Introduction to Rhetorical Communication

by Mccroskey; James C

• ISBN13: 9780205453511
• ISBN10: 0205453511
• Edition: 9th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-06-10
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

An Introduction to Rhetorical Communicationoffers a true integration of rhetorical theory and social science approaches to public communication. This highly successful text guides students through message planning and presentation in an easy step-by-step process.An Introduction to Rhetorical Communicationprovides students with a solid grounding in the rhetorical tradition and the basis for developing effective messages.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
PART I Getting Started	1	(60)
A Rhetorical Tradition	3	(16)
Earliest Writings	4	(1)
The Greek Period	4	(5)
The Roman Period	9	(2)
Third Century A.D. to the Renaissance	11	(1)
The Renaissance	11	(1)
The Colonial Period	12	(2)
The Twentieth Century	14	(2)
History in Perspective	16	(1)
Discussion Questions	17	(1)
Notes	18	(1)
The Nature of Rhetorical Communication	19	(20)
The Meaning of Rhetorical Communication	20	(2)
Models of the Communication Process	22	(6)
Interpersonal Communication Model	28	(1)
Some Important Distinctions	29	(2)
Misconceptions About Communication	31	(4)
The Goals of Rhetorical Communication	35	(1)
Listening	36	(1)
Discussion Questions	37	(1)
Notes	38	(1)
Stage Fright: A Normal Problem	39	(22)
A Normal Problem	39	(2)
Communication Apprehension	41	(4)
Causes of Stage Fright	45	(8)
Effects of Stage Fright	53	(3)
Controlling Stage Fright	56	(2)
A Final Word	58	(1)
Discussion Questions	58	(1)
Notes	59	(2)
PART II Basic Theory	61	(102)
The Nature of the Receiver: Attitude Formation and Change	63	(19)
The Nature of Attitudes	63	(4)
Attitudes and Beliefs	67	(2)
Attitude Formation	69	(2)
The Persistence of Attitudes	71	(1)
Attitude Consistency and Attitude Change	72	(3)
Message Discrepancy and Attitude Change	75	(2)
Retention of Attitude Change	77	(2)
Rhetorical Thought	79	(1)
Discussion Questions	80	(1)
Notes	81	(1)
Ethos: A Dominant Factor in Rhetorical Communication	82	(26)
Ethos Defined	82	(2)
The Dimensions of Source Credibility	84	(3)
The Effect of Initial Source Credibility	87	(3)
Initial Source Credibility and Learning	90	(1)
Derived Source Credibility	90	(4)
Terminal Source Credibility	94	(2)
Long-Term Effect of Source Credibility	96	(1)
Interpersonal Attraction	97	(2)
Homophily	99	(2)
Temperament	101	(1)
Power and Ethos	102	(1)
Discussion Questions	103	(1)
Notes	104	(4)
The Nature of Persuasive Argument	108	(24)
A Psychological Model of Argument	109	(4)
The Types of Claims	113	(1)
The Types of Warrants	114	(9)
Verification of Warrants	123	(1)
The Types of Data	124	(4)
Options Regarding Reservations	128	(2)
Discussion Questions	130	(1)
Notes	131	(1)
Nonverbal Communication	132	(14)
The Importance of Nonverbal Messages	133	(2)
Proxemics	135	(1)
Chronemics	136	(2)
Oculesics	138	(1)
Haptics	139	(1)
Kinesics	140	(2)
Objectics	142	(1)
Vocalics	143	(1)
Discussion Questions	144	(1)
Notes	144	(2)
Diversity and Culture	146	(17)
Cultural Sensitivity	147	(1)
Culture	148	(1)
On Becoming Enculturated	149	(1)
Culture as Communication Context	150	(1)
Xenophobia and Ethnocentrism	151	(7)
The Ethnocentrism Continuum	158	(1)
Improving Rhetorical Communication Across Cultures	159	(2)
Discussion Questions	161	(1)
Notes	162	(1)
PART III Message Preparation and Presentation	163	(126)
Message Preparation: Preliminary Considerations	165	(12)
Selection of a Topic	165	(1)
Selection of a Purpose	166	(2)
General Audience Analysis	168	(3)
Channels and Forms for Presentation of Messages	171	(3)
Selection of Source for Presentation	174	(1)
Perception of the Possible	174	(1)
Discussion Questions	175	(1)
Notes	176	(1)
Informative Messages	177	(13)
Persuasive Versus Informative Intent	177	(1)
Pseudo-Informative Messages	178	(1)
The Goodwill Informative Message	179	(1)
The Motivation to Inform	179	(1)
Understanding and Belief	180	(1)
Understanding: Determining the Informative Goal	181	(2)
Characteristics of Informative Messages	183	(1)
The Materials for Informative Messages	183	(3)
Visual Aids in Informative Communication	186	(3)
Discussion Questions	189	(1)
Notes	189	(1)
Message Preparation: Invention	190	(25)
Invention Defined	190	(1)
The Basic Plan	191	(1)
The Generation of Argument	192	(1)
Determination of Needed Arguments	192	(4)
Audience Analysis	196	(1)
Inoculation and Reservations	197	(1)
Topoi and the Generation of Argument	197	(2)
The Aristotelian Topoi of Good and Evil	199	(1)
Topoi of Policy Argument: Stock Issues	199	(2)
The Towne Public Policy Topoi	201	(1)
The Topoi of Fear and Pleasure	201	(1)
The Topoi of American Values	202	(3)
Using Topoi in Invention	205	(1)
Securing Data for Argument	205	(2)
Tests of Evidence	207	(3)
How to Obtain Evidence	210	(2)
Recording Evidence	212	(1)
Discussion Questions	213	(1)
Notes	213	(2)
Message Preparation: Disposition	215	(18)
Selecting	215	(1)
Apportioning	216	(1)
Arranging	217	(7)
Invention and Disposition: The Siamese Twins	224	(2)
Research on Arrangement	226	(3)
Outlining the Message	229	(2)
Discussion Questions	231	(1)
Notes	231	(2)
Message Preparation: Style	233	(18)
The Function of Style	233	(1)
Characteristics of Good Style	234	(2)
Differences in Oral and Written Style	236	(1)
Factors of Attention and Interest	237	(4)
Suggestion	241	(1)
Satire and Humor	242	(1)
Controlling Message Discrepancy Through Style	243	(1)
Distortion and Prior Knowledge of Source's Attitude	244	(3)
Style, Power, and Behavioral Alteration Messages	247	(2)
Discussion Questions	249	(1)
Notes	249	(2)
Introducing and Concluding Messages in Rhetorical Communication	251	(18)
Introductions	251	(2)
The Problem of Forewarning	253	(8)
Conclusions	261	(6)
Discussion Questions	267	(1)
Notes	267	(2)
Message Presentation: Oral Delivery	269	(20)
The Effect of Delivery on Attitude Change	270	(1)
The Effect of Delivery on Comprehension of Content	271	(1)
The Effect of Delivery on Ethos	271	(2)
The Nature of Good Delivery	273	(3)
Nervousness and Delivery	276	(1)
Elements of Good Delivery	277	(7)
Using Notes	284	(2)
How to Achieve Good Delivery	286	(1)
Discussion Questions	287	(1)
Notes	287	(2)
PART IV Rhetorical Communication and Society	289	(16)
Ethics and Rhetorical Communication	291	(14)
The Ethics of Means or of Ends	291	(3)
An Ethic Based on Intent Toward the Audience	294	(1)
Ethics and Ethical Proof	295	(1)
Persuasion and Coercion	296	(1)
Amoral Versus Moral Approaches to the Ethics of Rhetorical Communication	296	(4)
Ethical Obligations in a Free Society	300	(1)
The Difficulty of Exercising Ethical Obligations in a Free Society	301	(2)
A Final Word on Ethics	303	(1)
Discussion Questions	303	(1)
Notes	304	(1)
Appendix Sample Speeches	305	(22)
Declaration of War Address, Franklin Delano Roosevelt	305	(1)
Inaugural Address, John F. Kennedy	306	(3)
The Proposed Basketball Rule Changes, Anonymous	309	(2)
Remarks at a Ceremony Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of Pearl Harbor, George H. W. Bush	311	(3)
Remarks to the World Health Organization Forum on Women and Health Security, Hillary Rodham Clinton	314	(4)
Winning the Cultural War, Charlton Heston	318	(5)
Address to the Republican National Convention, Zell Miller	323	(4)
Name Index	327	(4)
Subject Index	331