Introduction to Politics of the Developing World

by Joseph, William A.; Kesselman, Mark; Krieger, Joel

• ISBN13: 9780618214471
• ISBN10: 061821447X
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-08-04
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

This derivative of the innovative,Introduction to Comparative Politics,focuses on developing or "third world" nations, employing the same organizing framework. Country studies include China, India, Mexico, Brazil, Nigeria, and Iran. (see Kesselman et al.,Introduction to Comparative Politicsfor a full list of themes and features)

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
Introducing Politics of the Developing World	3	(26)
William A. Joseph
Mark Kesselman
Joel Krieger
The Global Challenge of Comparative Politics	5	(2)
An Uncertain World Order	5	(1)
Globalization and Comparative Politics of the Developing World	6	(1)
Making Sense of Turbulent Times	7	(1)
What---and How---Comparative Politics Compares	7	(4)
Levels of Analysis	8	(1)
Casual Theories	9	(2)
The Developing World in a World in Transition	11	(5)
Third World or Developing World?	12	(1)
The Development Gap	12	(3)
Third World States	15	(1)
Themes for Comparative Analysis	16	(7)
Theme 1: The Democratic Idea	16	(2)
Theme 2: A World of States	18	(1)
Theme 3: Governing the Economy	19	(1)
Global Connection: How Is Development Measured?	20	(2)
Theme 4: The Politics of Collective Identity	22	(1)
Organization of the Text	23	(6)
The Making of the Modern State	23	(1)
Political Economy and Development	23	(1)
Governance and Policy-Making	23	(1)
Representation and Participation	23	(2)
Politics in Transition	25	(4)
China	29	(54)
William A. Joseph
The Making of the Modern Chinese State	31	(12)
Politics in Action	31	(1)
Geographic Setting	31	(2)
Critical Junctures	33	(1)
From Empire to Republic (221 B.C.--1911 A.D)	33	(1)
Warlords, Nationalists, and Communists (1912--1949)	34	(1)
Mao in Power (1949-1976)	35	(1)
Global Connection: The Republic of China on Taiwan	36	(1)
Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of Chinese Communism (1977--1997)	37	(1)
From Revolutionary Leaders to Technocrats (1997 to the Present)	38	(1)
Themes and Implications	39	(1)
Historical Junctures and Political Themes	39	(1)
The World of States	39	(2)
Governing the Economy	41	(1)
The Democratic Idea	41	(1)
The Politics of Collective Identity	41	(1)
Implications for Comparative Politics	42	(1)
Political Economy and Development	43	(10)
State and Economy	43	(1)
The Maoist Economy	43	(1)
China Goes to Market	44	(1)
Remaking the Chinese Countryside	45	(2)
The Political Impact of Economic Reform	47	(1)
Current Challenges: China's One-Child Policy	48	(1)
Society and Economy	49	(1)
China and the International Political Economy	50	(2)
Global Connection: Hong Kong: From China to Britain---and Back Again	52	(1)
Governance and Policy-Making	53	(11)
Organization of the State	53	(1)
The Executive	54	(2)
The Chinese Communist Party	56	(2)
The Government of the PRC	58	(1)
The Bureaucracy	59	(1)
Other State Institutions	60	(1)
The Military and the Police	60	(2)
The Judiciary	62	(1)
Subnational Government	63	(1)
The Policy-Making Process	63	(1)
Representation and Participation	64	(10)
The Legislature	65	(1)
Political Parties and the Party System	65	(1)
The Chinese Communist Party	65	(1)
China's Noncommunist Parties	66	(1)
Elections	66	(1)
Political Culture, Citizenship, and Identity	67	(1)
From Communism to Consumerism	67	(2)
Citizenship and National Identity	69	(1)
China's Non-Chinese Citizens	69	(1)
Interests, Social Movements, and Protests	70	(1)
Current Challenges: Tibet and China	71	(1)
Mechanisms of Social Control	72	(1)
Protest and the Party-State	72	(2)
Chinese Politics in Transition	74	(9)
Political Challenges and Changing Agendas	74	(1)
Scenes from the Chinese Countryside	74	(1)
Economic Management, Social Tension, and Political Legitimacy	75	(1)
China and the Democratic Idea	76	(1)
Chinese Politics in Comparative Perspective	77	(1)
China as a Communist Party-State	77	(1)
China as a Third World State	78	(5)
India	83	(50)
Atul Kohli
Amrita Basu
The Making of the Modern Indian State	85	(12)
Politics in Action	85	(2)
Geographic Setting	87	(1)
Critical Junctures	87	(1)
The Colonial Legacy (1757--1947)	87	(2)
The Nationalist Movement (1885--1947)	89	(1)
Leaders: Mahatma Gandhi	90	(1)
The Nehru Era (1947--1964)	91	(1)
Leaders: The Nehru-Gandhi Dynasty	92	(1)
The Indira Gandhi Era (1966--1984)	93	(2)
Coalition Governments and the Growth of the BJP (1989 to the Present)	95	(1)
Themes and Implications	95	(1)
Historical Junctures and Political Themes	95	(1)
India in a World of States	95	(1)
Governing the Economy	95	(1)
The Democratic Idea	96	(1)
The Politics of Collective Identity	96	(1)
Implications for Comparative Politics	96	(1)
Political Economy and Development	97	(9)
State and Economy	97	(1)
The Economy Under British Rule	97	(1)
The Economy After Independence	98	(1)
Economic Liberalization	99	(2)
Reforms in Agriculture	101	(1)
Social Welfare Policy	102	(1)
Society and Economy	103	(2)
India and the International Political Economy	105	(1)
Institutional Intricacies: The Caste System	105	(1)
Governance and Policy-Making	106	(8)
Organization of the State	106	(1)
The Executive	107	(1)
The President and the Prime Minister	107	(1)
The Cabinet	108	(1)
The Bureaucracy	108	(1)
Other State Institutions	109	(1)
The Military and the Police	109	(1)
The Judiciary	109	(1)
Subnational Government	110	(1)
Institutional Intricacies: The Executive Versus the Judiciary	111	(2)
The Policy-Making Process	113	(1)
Representation and Participation	114	(11)
The Legislature	114	(2)
Political Parties and the Party System	116	(1)
The Congress Party	116	(1)
The Janata Party	117	(1)
The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	118	(2)
The Communist Party of India (CPM)	120	(1)
Elections	120	(1)
Political Culture, Citizenship, and Identity	121	(1)
Interests, Social Movements, and Protest	122	(3)
Indian Politics in Transition	125	(8)
Political Challenges and Changing Agendas	125	(1)
Kashmir Within a World of States	125	(1)
The Effects of September 11	126	(1)
Nuclear Power Status	127	(1)
Civil Liberties	127	(1)
The Challenge of Ethnic Diversity	128	(1)
Economic Performance	128	(1)
Indian Politics in Comparative Perspective	129	(4)
Mexico	133	(50)
Merilee S. Grindle
The Making of the Modern Mexican State	135	(12)
Politics in Action	135	(1)
Geographic Setting	136	(1)
Critical Junctures	136	(1)
Independence and Instability (1810--1876)	137	(1)
The Porfiriato (1876--1911)	138	(1)
Global Connection: Conquest or Encounter?	139	(1)
The Revolution of 1910 and the Sonoran Dynasty (1910--1934)	140	(1)
Lazaro Cardenas, Agrarian Reform, and the Workers (1934--1940)	141	(1)
The Politics of Rapid Development (1940--1982)	142	(1)
Crisis and Reform (1982 to the Present)	143	(1)
Citizen Action: Rebellion in Chiapas	144	(1)
Themes and Implications	145	(1)
Historical Junctures and Political Themes	145	(1)
Implications for Comparative Politics	146	(1)
Political Economy and Development	147	(10)
State and Economy	147	(1)
Import Substitution and Its Consequences	147	(4)
Sowing the Oil and Reaping a Crisis	151	(2)
New Strategies and Democratic Institutions	153	(1)
Society and Economy	153	(2)
Mexico and the International Political Economy	155	(1)
Global Connection: NAFTA and Beyond	156	(1)
Governance and Policy-Making	157	(7)
Organization of the State	157	(1)
The Executive	158	(1)
The President and the Cabinet	158	(1)
Leaders: Vicente Fox Quesada	159	(2)
The Bureaucracy	161	(1)
The Para-Statal Sector	161	(1)
Other State Institutions	162	(1)
The Military	162	(1)
The Judiciary	162	(1)
Subnational Government	163	(1)
The Policy-Making Process	164	(1)
Representation and Participation	164	(12)
The Legislature	165	(1)
Political Parties and the Party System	166	(1)
The PRI	167	(1)
The PAN	168	(2)
The PRD	170	(1)
Other Parties	171	(1)
Elections	171	(1)
Political Culture, Citizenship, and Identity	172	(1)
Interests, Social Movements, and Protests	173	(2)
Citizen Action: Urban Popular Movements	175	(1)
Mexican Politics in Transition	176	(7)
Political Challenges and Changing Agendas	176	(2)
Current Challenges: Human Rights in Mexico	178	(1)
Mexican Politics in Comparative Perspective	179	(4)
Brazil	183	(56)
Alfred P. Montero
The Making of the Modern Brazilian State	185	(12)
Politics in Action	185	(1)
Geographic Setting	185	(2)
Critical Junctures	187	(1)
The Brazilian Empire (1822--1889)	187	(1)
The Old Republic (1889--1930)	188	(1)
The 1930 Revolution	189	(1)
Leaders: Getulio Dornelles Vargas	190	(1)
The Populist Republic (1945--1964)	191	(2)
The Rise of Bureaucratic Authoritarianism (1964--1985)	193	(1)
The Transition to Democracy and the First Civilian Governments (1974--2002)	193	(2)
Themes and Implications	195	(1)
Historical Junctures and Political Themes	195	(2)
Implications for Comparative Politics	197	(1)
Political Economy and Development	197	(13)
State and Economy	198	(2)
The Environmental Costs of State-Led Growth	200	(1)
The Fiscal System	201	(1)
The Problem of Inflation	202	(1)
Society and Economy	203	(1)
The Welfare System	204	(1)
Agrarian Reform	205	(1)
Brazil and the International Political Economy	206	(3)
Global Connection: Governing the Economy in a World of States: MERCOSUL	209	(1)
Governance and Policy-Making	210	(8)
Organization of the State	210	(1)
The Executive	211	(1)
The Bureaucracy: State and Semipublic Firms	212	(2)
The Military and the Police	214	(1)
Other State Institutions	215	(1)
The Judiciary	215	(1)
Subnational Government	216	(1)
The Policy-Making Process	217	(1)
Representation and Participation	218	(12)
The Legislature	219	(1)
Political Parties and the Party System	220	(1)
Institutional Intricacies: Proportional Representation	221	(2)
Citizen Action: The Workers' Party	223	(1)
Elections	224	(1)
Political Culture, Citizenship, and Identity	225	(3)
Interests, Social Movements, and Protest	228	(2)
Brazilian Politics in Transition	230	(9)
Political Challenges and Changing Agendas	230	(3)
Brazilian Politics in Comparative Perspective	233	(6)
Nigeria	239	(58)
Darren Kew
Peter Lewis
The Making of the Modern Nigerian State	241	(13)
Politics in Action	241	(1)
Geographic Setting	242	(1)
Critical Junctures	242	(1)
The Precolonial Period (800--1900)	243	(3)
Colonial Rule and Its Impact (1860--1945)	246	(1)
Divisive Identities: Ethnic Politics Under Colonialism (1945--1960)	246	(1)
The First Republic (1960--1966)	247	(1)
Civil War and Military Rule (1966--1979)	248	(1)
The Second and Third Republics, and Predatory Military Rule (1979--1999)	248	(1)
The Fourth Republic (1999 to the Present)	249	(2)
Themes and Implications	251	(1)
Historical Junctures and Political Themes	251	(1)
Nigeria in the World of States: Oil Dependence and Decline	251	(1)
Governing Nigeria's Economy	251	(1)
Democratic Ideas Amid Colonialism and Military Rule	252	(1)
Nigeria's Fragile Collective Identity	252	(1)
Implications for Comparative Politics	253	(1)
Political Economy and Development	254	(12)
State and Economy	254	(1)
Origins of Economic Decline	254	(1)
From 1985 to the Present: Deepening Economic Crisis and the Search for Solutions	255	(1)
Structural Adjustment	255	(2)
Global Connection: Structural Adjustment Programs	257	(1)
Economic Planning	258	(1)
Social Welfare	258	(1)
Current Challenges: Vision 2010	259	(2)
Society and Economy	261	(1)
Ethnic and Religious Cleavages	261	(2)
Gender Differences	263	(1)
Nigeria and the International Political Economy	263	(1)
Nigeria and the Regional Political Economy	264	(1)
Nigeria and the Political Economy of the West	264	(2)
Governance and Policy-Making	266	(12)
Organization of the State	266	(1)
The National Question and Constitutional Governance	266	(1)
Federalism and State Structure	267	(1)
The Executive	267	(1)
Evolution of the Executive Function	267	(1)
Current Challenges: Nigeria's Federal Character	268	(1)
The Executive Under Military Rule	268	(1)
Current Challenges: Federalism in Nigeria	269	(1)
The Obasanjo Administration	270	(1)
The Bureaucracy	271	(1)
Para-statals	271	(1)
Current Challenges: Prebendalism	271	(1)
Other State Institutions	272	(1)
The Judiciary	272	(1)
State and Local Judiciaries	273	(1)
State and Local Government	273	(3)
The Policy-Making Process	276	(2)
Representation and Participation	278	(10)
The Legislature	278	(2)
The Party System and Elections	280	(1)
New Alignments: Abacha's Ambition and Abubakar's Promise	281	(4)
Political Culture, Citizenship, and Identity	285	(1)
Modernity Versus Traditionalism	285	(1)
Religion	285	(1)
The Press	286	(1)
Interests, Social Movements, and Protests	286	(1)
Labor	286	(1)
The Business Community	287	(1)
Other Social Groups	287	(1)
Nigerian Politics in Transition	288	(9)
Political Challenges and Changing Agendas	289	(2)
Nigerian Politics in Comparative Perspective	291	(1)
A World of States	291	(1)
Governing the Economy	292	(1)
The Democratic Idea	292	(1)
Collective Identities	293	(4)
Iran	297	(2)
Ervand Abrahamian
The Making of the Modern Iranian State	299	(15)
Politics in Action	299	(1)
Geographic Setting	300	(1)
Critical Junctures	301	(1)
The Safavids (1501--1722)	301	(1)
Background: Islam and Shi'ism	302	(1)
The Qajars (1794--1925)	303	(2)
The Pahlavis (1925--1979)	305	(2)
The Islamic Revolution (1979)	307	(1)
Leaders: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini	308	(1)
The Islamic Republic (1979 to the Present)	309	(2)
Themes and Implications	311	(1)
Historical Junctures and Political Themes	311	(2)
Implications for Comparative Politics	313	(1)
Political Economy and Development	314	(7)
State and Economy	314	(1)
The Economy in the Nineteenth Century	314	(1)
The Oil Economy	315	(1)
Society and Economy	315	(4)
Iran and the International Political Economy	319	(1)
Under the Shah	319	(1)
The Islamic Republic	319	(2)
Governance and Policy-Making	321	(9)
Organization of the State	322	(1)
The Supreme Leader	322	(1)
The Executive	323	(1)
The President and the Cabinet	323	(2)
Leaders: Ayatollah Ali Khamenei	325	(1)
The Bureaucracy	325	(1)
Semipublic Institutions	325	(1)
Leaders: Sayyid Muhammad Khatami	326	(1)
Other State Institutions	326	(1)
The Military	326	(1)
The Judiciary	326	(1)
Leaders: Hojjat al-Islam Ali-Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani Ali-Akbar	327	(1)
Subnational Government	327	(1)
The Policy-Making Process	328	(2)
Representation and Participation	330	(10)
The Legislature	330	(1)
Political Parties and the Party System	331	(1)
Elections	331	(1)
The First Majles (1980)	332	(1)
The Second Majles (1984)	333	(1)
The Third (1988), Fourth (1992), and Fifth (1996) Maileses	334	(2)
The Sixth Majles (2000)	336	(1)
Political Culture, Citizenship, and Identity	337	(1)
Interests, Social Movements, and Protests	338	(2)
Iranian Politics in Transition	340	(1)
Political Challenges and Changing Agendas	340	(2)
Iranian Politics in Comparative Perspective	342
Glossary	1	(8)
About the Editors and Contributors	9	(2)
Index	11