)
Define the Problem to Include Perceptions of All Members of the Family	96	(2)
Establish Goals and Clarify an Intervention Process	98	(1)
Case 4.1: Family Social Work Goals	99	(1)
Contract with the Family	99	(1)
Common Pitfalls of New FSWs	99	(1)
Basic Interviewing Skills Needed by Family Social Workers	100	(1)
Guidelines for Effective Interviews	101	(2)
Principles of Effective Communication	103	(7)
The Communication Process	105	(1)
Influence of Cultural Background	106	(1)
Methods of Providing Information	107	(1)
Attending Behaviors	108	(1)
Self-Awareness	109	(1)
Core Qualities Needed by Family Social Workers	110	(6)
Empathy	110	(4)
Nonpossessive Warmth	114	(1)
Genuineness	115	(1)
Dysfunctional Behaviors to Avoid in Family Social Work	116	(1)
Chapter Summary	117	(1)
Exercises	117	(2)
CHAPTER FIVE Qualitative Family Assessment	119	(37)
Introduction to Qualitative Assessment	120	(1)
Case 5.1: Family Assessment	121	(1)
The Context of Family Assessment	121	(2)
Purpose of Family Assessment	123	(1)
Ecological Assessment	123	(4)
Qualitative Techniques	127	(3)
Family History	128	(2)
Visual Techniques	130	(10)
Genogram	131	(6)
Ecomap	137	(2)
Other Visual Techniques	139	(1)
Criteria for Assessing Family Functioning	140	(1)
Family Assessment Measure	141	(4)
Problem Solving	141	(1)
Affective Responsiveness	142	(1)
Affective Involvement	142	(1)
Communication	142	(2)
Role Behavior	144	(1)
Autonomy	144	(1)
Modes of Behavioral Control	145	(1)
Assessing Parenting Skills	145	(2)
Assessment of Child Development	146	(1)
Assessment of Parent–Child Relationship	147	(1)
Considerations for Assessing Minority Families	147	(6)
Assessment Issues for African American Families	148	(1)
Assessment Issues for Hispanic American Families	148	(1)
Assessment Issues for Asian American Families	148	(1)
Assessment Issues for Native American Families	148	(1)
Psychosocial Adjustment	149	(1)
Relationships with Family Members	149	(1)
School Adjustment and Achievement	150	(1)
Case 5.2: Ethnic Minorities	151	(1)
Peer Relationships	151	(1)
Adaptation to the Community	151	(1)
Case 5.3: Genogram	152	(1)
Chapter Summary	153	(1)
Exercises	153	(3)
CHAPTER SIX Quantitative Assessment	156	(22)
Purposes of Quantitative Measurement	157	(1)
Selecting a Measurement Instrument	157	(9)
Reliability	158	(4)
Validity	162	(4)
Frameworks for Incorporating Quantitative Measurement	166	(3)
Single Subject Design	166	(3)
Goal Attainment Scaling	169	(1)
Measurement Instruments	169	(4)
Self-anchored and Self-Monitoring Instruments	169	(2)
Direct Behavioral Observation	171	(2)
Standardized Measures	173	(1)
Other Quantified Measures	173	(1)
Using Measurement to Link Assessment and Intervention	173	(1)
Client Readiness for Treatment	174	(1)
Treatment Planning	174	(1)
Case 6.1: Quantitative Assessment	175	(1)
Chapter Summary	175	(1)
Exercises	176	(2)
CHAPTER SEVEN Family Development and the Life Cycle	178	(42)
Understanding a Developmental Perspective	178	(1)
Factors Affecting Family Diversity over the Life Cycle	179	(5)
Culture	179	(1)
Social Class	180	(1)
Gender	181	(1)
Immigration	181	(1)
Sexual Orientation	182	(2)
Developmental Stages	184	(20)
Marriage/Partnering/Pair Bonding/Affiliative Orientation	188	(1)
Case 7.1: Transition	189	(2)
Birth of the First Child and So On	191	(3)
Families with Preschool Children	194	(1)
Families with School-Aged Children	195	(3)
Families with Teenagers	198	(2)
Families with Young People Leaving Home: Launching	200	(2)
Boomerang Phase	202	(1)
Issues for Older Parents	203	(1)
Variations Affecting the Family Life Cycle	204	(10)
Separation and Divorce	204	(5)
Single Parenting	209	(2)
Remarriage, Step parenting, and Blended Families: How Many Times Do You Hear About Ugly Step fathers?	211	(2)
Death of a Parent	213	(1)
Parenting by Grandparents	213	(1)
Case 7.2: Working with Diverse Family Structures	214	(1)
Chapter Summary	214	(1)
Exercises	215	(5)
CHAPTER EIGHT Family Strengths and Resilience	220	(30)
Ecological Risk and Opportunities	221	(6)
Microsystem	221	(3)
Mesosystem	224	(2)
Exosystem	226	(1)
Macrosystem	226	(1)
Risk	227	(3)
Culture	230	(9)
Family Resilience	239	(3)
Strengths: Creating an Ecological Niche	242	(3)
Key Strategies	245	(3)
Case 8.1: Looking for Strengths	247	(1)
Chapter Summary	248	(1)
Exercises	248	(2)
CHAPTER NINE Assessment with the Entire Family	250	(22)
Effective Assessment and Intervention	251	(5)
Culturally Sensitive Practice	251	(1)
Focus on the Family's Needs	252	(1)
Respect Clients' Autonomy	253	(1)
Avoid Fostering Dependency	253	(1)
Reassess Clients' Resistance	254	(1)
Maintain Professional Distance	254	(1)
Set Reasonable Expectations	255	(1)
A Micro and Macro Focus: An Ecological Intervention	255	(1)
Defining Problems	256	(3)
Circular Patterns	259	(3)
Stimulating Interaction	260	(1)
Lineal Circular, Strategic, and Reflexive Questions	261	(1)
Intervention in Circular Maladaptive Patterns	262	(1)
Detriangulation	263	(1)
Working with Involuntary Clients	264	(3)
Goal Setting	267	(1)
Contracting	268	(1)
Case 9.7: Working with Other Helpers	269	(1)
Chapter Summary	269	(1)
Exercises	270	(2)
CHAPTER TEN The Intervention Phase	272	(29)
Intervention Phases	272	(2)
Roles and Objectives of the Family Social Worker	274	(2)
Intervention Techniques	276	(8)
Observation	276	(3)
Focusing	279	(1)
Use of Examples	279	(1)
Confrontation	279	(3)
Re framing	282	(1)
Enactment	282	(1)
Externalizing the Problem	282	(1)
Use of Metaphor	283	(1)
Contracting	283	(1)
Ecologocial Intervention	284	(1)
Crisis Intervention	284	(1)
How to Teach Problem-Solving Skills	285	(2)
Developing Problem-Solving Skills	286	(1)
Solution-Focused Problem-Solving Questions	287	(1)
How to Teach Communication Skills	287	(2)
Listening and Empathizing	288	(1)
Use of "I" Statements	288	(1)
Working with Enmeshed or Disengaged Families	289	(2)
Establishing Boundaries	289	(1)
Dealing with Dysfunctional Family Alliances	290	(1)
Working with Family Rules	290	(1)
Guidelines for Intervention with Minority Families	291	(7)
Intervention with African American Families	292	(1)
Intervention with Hispanic American Families	293	(1)
Intervention with Asian American Families	294	(1)
Intervention with Native American Families	294	(1)
Different Cultures Working Together	295	(3)
Case 10.1: Multigenerational Patterns	298	(1)
Chapter Summary	298	(1)
Exercises	299	(2)
CHAPTER ELEVEN Interventions at the Child and Parental Levels	301	(28)
A Behavioral Family Approach	301	(14)
Assumptions	302	(1)
Principles and Procedures	303	(2)
Techniques	305	(9)
Evidence Base of Behavioral Family Interventions	314	(1)
Parenting Skills Training	315	(7)
Assumptions	315	(1)
Principles and Procedures	316	(4)
Techniques	320	(1)
Case 11.1: Parent Training	321	(1)
Behavior Problems and Parent–Child Conflict	322	(1)
Assisting Parents in Setting Rules	323	(1)
Avoiding Pitfalls in Behavioral Interventions	323	(1)
Family Psychoeducational Interventions	324	(3)
Assumptions	324	(1)
Principles and Procedures	325	(1)
Techniques	325	(1)
Evidence Base for Family Psychoeducation	325	(1)
Case 11.2: Psychoeducation	326	(1)
Case 11.3: Focusing on Children	326	(1)
Case 11.4: Incorporating Everyone's Perspective	327	(1)
Chapter Summary	327	(1)
Exercises	327	(2)
CHAPTER TWELVE Interventions with Couples and Gender Sensitive Intervention	329	(21)
Couple Work	330	(1)
Gender Sensitive Perspective	331	(1)
Gender Sensitive Intervention	332	(2)
Problem Solving Within a Gender Sensitive Intervention Perspective	334	(1)
Historical Context	334	(1)
A Feminist Critique of Family Systems Theory	335	(2)
Power Imbalances in Family Relationships	337	(2)
The Ecological Orientation of Gender Sensitive Practice	339	(1)
Family Values and Family Violence: A Critique	339	(3)
Family Privacy	340	(1)
Family Stability	340	(1)
Conjugal and Parental Rights	341	(1)
Socialization and Gender Roles	342	(1)
Division of Labor in Families	343	(1)
Recommendations for Gender Sensitive Family Social Work	344	(4)
Intervention Steps	346	(1)
Case 12.1: Evaluating Marital Work	347	(1)
Chapter Summary 347 Exercises	348	(2)
CHAPTER THIRTEEN The Termination Phase	350	(18)
Planning for Termination	352	(1)
Possible Reactions to Termination	352	(2)
Premature Termination and Dropouts	354	(1)
Practical Termination Steps	355	(4)
Steps for Termination	359	(4)
Case 13.1: Termination	363	(1)
Timing of Termination	363	(1)
How and When to Refer Clients to Other Professionals	364	(1)
Evaluating Results of Family Social Work	365	(2)
Case 13.2: Termination	366	(1)
Chapter Summary	367	(1)
Exercises	367	(1)
REFERENCES	368	(17)
NAME INDEX	385	(3)
SUBJECT INDEX	388