An Introduction to Native North America

by Sutton, Mark Q.

• ISBN13: 9780205289905
• ISBN10: 0205289908
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-11-01
• Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Summary

An Introduction to Native North America provides a basic introduction to the Native Peoples of North America, including both Eskimos and Indians. Beginning with a discussion of the geography of North America, this excellent text delves into the history of research, basic prehistory, the European invasion, and the impact of Europeans on Native cultures. A final chapter covers contemporary Native Americans, including issues of religion, health, and politics. Much of the book is also written from the perspective of the ethnographic present, and the various cultures are described as they were at the specific times noted in the text.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Introduction	1	(22)
The Geography of North America	1	(3)
Culture Areas	4	(1)
Native North Americans	5	(6)
The People	6	(1)
Political Entities	7	(1)
Population	7	(1)
Language	8	(1)
Territories and Boundaries	8	(1)
Group Names	9	(1)
The Role of Women	10	(1)
Contemporary Adoptions of Native American Culture	10	(1)
A Brief History of Research on Native North Americans	11	(5)
The Impact of Anthropology on Native Cultures	13	(1)
Changing Popular Views of North America	14	(1)
Sidelight: The Domesticated ``Wilderness''	15	(1)
A General Prehistory of North America	16	(7)
The Origin of Native Peoples in the New World	16	(2)
The Paleoindian Period	18	(1)
The Archaic Period	19	(1)
Sidelight: Weapons Technology	20	(1)
The Formative: Agriculture	21	(1)
Mesoamerican Influences on Native North America	22	(1)
European Invasion and Conquest	23	(19)
The Norse Discovery	23	(1)
Columbus and the Early Exploration of North America	24	(1)
European Colonies in North America	25	(2)
Differing Approaches to Exploitation of the New World	25	(2)
Indian Slavery	27	(1)
A History of Governmental Policies toward Native Americans	27	(8)
United States Indian Policies	28	(5)
Canadian Indian Policies	33	(1)
Indian Policies in Northern Mexico	34	(1)
The Cultural and Biological Impact of European Intrusion	35	(2)
Sidelight: European Disease in the New World	36	(1)
The Fur Trade	37	(5)
Sidelight: The Spanish Mission System	38	(3)
Sidelight: Native Tobacco: Then and Now	41	(1)
Native Peoples of the Arctic	42	(38)
Geography and Environment	44	(2)
A Basic Prehistory of the Arctic	46	(3)
The Paleoindian Period (to ca. 10,000 B.P.)	46	(1)
The Archaic Period (ca. 10,000 B.P. to Contact)	46	(1)
The Contact Period	47	(1)
The Impact of European Contact	48	(1)
A Brief History of Ethnographic Research	49	(1)
A Broad Portrait of Arctic Groups	49	(31)
Political Organization	51	(1)
Social Organization	52	(2)
Economics	54	(2)
Material Culture and Technology	56	(2)
Religion	58	(1)
Arctic Peoples Today	59	(1)
Sidelight: Arctic Art	60	(1)
The Aleut: An Arctic Case Study	61	(9)
The Inuit of Quebec: An Arctic Case Study	70	(10)
Native Peoples of the Subarctic	80	(19)
Geography and Environment	80	(1)
A Basic Prehistory of the Subarctic	81	(3)
The Paleoindian Period (to ca. 10,000 B.P.)	82	(1)
The Archaic Period (ca. 10,000 B.P. to Contact)	82	(1)
The Contact Period	82	(1)
The Impact of European Contact	83	(1)
A Brief History of Ethnographic Research	84	(1)
A Broad Portrait of Subarctic Groups	84	(15)
Political Organization	85	(1)
Social Organization	85	(1)
Economics	86	(1)
Material Culture and Technology	87	(1)
Religion	88	(1)
Subarctic Peoples Today	89	(1)
The Western Woods Cree: A Subarctic Case Study	90	(9)
Native Peoples of the Plateau	99	(21)
Geography and Environment	99	(2)
A Basic Prehistory of the Plateau	101	(2)
The Paleoindian Period (ca. 14,000 to 10,000 B.P.)	101	(1)
The Archaic Period (ca. 10,000 B.P. to Contact)	102	(1)
The Contact Period	102	(1)
The Impact of European Contact	103	(1)
A Brief History of Ethnographic Research	103	(1)
Sidelight: The Modoc War	104	(1)
A Broad Portrait of Plateau Groups	104	(16)
Political Organization	106	(1)
Social Organization	106	(1)
Economics	107	(1)
Material Culture and Technology	108	(1)
Religion	108	(1)
Plateau Indians Today	108	(2)
The Nez Perce: A Plateau Case Study	110	(2)
VIP Profile: Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce	112	(8)
Native Peoples of the Northwest Coast	120	(27)
Geography and Environment	120	(2)
A Basic Prehistory of the Northwest Coast	122	(3)
The Paleoindian Period (ca. 14,000 to 10,000 B.P.)	122	(1)
The Paleomarine Period (ca. 10,000 to 5,000 B.P.)	122	(1)
The Middle Period (ca. 5,000 to 1,500 B.P.)	123	(1)
The Late Period (ca. 1,500 B.P. to Contact)	123	(1)
The Contact Period	123	(2)
The Impact of European Contact	125	(1)
A Brief History of Ethnographic Research	125	(1)
A Broad Portrait of Northwest Coast Groups	126	(21)
Political Organization	126	(1)
Social Organization	127	(1)
The Potlatch	128	(2)
Economics	130	(1)
Material Culture and Technology	131	(2)
Sidelight: Northwest Coast Art	133	(1)
Religion	134	(1)
Northwest Coast Indians Today	135	(1)
VIP Profile: Chief Seathl	136	(1)
The Kwakiutl: A Northwest Coast Case Study	137	(10)
Native Peoples of the Great Basin	147	(25)
Geography and Environment	147	(2)
A Basic Prehistory of the Great Basin	149	(5)
The Paleoindian Period (ca. 12,000 to 10,000 B.P.)	149	(1)
The Archaic Period (ca. 10,000 B.P. to Contact)	150	(1)
Late Farmers	151	(1)
The Contact Period	151	(1)
VIP Profile: Sarah Winnemucca, Northern Paiute Leader	152	(2)
The Impact of European Contact	154	(1)
A Brief History of Ethnographic Research	154	(1)
A Broad Portrait of Great Basin Groups	155	(17)
Political Organization	155	(1)
Social Organization	156	(1)
Economics	157	(2)
Material Culture and Technology	159	(1)
Religion	159	(1)
Sidelight: The Ghost Dance Religion	160	(2)
Great Basin Peoples Today	162	(1)
The Owens Valley Paiute: A Great Basin Case Study	163	(9)
Native Peoples of California	172	(24)
Geography and Enviroment	173	(1)
A Basic Prehistory of California	173	(3)
The Paleoindian Period (ca. 12,000 B.P. to 10,000 B.P.)	173	(1)
The Archaic Period (ca. 10,000 B.P. to Contact)	173	(2)
The Contact Period	175	(1)
The Impact of European Contact	176	(1)
A Brief History of Ethnographic Research	176	(1)
A Broad Portrait of California Indians	177	(19)
Political Organization	177	(1)
Social Organization	178	(1)
Economics	178	(1)
Material Culture and Technology	179	(1)
Religion	179	(1)
VIP Profile: Ishi: ``The Last Wild Indian in North America''	180	(1)
California Indians Today	181	(1)
The Yokuts: A California Case Study	182	(6)
The Chumash: A California Case Study	188	(8)
Native Peoples of the Southwest	196	(55)
Geography and Environment	197	(1)
A Basic Prehistory of the Southwest	198	(6)
The Paleoindian Period (ca. 12,000 to 10,000 B.P.)	198	(1)
The Archaic Period (ca. 10,000 to 2,000 B.P.)	199	(1)
Farmers and Pueblos	199	(2)
The Contact Period	201	(2)
VIP Profile: Geronimo, Apache Leader	203	(1)
The Impact of European Contact	204	(1)
A Brief History of Ethnographic Research	204	(1)
A Broad Portrait of Southwestern Pueblo Groups	205	(4)
Political Organization	206	(1)
Social Organization	206	(1)
Economics	206	(1)
Material Culture and Technology	207	(1)
Religion	208	(1)
Pueblo Peoples Today	209	(1)
A Broad Portrait of Non-Pueblo Southwestern Groups	209	(42)
Political Organization	211	(1)
Social Organization	211	(1)
Economics	211	(1)
Non-Pueblo Peoples Today	211	(1)
Sidelight: The Myth of Don Juan	212	(1)
The Hopi: A Southwestern Case Study	213	(5)
Sidelight: The Navajo-Hopi Land Dispute	218	(12)
The Navajo: A Southwestern Case Study	230	(11)
The Tarahumara: A Southwestern Case Study	241	(10)
Native Peoples of the Plains	251	(38)
Geography and Environment	251	(2)
A Basic Prehistory of the Plains	253	(6)
The Plaeoindian Period (ca. 12,000 to 9,000 B.P.)	253	(1)
The Archaic Period (ca. 9,000 to 1,700 B.P.)	253	(1)
The Contact Period	254	(1)
The Impact of the Horse on Plains Culture	255	(1)
VIP Profile: Sitting Bull, Hunkpapa Leader	256	(2)
The Impact of European Contact	258	(1)
A Brief History of Ethnographic Research	259	(1)
A Broad Portrait of Plains Groups	260	(29)
Political Organization	262	(1)
Plains Warfare	262	(1)
Social Organization	263	(1)
Economics	264	(1)
Material Culture and Technology	265	(1)
Religion	266	(2)
Plains Indians Today	268	(1)
The Cheyenne: A Plains Case Study	269	(9)
The Pawnees: A Plains Case Study	278	(11)
Native Peoples of the Northeast	289	(35)
Geography and Environment	289	(2)
A Basic Prehistory of the Northeast	291	(4)
The Paleoindian Period (ca. 15,000 to 10,000 B.P.)	291	(1)
The Archaic Period (ca. 10,000 to 3,000 B.P.)	292	(1)
The Woodland Period (ca. 3,000 B.P. to Contact)	292	(1)
The Contact Period	293	(2)
The Impact of European Contact	295	(1)
A Brief History of Ethnographic Research	295	(1)
A Broad Portrait of Northeastern Groups	296	(28)
Political Organization	296	(1)
Warfare	297	(1)
VIP Profile: Pocahontas	298	(1)
Social Organization	299	(1)
Economics	299	(1)
Material Culture and Technology	300	(1)
Religion	301	(1)
Northeastern Indians Today	301	(2)
The Iroquois: A Northeastern Case Study	303	(2)
VIP Profile: Hiawatha	305	(10)
The Ottawa: A Northeastern Case Study	315	(9)
Native Peoples of the Southeast	324	(34)
Geography and Environment	324	(2)
A Basic Prehistory of the Southeast	326	(6)
The Paleoindian Period (to ca. 10,000 B.P.)	326	(1)
The Archaic Period (ca. 10,000 to 3,000 B.P.)	326	(1)
The Woodland Period (ca. 3,000 to 1,000 B.P.)	327	(1)
The Mississippian Period (ca. 1,000 to 500 B.P.)	327	(1)
The Contact Period	328	(2)
Sidelight: The Development of the Seminole	330	(1)
The Impact of European Contact	331	(1)
A Brief History of Ethnographic Research	332	(1)
A Broad Portrait of Southeastern Groups	332	(26)
Political Organization	332	(1)
Social Organization	333	(2)
Economics	335	(1)
Material Culture and Technology	336	(1)
Religion	337	(1)
Southeastern Indians Today	338	(1)
The Cherokee: A Southeastern Case Study	339	(2)
VIP Profile: Sequoyah, Cherokee Leader	341	(9)
The Natchez: A Southeastern Case Study	350	(8)
Contemporary Issues	358	(11)
A Revival of Native Culture	359	(1)
Sidelight: Visiting Native North America	360	(1)
Native American Politics	360	(6)
The American Indian Movement	360	(1)
Sovereignty	361	(1)
Land Claims	362	(2)
Other Rights	364	(1)
Control of the Past	364	(1)
Gaming	364	(2)
Native American Religion	366	(1)
The Peyote Religion	366	(1)
Other Issues	366	(2)
Some General Internet Resources for Materials on Native Americans	368	(1)
Glossary	369	(3)
References and Suggested Readings	372	(25)
Index	397