Introduction to Optics and Lasers in Engineering

by Gabriel Laufer

• ISBN13: 9780521017626
• ISBN10: 0521017629
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-09-29
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press
• More Book Details

Summary

In a very short time, lasers have advanced from research interest to increasingly useful, commercially available tools for material processing, precision measurements, surgery, communication, and even entertainment. This book provides the background in theoretical physics necessary to understand engineering applications. It summarises relevant theories of geometrical optics, physical optics, quantum optics, and laser physics and ties them to applications in such areas as fluid mechanics, combustion, surface analysis, material processing and laser machining. Advanced topics such as laser Doppler velocimetry, laser-induced fluorescence, and holography are clearly and thoroughly explained. The book includes numerous examples and homework problems. A unique feature is the advanced research problems in each chapter that simulate real-world research and encourage independent reading and analysis.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Introduction	1	(2)
Radiometry	3	(8)
Introduction	3	(1)
Energy Transfer by Radiation	4	(2)
Spectral Parameters of Radiation	6	(3)
Spectral Energy Transfer	9	(2)
References	10	(1)
Geometrical Optics	11	(48)
Introduction	11	(1)
Principles of Geometrical Optics	12	(4)
Fermat's Principle	16	(6)
Reflecting Optical Elements	22	(3)
Refracting Optical Elements	25	(14)
Alternative Lenses	39	(1)
Refraction in Gases	40	(7)
Ray Transfer Matrices	47	(12)
References	53	(1)
Homework Problems	53	(4)
Research Problems	57	(2)
Maxwell's Equations	59	(28)
Introduction	59	(2)
The Electric Field	61	(8)
The Magnetic Field	69	(2)
Electrodynamics and Magnetodynamics	71	(4)
Maxwell's Equations	75	(2)
A Simple Model of Radiation	77	(4)
Boundary Conditions	81	(6)
References	84	(1)
Homework Problems	85	(1)
Research Problems	86	(1)
Properties of Electromagnetic Waves	87	(35)
Introduction	87	(1)
The Wave Equations	88	(3)
Solution of the Electric Field Wave Equation	91	(4)
The Magnetic Field Wave	95	(2)
One-Dimensional Propagation in Free Space	97	(2)
One-Dimensional Propagation in a Nonlossy Isotropic Medium	99	(5)
Superposition of Frequencies	104	(3)
The Group Velocity	107	(6)
Propagation through Isotropic Lossy Media	113	(2)
The Energy of Electromagnetic Waves	115	(7)
References	120	(1)
Homework Problems	120	(1)
Research Problem	121	(1)
Propagation and Applications of Polarized Light	122	(23)
Polarization and Radiation	122	(3)
Transmission and Reflection at Interfaces of Homogeneous and Isotropic Media	125	(5)
Propagation of Polarized Radiation through Anisotropic Media	130	(5)
The Electro-Optic Effect	135	(2)
The Photoelastic Effect	137	(2)
Ellipsometry	139	(6)
References	141	(1)
Homework Problems	142	(2)
Research Problem	144	(1)
Interference Effects and Their Applications	145	(36)
Introduction	145	(1)
Interference by Two Beams	146	(2)
Heterodyning	148	(3)
Interferometry	151	(5)
The Fabry-Perot Etalon	156	(6)
Speckle Pattern Interferometry	162	(4)
Laser Doppler Velocimetry	166	(15)
References	177	(1)
Homework Problems	178	(1)
Research Problems	179	(2)
Diffraction Effects and Their Applications	181	(39)
Introduction	181	(1)
The Diffraction Effect	182	(7)
The Diffraction Grating	189	(8)
Moire Interferometry	197	(7)
Holography	204	(16)
References	216	(1)
Homework Problems	217	(2)
Research Problems	219	(1)
Introduction to the Principles of Quantum Mechanics	220	(28)
Introduction	220	(1)
The Photoelectric Effect	221	(4)
The Momentum of Photons	225	(1)
Particles as Waves	226	(2)
The Hamiltonian	228	(2)
The Complementarity Principle	230	(1)
The Uncertainty Principle	231	(5)
The Correspondence Principle	236	(1)
The Wave Function	237	(2)
Quantum States	239	(9)
References	243	(1)
Homework Problems	244	(2)
Research Problems	246	(2)
Atomic and Molecular Energy Levels	248	(45)
Introduction	248	(1)
Bohr's Hydrogen Atom	249	(4)
Structure of the Atom	253	(9)
The Diatomic Molecule	262	(15)
Selection Rules for Single-Photon Transitions in Diatomic Molecules	277	(16)
References	288	(1)
Homework Problems	289	(2)
Research Problems	291	(2)
Radiative Transfer between Quantum States	293	(51)
Introduction	293	(2)
Spontaneous Emission	295	(2)
Natural Lifetime and Natural Broadening	297	(8)
Absorption and Stimulated Emission	305	(9)
The Statistics of Thermodynamic Equilibrium in Microscopic Systems	314	(13)
Consolidation of Einstein Coefficients and the Oscillator Strength	327	(4)
Pressure-and Temperature-Broadening Effects	331	(13)
References	339	(1)
Homework Problems	340	(2)
Research Problems	342	(2)
Spectroscopic Techniques for Thermodynamic Measurements	344	(52)
Introduction	344	(2)
Laser-Induced Fluorescence	346	(15)
Spectroscopic Techniques for Surface Temperature and Pressure Measurements	361	(8)
Rayleigh Scattering	369	(10)
Raman Scattering	379	(17)
References	390	(2)
Homework Problems	392	(2)
Research Problems	394	(2)
Optical Gain and Lasers	396	(40)
Introduction	396	(1)
Optical Gain and Loss	397	(6)
Gain in Homogeneously Broadened Laser Systems	403	(4)
Gain in Inhomogeneously Broadened Laser Systems	407	(1)
The Laser Oscillator	408	(6)
Q-Switching	414	(5)
Q-Switched Lasers for Material Processing	419	(3)
Mode-Locking	422	(14)
References	430	(1)
Homework Problems	431	(3)
Research Problems	434	(2)
Propagation of Laser Beams	436	(31)
Introduction	436	(1)
The Fundamental Mode - The Gaussian Beam	437	(12)
Transformation of a Gaussian Beam by a Lens	449	(5)
Stable and Unstable Laser Cavities	454	(13)
References	462	(1)
Homework Problems	463	(2)
Research Problems	465	(2)
Appendix A	467	(1)
Appendix B	468	(1)
Index	469