Introductory Circuit Analysis

by Boylestad, Robert L.

• ISBN13: 9780131730441
• ISBN10: 0131730444
• Edition: 11th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

THEmost widely acclaimed introduction to circuit analysis for more than three decades. Features exceptionally clear explanations and descriptions, step-by-step examples, more than 50 practical applications, over 2000 easy-to-challenging practice problems, and comprehensive coverage of essentials. PSpice, OrCAd version 9.2 Lite Edition, Multisims 2001 version of Electronics Workbench, and MathCad software references and examples are used throughout. Computer programs (C++, BASIC and PSpice) are printed in color, as they run, at the point in the book where they are discussed. Current and Voltage. Resistance. Ohm's Law, Power, and Energy. Series Circuits. Parallel Circuits. Series-Parallel Networks. Methods of Analysis & Selected Topics. Network Theorems. Capacitors. Magnetic Circuits. Inductors. Sinusodial Alternating Waveforms. The Basic Elements and Phasors. Series and Parallel ac Circuits. Series-Parallel ac Networks. Methods of Analysis and Related Topics. Network Theorems (ac). Power (ac). Resonance. Transformers. Polyphase Systems. Decibels, Filters, and Bode Points. Pulse Waveforms and the R-C Response. Nonsinusodial Circuits. System Analysis: An Introduction. For those working in electronic technology.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(32)
The Electrical/Electronics Industry	1	(1)
A Brief History	2	(5)
Units of Measurement	7	(1)
Systems of Units	8	(3)
Significant Figures, Accuracy, and Rounding Off	11	(1)
Powers of Ten	12	(4)
Fixed-Point, Floating-Point, Scientific, and Engineering Notation	16	(2)
Conversion between Levels of Powers of Ten	18	(1)
Conversion within and between Systems of Units	19	(3)
Symbols	22	(1)
Conversion Tables	22	(1)
Calculators	23	(3)
Computer Analysis	26	(7)
Voltage and Current	33	(30)
Introduction	33	(1)
Atoms and Their Structure	33	(2)
Voltage	35	(3)
Current	38	(3)
Voltage Sources	41	(7)
Ampere-Hour Rating	48	(1)
Battery Life Factors	49	(2)
Conductors and Insulators	51	(1)
Semiconductors	52	(1)
Ammeters and Voltmeters	53	(1)
Applications	54	(5)
Computer Analysis	59	(4)
Resistance	63	(38)
Introduction	63	(1)
Resistance: Circular Wires	64	(3)
Wire Tables	67	(2)
Resistance: Metric Units	69	(2)
Temperature Effects	71	(4)
Superconductors	75	(3)
Types of Resistors	78	(4)
Color Coding and Standard Resistor Values	82	(4)
Conductance	86	(1)
Ohmmeters	87	(1)
Thermistors	88	(1)
Photoconductive Cell	89	(1)
Varistors	89	(1)
Applications	90	(5)
Mathcad	95	(6)
Ohm's Law, Power, and Energy	101	(30)
Introduction	101	(1)
Ohm's Law	101	(3)
Plotting Ohm's Law	104	(2)
Power	106	(2)
Energy	108	(4)
Efficiency	112	(3)
Circuit Breakers, GFCIs, and Fuses	115	(1)
Applications	116	(4)
Computer Analysis	120	(11)
Series dc Circuits	131	(54)
Introduction	131	(1)
Series Resistors	132	(2)
Series Circuits	134	(6)
Power Distribution in a Series Circuit	140	(1)
Voltage Sources in Series	141	(2)
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law	143	(4)
Voltage Division in a Series Circuit	147	(4)
Interchanging Series Elements	151	(1)
Notation	151	(5)
Voltage Regulation and the Internal Resistance of Voltage Sources	156	(5)
Loading Effects of Instruments	161	(1)
Protoboards (Breadboards)	162	(2)
Applications	164	(4)
Computer Analysis	168	(17)
Parallel dc Circuits	185	(58)
Introduction	185	(1)
Parallel Resistors	185	(10)
Parallel Circuits	195	(6)
Power Distribution in a Parallel Circuit	201	(2)
Kirchhoff's Current Law	203	(5)
Current Divider Rule	208	(5)
Voltage Sources in Parallel	213	(1)
Open and Short Circuits	214	(4)
Voltmeter Loading Effects	218	(2)
Summary Table	220	(1)
Troubleshooting Techniques	221	(1)
Protoboards (Breadboards)	222	(1)
Applications	223	(5)
Computer Analysis	228	(15)
Series-Parallel Circuits	243	(40)
Introduction	243	(1)
Series-Parallel Networks	243	(1)
Reduce and Return Approach	244	(4)
Block Diagram Approach	248	(3)
Descriptive Examples	251	(7)
Ladder Networks	258	(3)
Voltage Divider Supply (Unloaded and Loaded)	261	(3)
Potentiometer Loading	264	(2)
Ammeter, Voltmeter, and Ohmmeter Design	266	(3)
Applications	269	(4)
Computer Analysis	273	(10)
Methods of Analysis and Selected Topics (dc)	283	(62)
Introduction	283	(1)
Current Sources	283	(2)
Source Conversions	285	(2)
Current Sources in Parallel	287	(2)
Current Sources in Series	289	(1)
Branch-Current Analysis	289	(6)
Mesh Analysis (General Approach)	295	(6)
Mesh Analysis (Format Approach)	301	(5)
Nodal Analysis (General Approach)	306	(7)
Nodal Analysis (Format Approach)	313	(5)
Bridge Networks	318	(3)
Y-Δ (T-π) and Δ-Y (π-T) Conversions	321	(6)
Applications	327	(5)
Computer Analysis	332	(13)
Network Theorems	345	(52)
Introduction	345	(1)
Superposition Theorem	345	(8)
Thevenin's Theorem	353	(10)
Norton's Theorem	363	(4)
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem	367	(9)
Millman's Theorem	376	(3)
Substitution Theorem	379	(2)
Reciprocity Theorem	381	(1)
Computer Analysis	382	(15)
Capacitors	397	(64)
Introduction	397	(1)
The Electric Field	397	(2)
Capacitance	399	(4)
Capacitors	403	(12)
Transients in Capacitive Networks: The Charging Phase	415	(7)
Transients in Capacitive Networks: The Discharging Phase	422	(7)
Initial Conditions	429	(2)
Instantaneous Values	431	(2)
Thevenin Equivalent: τ = RThC	433	(3)
The Current iC	436	(2)
Capacitors in Series and in Parallel	438	(4)
Energy Stored by a Capacitor	442	(1)
Stray Capacitances	442	(1)
Applications	443	(6)
Computer Analysis	449	(12)
Inductors	461	(52)
Introduction	461	(1)
Magnetic Field	461	(5)
Inductance	466	(6)
Induced Voltage υL	472	(2)
R-L Transients: The Storage Phase	474	(3)
Initial Conditions	477	(2)
R-L Transients: The Release Phase	479	(5)
Thevenin Equivalent: τ = L/RTh	484	(3)
Instantaneous Values	487	(1)
Average Induced Voltage: υLav	487	(2)
Inductors in Series and in Parallel	489	(1)
Steady-State Conditions	490	(2)
Energy Stored by an Inductor	492	(1)
Applications	493	(6)
Computer Analysis	499	(14)
Magnetic Circuits	513	(26)
Introduction	513	(1)
Magnetic Field	513	(1)
Reluctance	514	(1)
Ohm's Law for Magnetic Circuits	514	(1)
Magnetizing Force	515	(1)
Hysteresis	516	(4)
Ampere's Circuital Law	520	(1)
Flux Φ	521	(1)
Series Magnetic Circuits: Determining NI	521	(4)
Air Gaps	525	(2)
Series-Parallel Magnetic Circuits	527	(2)
Determining Φ	529	(2)
Applications	531	(8)
Sinusoidal Alternating Waveforms	539	(48)
Introduction	539	(1)
Sinusoidal ac Voltage Characteristics and Definitions	540	(3)
Frequency Spectrum	543	(3)
The Sinusoidal Waveform	546	(5)
General Format for the Sinusoidal Voltage or Current	551	(3)
Phase Relations	554	(5)
Average Value	559	(7)
Effective (rms) Values	566	(5)
ac Meters and Instruments	571	(4)
Applications	575	(2)
Computer Analysis	577	(10)
The Basic Elements and Phasors	587	(50)
Introduction	587	(1)
Derivative	587	(2)
Response of Basic R, L, and C Elements to a Sinusoidal Voltage or Current	589	(8)
Frequency Response of the Basic Elements	597	(6)
Average Power and Power Factor	603	(5)
Complex Numbers	608	(1)
Rectangular Form	609	(1)
Polar Form	609	(1)
Conversion between Forms	610	(2)
Mathematical Operations with Complex Numbers	612	(6)
Calculator and Computer Methods with Complex Numbers	618	(5)
Phasors	623	(5)
Computer Analysis	628	(9)
Series and Parallel ac Circuits	637	(76)
Introduction	637	(1)
Impedance and the Phasor Diagram	637	(6)
Series Configuration	643	(7)
Voltage Divider Rule	650	(3)
Frequency Response for Series ac Circuits	653	(10)
Summary: Series ac Circuits	663	(1)
Admittance and Susceptance	663	(5)
Parallel ac Networks	668	(7)
Current Divider Rule	675	(1)
Frequency Response of Parallel Elements	675	(7)
Summary: Parallel ac Networks	682	(1)
Equivalent Circuits	682	(5)
Phase Measurements	687	(4)
Applications	691	(6)
Computer Analysis	697	(16)
Series-Parallel ac Networks	713	(30)
Introduction	713	(1)
Illustrative Examples	713	(11)
Ladder Networks	724	(1)
Grounding	725	(3)
Applications	728	(2)
Computer Analysis	730	(13)
Methods of Analysis and Selected Topics (ac)	743	(44)
Introduction	743	(1)
Independent versus Dependent (Controlled) Sources	743	(1)
Source Conversions	744	(3)
Mesh Analysis	747	(7)
Nodal Analysis	754	(10)
Bridge Networks (ac)	764	(5)
Δ-Y, Y-Δ Conversions	769	(5)
Computer Analysis	774	(13)
Network Theorems (ac)	787	(48)
Introduction	787	(1)
Superposition Theorem	787	(7)
Thevenin's Theorem	794	(12)
Norton's Theorem	806	(6)
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem	812	(4)
Substitution, Reciprocity, and Millman's Theorems	816	(1)
Application	816	(4)
Computer Analysis	820	(15)
Power (ac)	835	(36)
Introduction	835	(1)
General Equation	835	(1)
Resistive Circuit	836	(2)
Apparent Power	838	(2)
Inductive Circuit and Reactive Power	840	(3)
Capacitive Circuit	843	(2)
The Power Triangle	845	(2)
The Total P, Q, and S	847	(4)
Power-Factor Correction	851	(4)
Power Meters	855	(1)
Effective Resistance	856	(3)
Applications	859	(2)
Computer Analysis	861	(10)
Resonance	871	(46)
Introduction	871	(1)
Series Resonant Circuit	872	(2)
The Quality Factor (Q)	874	(2)
ZT versus Frequency	876	(2)
Selectivity	878	(2)
VR, VL and VC	880	(2)
Examples (Series Resonance)	882	(3)
Parallel Resonant Circuit	885	(3)
Selectivity Curve for Parallel Resonant Circuits	888	(3)
Effect of Qi ≥ 10	891	(4)
Summary Table	895	(1)
Examples (Parallel Resonance)	896	(6)
Applications	902	(3)
Computer Analysis	905	(12)
Decibels, Filters, and Bode Plots	917	(72)
Logarithms	917	(3)
Properties of Logarithms	920	(1)
Decibels	921	(5)
Filters	926	(2)
R-C Low-Pass Filter	928	(4)
R-C High-Pass Filter	932	(4)
Pass-Band Filters	936	(4)
Stop-Band Filters	940	(2)
Double-Tuned Filter	942	(1)
Bode Plots	943	(8)
Sketching the Bode Response	951	(5)
Low-Pass Filter with Limited Attenuation	956	(4)
High-Pass Filter with Limited Attenuation	960	(5)
Additional Properties of Bode Plots	965	(7)
Crossover Networks	972	(1)
Applications	973	(6)
Computer Analysis	979	(10)
Transformers	989	(40)
Introduction	989	(1)
Mutual Inductance	989	(3)
The Iron-Core Transformer	992	(4)
Reflected Impedance and Power	996	(2)
Impedance Matching, Isolation, and Displacement	998	(4)
Equivalent Circuit (Iron-Core Transformer)	1002	(3)
Frequency Considerations	1005	(1)
Series Connection of Mutually Coupled Coils	1006	(3)
Air-Core Transformer	1009	(3)
Nameplate Data	1012	(1)
Types of Transformers	1013	(2)
Tapped and Multiple-Load Transformers	1015	(1)
Networks with Magnetically Coupled Coils	1016	(1)
Applications	1017	(4)
Computer Analysis	1021	(8)
Polyphase Systems	1029	(38)
Introduction	1029	(1)
Three-Phase Generator	1030	(1)
Y-Connected Generator	1031	(2)
Phase Sequence (Y-Connected Generator)	1033	(2)
Y-Connected Generator with a Y-Connected Load	1035	(2)
Y-Δ System	1037	(2)
Δ-Connected Generator	1039	(1)
Phase Sequence (Δ-Connected Generator)	1040	(1)
Δ-Δ, Δ-Y Three-Phase Systems	1040	(2)
Power	1042	(6)
Three-Wattmeter Method	1048	(1)
Two-Wattmeter Method	1049	(3)
Unbalanced, Three-Phase, Four-Wire, Y-Connected Load	1052	(2)
Unbalanced, Three-Phase, Three-Wire, Y-Connected Load	1054	(13)
Pulse Waveforms and the R-C Response	1067	(28)
Introduction	1067	(1)
Ideal versus Actual	1067	(4)
Pulse Repetition Rate and Duty Cycle	1071	(3)
Average Value	1074	(1)
Transient R-C Networks	1075	(2)
R-C Response to Square-Wave Inputs	1077	(7)
Oscilloscope Attenuator and Compensating Probe	1084	(1)
Application	1085	(3)
Computer Analysis	1088	(7)
Nonsinusoidal Circuits	1095	(54)
Introduction	1095	(1)
Fourier Series	1096	(9)
Circuit Response to a Nonsinusoidal Input	1105	(6)
Addition and Subtraction of Nonsinusoidal Waveforms	1111	(1)
Computer Analysis	1112	(8)
Appendixes
Appendix A. Conversion Factors	1120	(3)
Appendix B. T1-86 Calculator	1123	(3)
Appendix C. PSpice, Multisim, and Mathcad	1126	(2)
Appendix D. Determinants	1128	(8)
Appendix E. Greek Alphabet	1136	(1)
Appendix F. Magnetic Parameter Conversions	1137	(1)
Appendix G. Maximum Power Transfer Conditions	1138	(2)
Appendix H. Answers to Selected Odd-Numbered Problems	1140	(9)
Index	1149