Introduction to Health Occupations

by Badasch, Shirley A.; Chesebro, Doreen S.

• ISBN13: 9780130131478
• ISBN10: 0130131474
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-10-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

For courses in health care occupations and medical occupations. This text provides students with basic information and skills needed to enter the health care field. It equips students with the skills necessary to research many different occupations in the health care field and to become effective health care workers. Follows the National Health Care Skills Standards.

Table of Contents

Procedures	xx	(7)
Preface	xxvii	(6)
The Parts of This Book	xxxiii	(4)
Acknowledgments	xxxvii	(2)
About the Authors	xxxix
Part One Basic Knowledge and Skills	1	(315)
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO BEING A HEALTH CARE WORKER	1	(16)
UNIT 1 History of Health Care	1	(8)
Early Beginnings	2	(1)
Medicine in Ancient Times	2	(1)
The Dark Ages (A.D. 400-800) and the Middle Ages (A.D. 800-1400)	3	(1)
The Renaissance (A.D. 1350-1650)	3	(1)
The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries	3	(1)
The Eighteenth Century	4	(1)
The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries	4	(2)
The Advancement of Nursing	6	(1)
Patient Care Today	7	(1)
A Look Back and an Overview of the Future	7	(1)
Medical Ethics	8	(1)
Summary	8	(1)
UNIT 2 Health Care Providers	9	(8)
Types of Health Care Providers	9	(1)
Government Agencies	10	(1)
Volunteer Agencies	11	(1)
Managed Care: Quality Care and Managed Costs	11	(1)
Ambulatory Care	12	(1)
Quality Health Care Costs and Payments	13	(1)
Organization	14	(1)
Major Services in Health Care	15	(1)
Summary	15	(1)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	16	(1)
CHAPTER 2 FINDING THE RIGHT OCCUPATION FOR YOU	17	(51)
UNIT 1 Career Search	17	(3)
Interests	18	(1)
Values	18	(1)
Abilities	19	(1)
Resources for Occupational Research	19	(1)
How to Do a Career Search	19	(1)
Developing a Vocational Portfolio	19	(1)
Summary	20	(1)
UNIT 2 Overview of Careers	20	(48)
Therapeutic Services	21	(21)
Diagnostic Services	42	(9)
Information Services	51	(6)
Environmental Services	57	(6)
Additional Health Care Areas	63	(2)
Summary	65	(1)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	66	(2)
CHAPTER 3 MEDICAL ETHICS AND LAW	68	(12)
UNIT 1 Ethical Roles and Responsibilities of a Health Care Worker	68	(4)
Value Indicators	69	(2)
The Team Concept	71	(1)
Summary	72	(1)
UNIT 2 Legal Roles and Responsibilities of a Health Care Worker	72	(8)
Legal Responsibilities	73	(3)
Confidentiality	76	(1)
Policies and Procedures	76	(1)
Summary	77	(1)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	78	(2)
CHAPTER 4 MEETING YOUR NEEDS AND THE NEEDS OF OTHERS	80	(18)
UNIT 1 Holistic Health	80	(3)
Health and Wellness	81	(1)
Wellness and Preventive Health Care	81	(1)
Jobs and Professions	82	(1)
Summary	82	(1)
UNIT 2 Understanding Human Needs	83	(6)
Meeting the Needs of Patients/Clients	83	(3)
Pet-Facilitated Therapy	86	(1)
Meeting the Needs of Co-Workers and Other Staff	87	(1)
Defense Mechanisms	88	(1)
Summary	88	(1)
UNIT 3 Cultural Competency	89	(9)
Culture and Behavior	89	(1)
Gestures and Body Language	90	(4)
Communicating Effectively with People from Other Cultures	94	(1)
Folk Medicine	94	(2)
Summary	96	(1)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	97	(1)
CHAPTER 5 EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATIONS	98	(16)
UNIT 1 Interpersonal Communication for All Ages	98	(6)
Elements That Influence Your Relationships with Others	99	(1)
Barriers to Communication	100	(1)
Elements of Communication	100	(1)
Good Listening Skills	100	(1)
Assertive Communication	101	(1)
Nonverbal Communication	101	(1)
Verbal Communication	102	(2)
Summary	104	(1)
UNIT 2 Charting and Observation	104	(4)
Observation	105	(1)
Reporting	105	(1)
Documentation	106	(2)
Confidentiality	108	(1)
Jobs and Professions	108	(1)
UNIT 3 Computers in Health Care	108	(6)
Computers in General	109	(1)
Basic Computer Components	109	(1)
Computers in Health Care	110	(2)
Summary	112	(1)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	113	(1)
CHAPTER 6 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY	114	(15)
UNIT 1 Pronunciation, Word Elements, and Terms	114	(9)
Introduction to Medical Terminology	115	(1)
Pronunciation	115	(1)
Forming Medical Terms from Word Elements	115	(8)
Summary	123	(1)
UNIT 2 Medical Abbreviations	123	(6)
Introduction to Abbreviations	124	(3)
Summary	127	(1)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	128	(1)
CHAPTER 7 MEDICAL MATH	129	(17)
UNIT 1 Math Review	129	(8)
Introduction to the Math Review	130	(1)
Numbers	130	(1)
Addition	131	(1)
Subtraction	132	(1)
Multiplication	133	(2)
Division	135	(1)
Decimals, Percentages, and Fractions	136	(1)
Summary	136	(1)
UNIT 2 The Metric System	137	(4)
Using the Metric System	137	(2)
Using the Metric System to Measure	139	(1)
Changing Standard Measures to Metric Measures	139	(1)
Summary	140	(1)
UNIT 3 The 24-Hour Clock/Military Time	141	(5)
Introduction to the 24-Hour Clock/Military Time	141	(2)
Summary	143	(1)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	144	(2)
CHAPTER 8 YOUR BODY AND HOW IT FUNCTIONS	146	(50)
UNIT 1 Overview of the Body	146	(7)
Introduction to the Body	147	(5)
Jobs and Professions	152	(1)
UNIT 2 The Skeletal System	153	(4)
Introduction to the Skeletal System	153	(2)
Common Disorders of the Skeletal System	155	(2)
Jobs and Professions	157	(1)
UNIT 3 The Muscular System	157	(4)
Introduction to the Muscular System	157	(3)
Common Disorders of the Muscular System	160	(1)
Jobs and Professions	161	(1)
UNIT 4 The Circulatory System	161	(5)
Introduction to the Circulatory System	161	(3)
Common Disorders of the Circulatory System	164	(1)
Jobs and Professions	165	(1)
UNIT 5 The Lymphatic System	166	(3)
Introduction to the Lymphatic System	166	(2)
Common Disorders of the Lymphatic System	168	(1)
Jobs and Professions	168	(1)
UNIT 6 The Respiratory System	169	(3)
Introduction to the Respiratory System	169	(2)
Common Disorders of the Respiratory System	171	(1)
Jobs and Professions	172	(1)
UNIT 7 The Digestive System	172	(4)
Introduction to the Digestive System	173	(2)
Common Disorders of the Digestive System	175	(1)
The Accessory Structures	175	(1)
Common Disorders of the Accessory Structures	175	(1)
Jobs and Professions	176	(1)
UNIT 8 The Urinary System	176	(3)
Introduction to the Urinary System	177	(1)
Common Disorders of the Urinary System	178	(1)
Jobs and Professions	179	(1)
UNIT 9 The Glandular Systems	179	(3)
Introduction to the Glandular Systems	180	(1)
Common Disorders of the Glandular Systems	181	(1)
Jobs and Professions	182	(1)
UNIT 10 The Nervous System	182	(6)
Introduction to the Nervous System	182	(5)
Common Disorders of the Nervous System	187	(1)
Jobs and Professions	187	(1)
UNIT 11 The Reproductive System	188	(4)
Introduction to the Reproductive System	188	(2)
Common Disorders of the Reproductive System	190	(1)
Jobs and Professions	191	(1)
UNIT 12 The Integumentary System	192	(4)
Introduction to the Integumentary System	192	(1)
Common Disorders of the Integumentary System	193	(1)
Jobs and Professions	194	(1)
Summary	194	(1)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	195	(1)
CHAPTER 9 HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT	196	(19)
UNIT 1 Development and Behavior	196	(4)
Development and Behavior	197	(3)
Summary	200	(1)
UNIT 2 Aging and Role Change	200	(3)
Physical Changes of Aging	201	(1)
Role Changes in the Aging	202	(1)
Summary	203	(1)
UNIT 3 Disabilities and Role Changes	203	(6)
Definition of Health	204	(1)
Importance of Independence	204	(2)
Physical Disabilities	206	(2)
Role Changes in the Disabled	208	(1)
Summary	209	(1)
UNIT 4 Psychological Stages in the Terminally Ill	209	(6)
Terminal Illness	210	(1)
Hospice Care	211	(1)
Jobs and Professions	211	(1)
Summary	212	(1)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	213	(2)
CHAPTER 10 NUTRITION	215	(10)
UNIT 1 Basic Nutrition	215	(5)
Introduction to Basic Nutrition	216	(4)
Summary	220	(1)
UNIT 2 Therapeutic Diets	220	(5)
Introduction to Therapeutic Diets	220	(3)
Summary	223	(1)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	224	(1)
CHAPTER 11 MEASURING VITAL SIGNS	225	(20)
UNIT 1 Temperature, Pulse, and Respiration	225	(13)
Introduction to Vital Signs	226	(1)
Temperature	226	(6)
Pulse	232	(3)
Pulse Oximetry	235	(1)
Respiration	236	(1)
Recording Vital Signs	237	(1)
Summary	238	(1)
UNIT 2 Blood Pressure	238	(7)
Blood Pressure	239	(2)
Palpating Blood Pressure	241	(2)
Summary	243	(1)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	244	(1)
Procedures List for Chapter 11 (see page xx).
CHAPTER 12 CONTROLLING INFECTION	245	(17)
UNIT 1 The Nature of Microorganisms	245	(5)
Introduction to Microorganisms	246	(2)
How Microorganisms Affect the Body	248	(1)
How Microorganisms Spread	248	(1)
Protection from Microorganisms	249	(1)
Signs and Symptoms of Infection	250	(1)
Summary	250	(1)
UNIT 2 Asepsis	250	(5)
Introduction to Asepsis	251	(1)
Standard Precautions	251	(2)
Controlling the Spread of Infection	253	(2)
Summary	255	(1)
UNIT 3 Standard Precautions	255	(7)
Introduction to Standard Precautions	256	(4)
Transmission-Based Precautions	260	(1)
Summary	260	(1)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	261	(1)
Procedures List for Chapter 12 (see page xx).
CHAPTER 13 PATIENT AND EMPLOYEE SAFETY	262	(37)
UNIT 1 General Safety and Injury and Illness Prevention	262	(6)
OSHA Standards	263	(4)
General Safety	267	(1)
Summary	268	(1)
UNIT 2 Patient Safety	268	(4)
Identifying the Patient	269	(1)
Ambulation Devices	269	(1)
Transporting Devices	269	(2)
Postural Supports	271	(1)
Side Rails	271	(1)
Summary	272	(1)
UNIT 3 Disaster Preparedness	272	(2)
Disaster Plan	273	(1)
Fire Causes and Prevention	273	(1)
Summary	274	(1)
UNIT 4 Principles of Body Mechanics	274	(3)
Body Mechanics	275	(2)
Summary	277	(1)
UNIT 5 First Aid	277	(22)
Introduction to First Aid	278	(1)
General Principles of First Aid	278	(1)
Life-Threatening Situations	278	(12)
Non-Life-Threatening Situations	290	(3)
Dressings and Bandages	293	(3)
Summary	296	(1)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	297	(2)
Procedures List for Chapter 13 (see page xx).
CHAPTER 14 EMPLOYABILITY AND LEADERSHIP	299	(17)
UNIT 1 Job-Seeking Skills	299	(7)
Finding a Job	300	(1)
Your Vocational Portfolio	300	(1)
Places to Seek Employment	300	(1)
Ways to Contact an Employer	301	(3)
Interview	304	(2)
Summary	306	(1)
UNIT 2 Keeping a Job	306	(3)
Responsibilities	307	(1)
Summary	308	(1)
UNIT 3 Becoming a Professional Leader	309	(7)
Membership in an Organization	309	(3)
Professional Organizations	312	(1)
Leadership	313	(1)
Summary	313	(1)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	314	(2)
Part two Multidisciplinary Skills	316	(381)
CHAPTER 15 NURSE ASSISTANT/PATIENT CAREGIVER	316	(101)
UNIT 1 Basic Care Skills/OBRA Standards/Long-Term Care	316	(94)
Responsibilities of a Long-Term Care Nurse Assistant	317	(3)
Admission	320	(2)
Height and Weight	322	(4)
Transfer	326	(1)
Discharge	326	(1)
Standard Precautions	327	(1)
Morning and Evening Care (AM and PM Care)	328	(1)
Skin Management	329	(3)
Oral Hygiene	332	(3)
Offering the Urinal and/or Bedpan	335	(3)
Movement and Ambulation of the Resident	338	(7)
Positioning and Body Alignment	345	(4)
Range of Motion	349	(4)
Bathing the Resident	353	(9)
Care of Hair and Nails	362	(2)
Shaving the Resident	364	(1)
Dressing and Undressing the Resident	365	(1)
Prosthetic Devices	366	(1)
Bedmaking	366	(6)
Feeding the Resident	372	(4)
Measuring Intake and Output	376	(4)
Special Procedures	380	(8)
Incontinent Resident	388	(5)
Specimen Collection	393	(8)
Diabetes Mellitus	401	(1)
Therapies	402	(1)
Special Precautions	402	(2)
Special Care Devices	404	(4)
Terminal and Postmortem Care	408	(2)
UNIT 2 Advanced Roles/Sub-Acute Care	410	(7)
Sub-Acute Care	410	(1)
Responsibilities of a Sub-Acute Nurse Assistant	411	(1)
Postoperative Care	411	(1)
Wound Care and Observation	412	(1)
How Wounds Heal	412	(1)
Intravenous Therapy	413	(1)
Tracheostomy Care	414	(1)
Multiple Trauma and Head Injuries	414	(2)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	416	(1)
Procedures List for Chapter 15 (see pages xx-xxii).
CHAPTER 16 HOME HEALTH AIDE	417	(14)
Responsibilities of a Home Health Aide	418	(1)
Home Health Care Agencies	418	(1)
Working with Clients in the Home	419	(5)
Sterilization in the Home	424	(1)
Maintaining a Clean Environment	425	(1)
Safety in the Home	426	(1)
Shopping and Planning for Meals	427	(3)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	430	(1)
Procedures List for Chapter 16 (see page xxii).
CHAPTER 17 ELECTROCARDIOGRAM TECHNICIAN	431	(15)
Responsibilities of an EKG/ECG Technician	432	(1)
Electrocardiograph	432	(5)
Performing an EKG/ECG	437	(3)
Artifacts	440	(1)
Mounting the EKG/ECG	441	(1)
Holter Monitoring	442	(2)
Jobs and Professions	444	(1)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	445	(1)
Procedures List for Chapter 17 (see page xxii).
CHAPTER 18 LABORATORY ASSISTANT/MEDICAL ASSISTANT LABORATORY SKILLS; PHLEBOTOMIST	446	(57)
UNIT 1 Laboratory Skills	446	(46)
Responsibilities of a Laboratory Assistant/Medical Assistant	447	(1)
Laboratory Standards	448	(3)
Laboratory Tests	451	(3)
Laboratory Equipment	454	(3)
Urinalysis	457	(6)
Sputum Collection	463	(1)
Stool Collection	464	(2)
Laboratory Cultures	466	(6)
Blood, Blood Composition, and Blood Testing	472	(20)
UNIT 2 Phlebotomist	492	(11)
Responsibilities of a Phlebotomist	492	(1)
About Blood	493	(1)
Preparing to Draw Blood	494	(1)
Drawing Blood	495	(6)
Jobs and Professions	501	(1)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	502	(1)
Procedures List for Chapter 18 (see page xxiii).
CHAPTER 19 PHYSICAL THERAPY AIDE	503	(15)
The Physical Therapy Department	504	(1)
Responsibilities of a Physical Therapy Aide	504	(1)
Preparing Patients/Clients for Therapy	505	(3)
Guarding Techniques	508	(1)
Exercising	509	(1)
Rehabilitation Equipment	510	(6)
Jobs and Professions	516	(1)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	517	(1)
Procedures List for Chapter 19 (see page xxiii).
CHAPTER 20 CENTRAL SUPPLY/CENTRAL PROCESSING WORKER	518	(11)
The Central Supply Department	519	(1)
Responsibilities of a Central Supply Worker	519	(1)
Standard Precautions	519	(1)
Decontamination	519	(2)
Preparation Area	521	(4)
Sterilization	525	(2)
Inventory and Distribution	527	(1)
Jobs and Professions	527	(1)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	528	(1)
Procedures List for Chapter 20 (see page xxiv).
CHAPTER 21 ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES TECHNICIAN/HOUSEKEEPER	529	(19)
Responsibilities of an EVS/Housekeeper	530	(1)
Abbreviations	530	(1)
Care and Cleaning of Equipment	531	(2)
General Cleaning Duties	533	(4)
Cleaning Rooms That Are Occupied by Patients	537	(1)
Cleaning Unoccupied Rooms	538	(4)
Cleaning Specialized Areas	542	(1)
Cleaning Sterile Areas	543	(1)
Cleaning Public Areas	544	(1)
Maintaining the Linen Area	545	(1)
Jobs and Professions	545	(2)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	547	(1)
Procedures List for Chapter 21 (see page xxiv).
CHAPTER 22 HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNICIAN	548	(34)
Responsibilities of a Health Information Technician	549	(1)
Customer Service	550	(4)
Scheduling	554	(5)
Registration	559	(1)
Filing Systems	559	(6)
Fees	565	(1)
Billing	566	(4)
Collections	570	(1)
Bookkeeping	570	(3)
Checks (Payable/Receivable)	573	(1)
Payroll	573	(5)
Petty Cash Fund	578	(1)
Supplies	579	(1)
Business Equipment	580	(1)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	581	(1)
Procedures List for Chapter 22 (see page xxiv).
CHAPTER 23 CLINICAL MEDICAL ASSISTANT	582	(72)
Responsibilities of a Medical Assistant	583	(1)
Taking Measurements	584	(6)
Standard Precautions	590	(1)
Assisting with Examinations	591	(26)
Breast Self-Examination: A New Approach	617	(4)
Pediatrics	621	(1)
Minor Surgical Procedures	622	(6)
Public Health Reporting	628	(1)
Pharmacology and Medication Administration	628	(22)
Immunity and Immunizations	650	(3)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	653	(1)
Procedures List for Chapter 23 (see page xxv).
CHAPTER 24 DENTAL ASSISTANT	654	(43)
Responsibilities of a Dental Assistant	655	(1)
Dental Specialties	656	(1)
Introduction to Dentistry	656	(1)
Odontology	656	(1)
Introduction to the Teeth and Oral Cavity	657	(4)
Anatomy of the Tooth	661	(3)
Charting Conditions of the Teeth	664	(9)
Dental Equipment	673	(3)
Infection Control	676	(2)
Basic Setup for Dental Procedures	678	(1)
Basic Chairside Assisting Skills During Dental Treatment	678	(1)
Oral Examination	679	(3)
Oral Evacuation/Rinsing/Drying Techniques	682	(3)
Study Models	685	(5)
Assisting During Basic Restorative Procedures	690	(1)
Oral Hygiene	690	(1)
Teaching Oral Hygiene	690	(2)
Dental Radiographs	692	(4)
Chapter Review: Your Link to Success	696	(1)
Procedures List for Chapter 24 (see pages xxv-xxvi).
Glossary	697	(12)
Index	709