Introduction to Multicultural Counseling for Helping Professionals, Second Edition

by Orozco; Graciela L.

• ISBN13: 9780415957021
• ISBN10: 0415957028
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2007-03-09
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

First published in 1999, this second edition of Introduction to Multicultural Counseling for Helping Professionalsincludes entirely new material on counseling Middle Eastern Americans, bi-racial, and multi-cultural Americans. Each chapter now includes a case vignette with questions and reflections, a section devoted to spirituality, discussion of socio-economic class issues, and an expanded and annotated cultural resource section. The respect for indigenous treatments and balance between generic and specific cultural issues characteristic of the original edition remain central to the text, while new and updated information meet the needs of today'¬"s helping professionals. Lee, Blando, Mizelle, and Orozco have contributed their expertise and research to create a comprehensive, accessible, and teachable text for the introduction to multicultural counseling and therapy.

Author Biography

Graciela L. Orozco is an Assistant Professor and Coordinator of the School Counseling Program at San Francisco State University.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. XVII
A Note to Instructors and Training Directors	p. XVIII
Acknowledgments	p. XXI
Multicultural Counseling: Past, Present, and Future	p. 1
Culture	p. 2
Ethnicity	p. 3
Race	p. 3
Minority Group	p. 4
Early Issues	p. 4
Current Issues and Controversies	p. 6
Is Multiculturalism an Exclusive or an Inclusive Concept?	p. 6
Do the Same Basic Counseling Principles and Techniques Apply to Everyone Regardless of Cultural Background?	p. 7
Should We Be Adapting Traditional Counseling to Meet the Needs of Nontraditional Clients or Examining Nontraditional Counseling to Enlighten Traditional Approaches?	p. 7
Should Multicultural Training Be Required for Licensure or Certification in Counseling?	p. 8
Emerging Issues and Future Needs	p. 15
Spirituality	p. 15
Social Class Considerations	p. 15
Research	p. 16
Developing Multicultural Counseling Competency	p. 19
Multicultural Theory	p. 20
Multicultural Competencies	p. 21
Multicultural Training	p. 24
Training Models	p. 24
Training Format	p. 25
A Model Training Curriculum	p. 27
Training Methods and Process	p. 30
Multiculturalism Within the Counseling Profession	p. 31
Current Status	p. 31
Barriers to Participation	p. 33
Remedies	p. 34
Understanding and Appreciating Difference	p. 35
Racism	p. 37
Barriers in Counseling	p. 39
Developing Cultural Awareness	p. 42
Counseling Clients Who Have Been Subject to Discrimination	p. 45
Case Vignette	p. 47
Questions	p. 47
	p. 47
	p. 48
Recommended Cultural Resources	p. 48
Cultural Aspects of Psychological Assessment	p. 51
Historical and Sociopolitical Influences on Testing	p. 51
IQ and Culture	p. 51
Assessment Concerns	p. 52
Affirmative Action and Testing	p. 53
Bias in Testing	p. 55
Social Class Considerations	p. 57
Race Issues	p. 58
Other Cultural Issues	p. 59
Culture-Specific Testing	p. 60
Recommendations for Multicultural Assessment	p. 65
Case Vignette	p. 67
Questions	p. 67
	p. 67
	p. 68
Recommended Cultural Resources	p. 68
Cultural Transition	p. 71
Acculturation	p. 74
Counseling Individuals and Families in Cultural Transition	p. 77
International Students	p. 78
Immigrants and Refugees	p. 80
Re-Entry Shock	p. 82
Generational Effects of Acculturation	p. 83
Case Vignette	p. 85
Questions	p. 85
	p. 86
	p. 86
Recommended Cultural Resources	p. 87
Cultural Identity Development	p. 89
Racial/Ethnic Identity Development	p. 90
Biracial Identity Development	p. 93
Other Dimensions of Minority Identity Development	p. 95
Counseling Implications	p. 97
Case Vignette	p. 98
Questions	p. 99
	p. 99
	p. 99
Recommended Cultural Resources	p. 100
Native Americans in Counseling	p. 101
Histories and Diversity	p. 101
Social Class Considerations	p. 104
Spirituality	p. 105
Other Cultural Values	p. 106
Indigenous Treatment Methods	p. 108
Treatment Implications	p. 110
Educational Concerns	p. 110
Alcoholism	p. 112
General Counseling Issues	p. 112
Nonverbal Behavior	p. 113
The Initial Session	p. 114
Therapeutic Modalities	p. 115
Cultural Knowledge	p. 116
Case Vignette	p. 116
Questions	p. 116
	p. 117
	p. 117
Recommended Cultural Resources	p. 117
African Americans in Counseling	p. 119
Histories and Diversity	p. 119
Social Class Considerations	p. 122
Cultural Values	p. 122
Spirituality	p. 122
Family	p. 123
The Afrocentric Worldview	p. 124
Indigenous Treatment Methods	p. 126
Treatment Implications	p. 128
Black Rage and Trust	p. 128
Historically Black Colleges and Universities	p. 129
Diagnostic Issues	p. 130
Other Counseling Issues	p. 131
Case Vignette	p. 134
Questions	p. 134
	p. 134
	p. 135
Recommended Cultural Resources	p. 135
Latinos and Latinas in Counseling	p. 137
Histories and Diversity	p. 138
Social Class Considerations	p. 141
Cultural Values	p. 142
Family	p. 142
Machismo	p. 143
Spirituality	p. 144
Personalismo	p. 145
Indigenous Treatment Methods	p. 146
Counseling Issues	p. 148
Language and Acculturation	p. 143
Adolescents	p. 149
Career Concerns	p. 149
Undocumented Workers	p. 150
Other Counseling Issues	p. 150
Case Vignette	p. 152
Questions	p. 153
	p. 154
	p. 154
Recommended Cultural Resources	p. 155
Asian and Pacific Islander Americans in Counseling	p. 159
Histories and Diversity	p. 159
Social Class Considerations	p. 161
Cultural Values	p. 164
Indigenous Treatment Methods	p. 166
Counseling Issues	p. 168
Spirituality	p. 168
Myth of the Model Minority	p. 170
Career Concerns	p. 171
Other Counseling Implications	p. 172
Case Vignette	p. 174
Questions	p. 175
	p. 175
	p. 176
Recommended Cultural Resources	p. 176
European Americans in Counseling	p. 179
Within-Group Characteristics and Variability	p. 180
Northern European Americans	p. 180
Southern and Eastern European Americans	p. 182
Indigenous Treatment Methods	p. 183
Counseling Issues	p. 184
Social Class Considerations	p. 184
Spirituality	p. 184
Case Vignette	p. 185
Questions	p. 186
	p. 186
	p. 186
Recommended Cultural Resources	p. 187
Middle Eastern Americans in Counseling	p. 189
Histories and Diversity	p. 189
Race and Social Class Considerations	p. 190
Stereotypes	p. 190
Cultural Values	p. 191
Religious Factors	p. 191
Communication	p. 192
Family and Affiliation Factors	p. 192
Counseling Issues	p. 193
Indigenous Treatment Methods	p. 194
Psychosociocultural Factors	p. 194
Recommendations for Providing Mental Health Services	p. 194
Case Vignette	p. 195
Questions	p. 196
	p. 196
	p. 196
Recommended Cultural Resources	p. 196
Counseling Women	p. 199
Histories and Diversity	p. 199
Women of Color	p. 200
Social Class Considerations	p. 202
Cultural Values	p. 203
Indigenous Treatment Methods	p. 203
Feminist Therapy	p. 203
Goddess Spirituality	p. 205
Counseling Issues	p. 206
Gender and Diagnosis	p. 206
Violence Against Women	p. 208
Pay Discrimination and the Glass Ceiling	p. 209
Sexual Harassment	p. 210
Multiple Role Strain	p. 211
Other Counseling Implications	p. 212
Case Vignette	p. 212
Questions	p. 213
	p. 213
	p. 214
Recommended Cultural Resources	p. 214
Counseling Men	p. 217
Histories and Diversity	p. 217
Social Class Considerations	p. 218
Men of Color	p. 218
Cultural Values	p. 219
Achievement	p. 220
Power and Strength	p. 220
Independence and Connection to Other Men	p. 221
Indigenous Treatment Methods	p. 221
Men's Groups	p. 221
Spirituality: The Mythopoetic Men's Movement	p. 222
Counseling Issues	p. 224
Men's Issues	p. 224
Work	p. 224
Violence and Partner Relational Abuse	p. 224
Fathering	p. 225
Other Counseling Implications	p. 226
Case Vignette	p. 227
Questions	p. 227
	p. 228
	p. 228
Recommended Cultural Resources	p. 228
Counseling Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) People	p. 231
Histories and Diversity	p. 232
Definitions of LGBT	p. 232
Basis of Sexual Orientation	p. 233
Basis of Transgenderism and Transsexualism	p. 234
Homoprejudice, Transprejudice, and Pathological Bias	p. 234
Hate Crimes	p. 235
Diversity Among Sexual and Gender Minorities	p. 236
Gay Men	p. 236
Lesbians	p. 237
Bisexuals	p. 237
Transgendered and Transsexual People	p. 237
Sexual or Gender Minority People of Color	p. 238
First Nations	p. 238
African Americans	p. 238
Latinas/Latinos	p. 239
Asian Americans	p. 239
Social Class Considerations	p. 240
Cultural Values	p. 240
Language	p. 240
Indigenous Treatment Methods	p. 241
Community Interventions	p. 241
Counseling Issues	p. 242
Adolescence	p. 242
Coming Out	p. 243
Career Concerns	p. 244
Relationship Issues	p. 245
Parenting Issues	p. 246
Spirituality	p. 247
General Treatment Implications	p. 248
Case Vignette	p. 248
Questions	p. 249
	p. 249
	p. 250
Recommended Cultural Resources	p. 250
Counseling Old Adults	p. 253
Histories and Diversity	p. 253
Ageism	p. 254
Gender and Social Class	p. 255
Marginalized Old Adults	p. 255
Cultural Values	p. 258
Relevant Theories	p. 259
Spirituality	p. 260
Indigenous Treatment Methods	p. 260
Reminiscence, Life Review, and Guided Autobiography	p. 260
Counseling Issues	p. 261
Aging and Diagnosis	p. 261
Mood Disorders	p. 262
Grief and Loss	p. 263
Chronic Illness and Alzheimer's Disease	p. 264
Work and Leisure	p. 265
Caregiving	p. 266
Elder Abuse	p. 266
Sexuality	p. 267
General Treatment Implications	p. 267
Group Counseling	p. 270
Bibliotherapy	p. 271
Early Recollections	p. 271
Other Approaches	p. 271
Case Vignette	p. 272
Questions	p. 272
	p. 273
	p. 273
Recommended Cultural Resources	p. 273
Counseling Persons With a Disability	p. 275
Histories and Diversity	p. 276
Types of Disabilities	p. 276
Race and Social Class Considerations	p. 279
Indigenous Treatment and Cultural Views of Disability	p. 280
Cultural Values	p. 282
Language	p. 282
Disability Culture	p. 282
Deaf Culture	p. 283
Counseling Issues	p. 284
Family	p. 285
Spirituality	p. 286
Abuse	p. 286
General Treatment Implications	p. 287
Case Vignette	p. 287
Questions	p. 288
	p. 288
	p. 288
Recommended Cultural Resources	p. 289
Counseling Bicultural/Biracial People	p. 291
Histories and Diversity	p. 291
Intercultural Marriage	p. 292
Labeling	p. 293
Social Class Considerations	p. 293
Cultural Values	p. 294
Spirituality	p. 294
Indigenous Treatment Methods	p. 295
Counseling Issues	p. 296
Identity Issues	p. 296
Social and Sexual Issues	p. 297
General Treatment Implications	p. 298
Biracial Children	p. 299
Case Vignette	p. 301
Questions	p. 302
	p. 302
	p. 302
Recommended Cultural Resources	p. 303
References	p. 305
About the Authors	p. 351
Index	p. 353
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