Introduction to Security

by Ortmeier, P. J.

• ISBN13: 9780135129272
• ISBN10: 0135129273
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-01-23
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Introduction to Security: Operations and Management, Third Edition, balances introductory protection concepts with security management principles and practices. The text is ideal for Introduction to Security or Security Management courses or may be used as a reference by security practitioners. Book jacket.

Author Biography

P.J. Ortmeier holds bachelors and masters degrees in Criminal Justice and a Ph.D. in Educational Leadership with an emphasis in Public Safety Training and Development.  He is a U.S. Army veteran and a former police officer.  Dr. Ortmeier developed and implemented numerous courses and degree programs in law enforcement, corrections, security, criminal justice, and public safety.

 

Currently, Dr. Ortmeier is the Coordinator of the 1400-student Administration of Justice Department at Grossmont College, located in the San Diego suburb of El Cajon, California.  He also holds teaching positions at California State University, San Marcos, The Union Institute and University, and Webster University in San Diego.

 

Dr. Ortmeier is the author of  Introduction to Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, Policing the Community: A Guide for Patrol Operations, Public Safety and Security Administration and Security Management:  An Introduction as well as several articles appearing in journals such as The Police Chief, The Law Enforcement Executive Forum, California Security, Police and Security News, and Security Management.  Dr. Ortmeier’s publications focus on law enforcement, criminal justice, professional career education, management, leadership, community policing, security administration, and competency development for public safety personnel.  With Edwin Meese III, former Attorney General of the United States, Dr. Ortmeier co-authored Leadership, Ethics, and Policing:  Challenges for the 21^st Century.

 

Dr. Ortmeier is a member of the American Society for Criminology, the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, the Western and Pacific Association of Criminal Justice Educators, the California Association of Administration of Justice Educators, and the American Society for Industrial Security.  His current interests include homeland defense and the development of leadership skills and career education pathways for law enforcement and other public safety professionals.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xii
Organization of the Book	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
About the Author	p. xiv
Introduction: Security's Role in Society	p. 1
History and Overview	p. 3
Learning Objectives	p. 3
The Context for Security	p. 4
Theoretical Foundation	p. 4
Defining Security's Role	p. 5
Security's Impact	p. 5
The Contemporary Security Environment	p. 7
Security: A Brief History	p. 8
Ancient Traditions	p. 8
English Common Law	p. 8
The American Experience	p. 10
Private Police and Public Law Enforcement	p. 14
Security: Essential Functions	p. 17
Security Organizations	p. 19
Contract Security Services	p. 19
Proprietary Security	p. 21
Hybrid Security Organizations	p. 21
The Virtual Security Organization	p. 22
Roles of the Security Manager	p. 22
Regulation of the Security Industry	p. 23
Professional Certification and Education Programs	p. 27
Summary	p. 28
Key Terms	p. 29
Discussion Questions and Exercises	p. 30
Case Study: Law Enforcement-Security Partnerships	p. 30
Threats to Safety and Security	p. 31
Learning Objectives	p. 31
Introduction	p. 32
Accidents	p. 32
Human Error	p. 33
The Threat from Fire	p. 33
Natural Disasters	p. 35
Environmental Disasters	p. 35
Civil Liability	p. 36
Substance Abuse	p. 37
Civil Disorder	p. 40
Crime	p. 41
Scope of Crime	p. 42
Economic Crime	p. 44
Organized Crime	p. 48
Street Crime	p. 49
Terrorism	p. 50
Victimless Crime	p. 50
Workplace Violence	p. 50
Causes of Crime and Prevention Strategies	p. 51
Summary	p. 53
Key Terms	p. 54
Discussion Questions and Exercises	p. 54
Case Study: Analyzing Crime Trends	p. 55
Legal Aspects of Security	p. 56
Learning Objectives	p. 56
Introduction	p. 57
Judicial Systems	p. 57
Burden and Degrees of Proof	p. 61
The Judicial Process	p. 62
Criminal Cases	p. 62
Civil Cases	p. 64
Tort Law	p. 65
Contract Law	p. 67
Administrative Law	p. 70
Property Law	p. 71
Employment Law	p. 73
Criminal Law	p. 74
Sources, Definitions, and Classifications of Crime	p. 74
Specific Crimes	p. 75
Preliminary (Preparatory) Crimes	p. 76
Crimes against Property	p. 76
Crimes against Persons	p. 77
Obstruction of Justice	p. 78
Crimes against Children	p. 79
Sex Crimes	p. 79
Controlled Substance Crimes	p. 79
Liquor Law Violations	p. 79
Driving under the Influence	p. 79
Weapons Violations	p. 79
Crimes against the Public Peace	p. 79
Laws of Arrest	p. 80
Evidence Law	p. 82
Search and Seizure	p. 83
Courtroom Presentation	p. 85
Attitude	p. 85
Appearance	p. 85
Demeanor	p. 86
Testimonial Technique	p. 86
Summary	p. 87
Key Terms	p. 88
Discussion Questions and Exercises	p. 88
Case Study: Legal Research and Writing	p. 89
Security Operations: Essential Functions	p. 91
Physical Security: Structural, Electronic, and Human Protection Systems	p. 93
Learning Objectives	p. 93
Introduction	p. 94
Basics of Defense and Levels of Protection	p. 94
Perimeter Controls	p. 95
Building Exteriors and Interiors	p. 96
Lighting	p. 97
Fences	p. 98
Locks	p. 99
Other Access Controls	p. 102
Visual Assessment and Surveillance Systems	p. 104
Alarm Systems	p. 106
Alarm System Management	p. 109
Fire Prevention and Protection	p. 112
Fire Prevention	p. 112
Fire Protection Systems	p. 114
Human Protection Systems	p. 116
Summary	p. 117
Key Terms	p. 117
Discussion Questions and Exercises	p. 118
Case Study: Physical Security	p. 118
Personnel Security Through Leadership and Ethics	p. 119
Learning Objectives	p. 119
Introduction	p. 120
Personnel Recruitment and Selection	p. 120
Recuritment	p. 120
Selection	p. 121
Negligent Hiring and Retention	p. 126
Personnel Management	p. 127
Training and Scheduling	p. 127
Supervision and Leadership	p. 128
Motivation and Management	p. 132
Behavioral Assumptions and Leadership Style	p. 133
Performance Appraisal	p. 138
Promotion	p. 139
Discipline	p. 139
Human Resource Policies and Procedures	p. 140
Employer-Employee Relations Laws	p. 141
Employee Retention	p. 143
Personnel Integrity	p. 144
ASIS International Code of Ethics
Summary	p. 148
Key Terms	p. 149
Discussion Questions and Exercises	p. 149
Case Study: Ethical Leadership	p. 150
Information and Computer Security	p. 151
Learning Objectives	p. 151
Introduction	p. 152
INFOSEC Risk Assessment and Analysis	p. 153
Information Protection Strategies	p. 154
Communications Security	p. 160
Computer Security	p. 162
Threats to Computers	p. 162
Computer Protection Strategies	p. 167
Summary	p. 169
Key Terms	p. 170
Discussion Questions and Exercises	p. 171
Case Study: Preventing Cybercrime	p. 171
Security Management	p. 173
Risk Assessment, Security Surveys, and Planning	p. 175
Learning Objectives	p. 175
Introduction	p. 176
The Concept of Risk	p. 176
Risk Defined	p. 176
Types of Risk	p. 176
Risk Assessment and Management Techniques	p. 177
Elimination, Reduction, Mitigation	p. 178
Vulnerability, Probability, Criticality	p. 178
Risk Assessment and the Security Survey	p. 180
Planning and Budgeting	p. 183
Plan Types and Elements	p. 183
Budgeting	p. 186
Selling the Plan	p. 189
Contingency Planning	p. 190
Disaster and Emergency Planning	p. 191
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design	p. 193
Summary	p. 195
Key Terms	p. 196
Discussion Questions and Exercises	p. 197
Case Study: Planning	p. 197
Program Implementation and Administration	p. 198
Learning Objectives	p. 198
Introduction	p. 199
The Administrative Process	p. 199
Public Versus Private Administration	p. 199
Principles of Organization and Management	p. 200
Ethical Leadership	p. 204
Staffing	p. 204
Workforce Planning	p. 205
Training and Education	p. 208
Teaching and Learning Strategies	p. 211
Educational Program Development	p. 211
Equipment, Facilities, Supplies, and Maintenance	p. 214
Policies and Procedures	p. 215
Contract Services (Outsourcing)	p. 218
Evaluation (Assessment)	p. 219
Performance Measurements	p. 219
Quality Assurance	p. 221
Summary	p. 224
Key Terms	p. 224
Discussion Questions and Exercises	p. 225
Case Study: Security Program Evaluation	p. 225
Investigations, Intelligence Operations, and Reporting	p. 226
Learning Objectives	p. 226
Introduction	p. 227
Investigations	p. 227
The Basics	p. 227
Types of Investigations	p. 227
Human Resource Investigations	p. 228
Personal Injury and Property Damage Investigations	p. 230
Criminal Investigations	p. 230
Business Crime Investigations	p. 232
Information Gathering and Analysis	p. 235
Role of Forensic Science	p. 237
Impermissible Investigative Conduct	p. 238
Intelligence Operations	p. 242
Business Intelligence	p. 242
Criminal Intelligence	p. 244
National Intelligence	p. 244
Counterespionage	p. 244
Reporting	p. 247
Documentation Methods	p. 247
Notes	p. 247
Reports	p. 248
General Writing Principles	p. 248
Summary	p. 250
Key Terms	p. 251
Discussion Questions and Exercises	p. 251
Case Study: Investigating With Online Resources	p. 252
Security Applications and Solutions	p. 253
Institutional Security, Disaster Recovery, and Executive Protection	p. 255
Learning Objectives	p. 255
Introduction	p. 256
Banking and Financial Institution Security	p. 256
Computer Security	p. 257
Contract Services	p. 257
Courthouse and Courtroom Security	p. 257
Disaster Recovery	p. 258
Educational Institution Security	p. 260
Schools	p. 260
Colleges and Universities	p. 266
Entertainment Security	p. 268
Executive Protection	p. 272
Healthcare Security	p. 273
Hospitality Security	p. 276
Summary	p. 278
Key Terms	p. 279
Discussion Questions and Exercises	p. 279
Case Study: The Virginia Tech Incident	p. 279
Industrial Security, Retail Loss Prevention, and Workplace Violence	p. 281
Learning Objectives	p. 281
Introduction	p. 282
Industrial Security	p. 282
Library and Museum Security	p. 282
Office Building Security	p. 284
Privatization of Public Services	p. 286
Residential Security	p. 287
Retail Loss Prevention	p. 288
Introduction	p. 288
Internal Theft	p. 289
External Sources of Loss	p. 290
Workplace Violence Prevention	p. 293
Zoo and Aquarium Security	p. 297
Summary	p. 300
Key Terms	p. 300
Discussion Questions and Exercises	p. 300
Case Study: Workplace Violence	p. 301
Homeland Security: Confronting Terrorism and Domestic Threats	p. 302
Learning Objectives	p. 302
Introduction	p. 303
Homeland Security: A Historical Perspective	p. 303
Terrorism	p. 304
Bombs, Bomb Threats, and Weapons of Mass Destruction	p. 308
Nuclear Weapons	p. 309
Biological Weapons	p. 310
Chemical Weapons	p. 310
Radiological Weapons	p. 310
Natural Disasters	p. 310
Environmental Disasters	p. 312
Government Security	p. 314
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS)	p. 316
DHS Components	p. 318
Office of the Secretary (DHS)	p. 319
Advisory Panels and Committees	p. 320
The 9/11 Commission	p. 321
Airline and Airport Security	p. 323
Transportation and Cargo Security	p. 329
Trucking Industry Security	p. 331
Railroad Security	p. 332
Maritime Security	p. 332
Critical Infrastructure and Utility Security	p. 333
Summary	p. 337
Key Terms	p. 337
Discussion Questions and Exercises	p. 338
Case Study: Responding to a Catastrophe	p. 338
Trends and Challenges	p. 339
Career Opportunities	p. 341
Learning Objectives	p. 341
Introduction	p. 342
Career Preparation	p. 342
Resume Preparation Do's	p. 343
Resume Preparation Don'ts	p. 343
Career Opportunities	p. 344
Airport/Airline Security	p. 345
Banking/Financial Services Security	p. 345
Contract Services	p. 345
Computer/Information Security	p. 346
Casino/Gaming Security	p. 346
Chief Security Officer	p. 346
Educational Institution Security	p. 347
Healthcare Security	p. 347
Hospitality Security	p. 347
Industrial Security	p. 347
Investigations	p. 348
Museum and Library Security	p. 348
Residential/Commercial Real Estate Security	p. 348
Retail Loss Prevention	p. 349
Security Sales and Service	p. 349
Systems Design and Engineering	p. 349
Transportation Security	p. 349
Utility Security	p. 350
Summary	p. 350
Key Terms	p. 350
Discussion Questions and Exercises	p. 350
Case Study: Careers in Security	p. 351
The Future	p. 352
Learning Objectives	p. 352
Introduction	p. 353
The Future of Security: Growth and Challenges	p. 353
Impact of Globalization	p. 354
Legislative Trends in Security	p. 358
Terrorism	p. 359
The Global Landscape in 2020	p. 361
New Global Players	p. 362
New Challenges to Governance	p. 363
Pervasive Insecurity	p. 365
Transmuting International Terrorism	p. 366
Policy Implications	p. 367
Summary	p. 368
Key Terms	p. 369
Discussion Questions and Exercises	p. 369
Case Study: The Big Picture	p. 369
Glossary	p. 370
Correlation of ASIS International Syllabus for Introduction to Security for Business Students with Introduction to Security: Operations and Management, 3rd edition	p. 386
Safety and Security Survey Instrument	p. 387
References	p. 398
Index	p. 413
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