An Invitation to Health

by Hales,Dianne

• ISBN13: 9780534635589
• ISBN10: 053463558X
• Edition: 11th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-04-07
• Publisher: Brooks Cole

Summary

Part I: TAKING CHARGE OF YOUR HEALTH. 1. An Invitation to Health for the 21st Century. 2. Psychological Health. 3. Personal Stress Management. Part II: HEALTHY LIFESTYLES. 4. The Joy of Fitness. 5. Personal Nutrition. 6. Eating Patterns and Problems. Part III: RESPONSIBLE SEXUALITY. 7. Communication and Relationships. 8. Personal Sexuality. 9. Reproductive Choices. Part IV: AVOIDING HEALTH RISKS. 10. Drug Use, Misuse, and Abuse. 11. Alcohol Use, Misuse, and Abuse. 12. Tobacco Use, Misuse, and Abuse. Part V: PROTECTING YOUR HEALTH. 13. Protecting Infectious Diseases. 14. Keeping Your Heart Healthy. 15. Lowering Your Risk of Cancer and Other Major Diseases. 16. Health-Care Consumerism and Complimentary/Alternative Medicine. Part VI: HEALTH IN CONTEXT. 17. A Lifetime of Health. 18. Staying Safe: Preventing Injury, Violence, and Victimization. 19. Working Toward a Healthy Environment. Hales Health Almanac. Health Information on the Internet. Your Health Directory. Emergency! A Consumer's Guide to Medical Tests. Counting Your Calories and Fat.

Author Biography

Dianne Hales, one of the most widely published and honored health journalists in the country, is a contributing editor for Parade and Ladies Home Journal and has written more than 1,000 articles for national publications

Table of Contents

SECTION I Taking Charge of Your Health	1	(100)
An Invitation to Health for the Twenty-First Century	2	(34)
Health and Wellness	4	(10)
Physical Health	5	(1)
Psychological Health	5	(1)
Spiritual Health	6	(1)
Can Prayer Heal?	6	(1)
Social Health	7	(1)
Intellectual Health	7	(1)
Environmental Health	7	(1)
The State of Our Health	7	(1)
Healthy People 2010	8	(1)
Diversity and Health	8	(1)
Can Race Affect Health?	8	(2)
Closing the Minority Health Gap	10	(1)
Student Health	11	(1)
Health Problems on Campus	11	(2)
Health Benefits of Education	13	(1)
Do Healthy Behaviors Have an Effect on Academic Performance?	13	(1)
How People Change	14	(5)
Understanding Health Behavior	14	(1)
Stages of Change	15	(2)
The Process of Change	17	(1)
How Can I Change a Bad Health Habit?	17	(1)
Assessing Risks	18	(1)
Making Decisions	18	(1)
A New Era in Health Education	19	(2)
The Power of Prevention	19	(1)
The Potential of Protection	20	(1)
The Promise of Promotion	20	(1)
The Bottom Line: Ten Small Changes to Improve Your Health	21	(2)
Wellness Inventory	23	(1)
Your Health Change Plan: How to Make a Change	24	(12)
Making This Chapter Work for You	32	(1)
Critical Thinking	33	(1)
Profile Plus	33	(1)
Sites & Bytes	33	(1)
Info Trac College Edition	34	(1)
Key Terms	34	(1)
References	34	(2)
Psychological Health	36	(38)
What Is Psychological Health?	38	(2)
Emotional Intelligence	39	(1)
Spiritual Intelligence	39	(1)
Could Prayer Be Good Medicine?	39	(1)
The Science of Positive Psychology	40	(7)
Knowing Your Needs	40	(1)
Clarifying Your Values	40	(3)
Boosting Self-Esteem	43	(1)
Managing Your Moods	44	(1)
How Can I Find Happiness?	45	(1)
Becoming Optimistic	45	(1)
Looking on The Light Side	46	(1)
Loving and Being Loved	46	(1)
Doing Good	46	(1)
Feeling in Control	47	(1)
Developing Autonomy	47	(1)
Asserting Yourself	47	(1)
Connecting with Others	48	(1)
Overcoming Loneliness	48	(1)
Facing Social Anxiety	48	(1)
Understanding Mental Health	49	(3)
What Is a Mental Disorder?	49	(1)
Does Mental Health Affect Physical Health?	50	(1)
Mental Health on Campus	50	(1)
Diversity and Mental Health on Campus	51	(1)
The Brain: The Last Frontier	52	(2)
Inside the Brain	52	(1)
Communication Within the Brain	52	(2)
The Role of Sleep	54	(1)
The Night Shift	54	(1)
How Much Sleep Do I Need?	55	(1)
Getting Enough Sleep	55	(1)
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)	55	(1)
Anxiety Disorders	55	(2)
Phobias	55	(1)
Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder	56	(1)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder	56	(1)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder	56	(1)
Depressive Disorders	57	(4)
Why Are So Many Young People Depressed?	57	(1)
Minor Depression	58	(1)
Major Depression	58	(1)
Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depression)	59	(2)
Suicide
What Leads to Suicide?	61	(2)
Suicide Prevention	63	(1)
Attention Disorders	63	(1)
Schizophrenia	64	(1)
Overcoming Problems of the Mind	65	(3)
Where Can I Turn for Help?	65	(1)
Types of Therapists	66	(1)
Options for Treatment	66	(1)
Alternative Mind-Mood Products	67	(1)
The Bottom Line: The Keys to Psychological Wellness	68	(6)
Making This Chapter Work for You	69	(1)
Critical Thinking	70	(1)
Profile Plus	70	(1)
Sites & Bytes	70	(1)
Info Trac College Edition	71	(1)
Key Terms	71	(1)
References	71	(3)
Personal Stress Management	74	(27)
What Is Stress?	76	(1)
What Causes Stress?	76	(1)
Is Stress Hazardous to Physical Health?	77	(3)
Stress and The Heart	79	(1)
Stress and the Immune System	79	(1)
Stress and the Digestive System	80	(1)
Other Stress Symptoms	80	(1)
Stress on Campus	80	(6)
Students Under Stress	81	(1)
Test Stress	82	(2)
Minorities and Stress	84	(2)
Other Personal Stressors	86	(2)
Why Is Everyone So Angry?	86	(1)
Job Stress	87	(1)
Illness and Disability	88	(1)
Societal Stressors	88	(1)
Discrimination	89	(1)
Violence and Terrorism	89	(1)
Stress Survival	89	(2)
What Can Help Me Relax?	91	(2)
Is Stress Hazardous to Psychological Health?	93	(2)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder	93	(1)
Resilience: Bouncing Back from Adversity	94	(1)
Time Management	95	(1)
Poor Time Management	95	(1)
How Can I Better Manage My Time?	95	(1)
Overcoming Procrastination	96	(1)
The Bottom Line: De-stress Your Life	96	(5)
Making This Chapter Work for You	97	(1)
Critical Thinking	98	(1)
Profile Plus	98	(1)
Sites & Bytes	98	(1)
Info Trac College Edition	99	(1)
Key Terms	99	(1)
References	99	(2)
SECTION II Healthy Lifestyles	101	(108)
The Joy of Fitness	102	(38)
What Is Physical Fitness?	104	(1)
The Inactivity Epidemic	105	(2)
The Campus Couch Potato Crisis	105	(1)
How Can I Motivate Myself to Get Moving?	105	(2)
Physical Activity and Health	107	(5)
The Toll of Inactivity	108	(1)
The Benefits of Physical Activity	109	(3)
The Principles of Exercise	112	(2)
Overload Principle	112	(1)
The FITT Principle	112	(1)
Reversibility Principle	113	(1)
How Much Exercise is Enough?	113	(1)
Cardiorespiratory or Aerobic Fitness	114	(5)
How Can I Tell If I'm Working Hard Enough?	114	(1)
Designing an Aerobic Workout	115	(2)
Aerobic Options	117	(2)
Muscular Strength and Endurance	119	(5)
Exercise and Muscles	120	(1)
Designing a Muscle Workout	121	(1)
What Should I Know About Performance-Boosting Drugs?	122	(2)
Flexibility	124	(2)
The Benefits of Flexibility	124	(1)
Types of Stretching	124	(2)
What Is the Difference Between Stretching and Warming Up?	126	(1)
Body Composition	126	(3)
Body Mass Index (BMI)	126	(1)
Body Composition Assessment	126	(2)
Can a Person Be Fat and Fit?	128	(1)
Nutrition for an Active Life	129	(1)
How Much Water Should I Drink?	129	(1)
Nutrition and Athletic Performance	129	(1)
Sports Safety	130	(2)
How Can I Prevent Sports Injuries?	130	(1)
Beyond the Gym	131	(1)
Thinking of Temperature	131	(1)
Toxic Workouts	132	(1)
Overtraining	132	(1)
Evaluating Fitness Products and Programs	132	(2)
How Do I Buy the Right Athletic Shoes?	132	(1)
Exercise Equipment	133	(1)
Fitness Centers and Trainers	134	(1)
The Bottom Line: Fitness for Life	134	(6)
Making This Chapter Work for You	135	(1)
Critical Thinking	136	(1)
Profile Plus	136	(1)
Sites & Bytes	136	(1)
Info Trac College Edition	136	(1)
Key Terms	137	(1)
References	137	(3)
Personal Nutrition	140	(40)
What You Need to Know About Nutrients	142	(12)
Water	143	(1)
Protein	143	(2)
Carbohydrates	145	(1)
Fats	146	(2)
Vitamins and Minerals	148	(6)
Phytochemicals	154	(1)
Eating for Good Health	154	(9)
Portions and Servings	157	(1)
The USDA Food Guide Pyramid	158	(1)
Grains Group (6--11 servings a day)	159	(1)
Vegetables Group (3--5 servings a day)	159	(1)
Fruits Group (2--4 servings a day)	160	(1)
Meat and Beans Group (2--3 servings a day)	161	(1)
Milk Group (2--3 servings a day)	161	(1)
Fats, Oils, and Sweets (small amount each day)	162	(1)
Does the Pyramid Need Rebuilding?	162	(1)
Alternative Food Guides	162	(1)
Nutritional Supplements	163	(1)
Should I Take Vitamin Supplements?	163	(1)
Knowing What You Eat	163	(5)
What Should I Look for on Nutrition Labels?	163	(5)
Functional Foods	168	(1)
The Way We Eat	168	(3)
Dietary Diversity	168	(2)
What Should I Know About Vegetarian Diets?	170	(1)
Fast Food: Nutrition on the Run	171	(1)
Food Safety	171	(4)
Pesticides, Irradiation, and Genetic Engineering	171	(1)
Additives: Risk Versus Benefits	172	(1)
What Causes Food Poisoning?	172	(3)
Food Allergies	175	(1)
Nutritional Quackery	175	(1)
The Bottom Line: A Lifetime of Healthy Eating	175	(5)
Making This Chapter Work for You	176	(1)
Critical Thinking	176	(1)
Profile Plus	177	(1)
Sites & Bytes	177	(1)
Info Trac College Edition	177	(1)
Key Terms	178	(1)
References	178	(2)
Eating Patterns and Problems	180	(29)
Body Image	182	(1)
Weight Assessment	182	(2)
How Many Calories Do I Need?	184	(1)
The Anatomy of Appetite	184	(1)
Unhealthy Eating Behavior	184	(4)
Disordered Eating in College Students	186	(1)
Extreme Dieting	187	(1)
Compulsive Overeating	187	(1)
Binge Eating	188	(1)
Eating Disorders	188	(5)
Who Develops Eating Disorders?	188	(1)
Anorexia Nervosa	189	(2)
Bulimia Nervosa	191	(2)
The Silent Epidemic: ``Globesity''	193	(3)
How Did We Get So Fat?	193	(1)
Health Dangers of Being Overweight or Obese	194	(2)
Years of Life Lost (YLL)	196	(1)
Overcoming Weight Problems	196	(2)
A Practical Guide to Weight Loss	198	(4)
Which Diets Are Safe and Effective?	199	(1)
Avoiding Diet Traps	200	(2)
The Psychology of Weight Loss	202	(1)
The 60-Minute Solution	203	(1)
The Bottom Line: Healthy Weight Management for Life	203	(6)
Making This Chapter Work For You	204	(1)
Critical Thinking	205	(1)
Profile Plus	205	(1)
Sites & Bytes	206	(1)
Info Trac College Edition	206	(1)
Key Terms	206	(1)
References	206	(3)
SECTION III Responsible Sexuality	209	(112)
Communication and Relationships	210	(28)
Personal Communication	212	(2)
Communicating Feelings	212	(1)
Nonverbal Communication	212	(2)
Forming Relationships	214	(3)
I, Myself, and Me	214	(1)
Friendship	214	(2)
Can Relationships Be Bad For You?	216	(1)
Dating	216	(1)
Intimate Relationships	217	(4)
What Causes Romantic Attraction?	218	(1)
The Science of Romantic Love	218	(2)
Mature Love	220	(1)
When Love Ends	221	(1)
Living Arrangements	221	(3)
Living with Parents	221	(1)
Single Life	222	(1)
Cohabitation	223	(1)
Committed Relationships	224	(5)
Marriage	224	(1)
Types of Marriage	225	(1)
Issues Couples Confront	225	(3)
Why Do People Still Get Married?	228	(1)
Couples Therapy	228	(1)
What Is the Current Divorce Rate?	228	(1)
Family Ties	229	(3)
Diversity Within Families	229	(1)
Becoming Parents	230	(1)
Working Parents	230	(1)
Single Parents	231	(1)
How Does Divorce Affect Children?	231	(1)
Blended Families	231	(1)
Dysfunctional Relationships	232	(1)
What Is Codependence?	232	(1)
Enabling	232	(1)
The Bottom Line: Building Better Relationships	233	(5)
Making This Chapter Work For You	234	(1)
Critical Thinking	235	(1)
Profile Plus	235	(1)
Sites & Bytes	235	(1)
Info Trac College Edition	235	(1)
Key Terms	236	(1)
References	236	(2)
Personal Sexuality	238	(36)
Becoming Male or Female	240	(2)
Are You an X or a Y?	240	(1)
How Do Hormones Work?	240	(1)
Sexual Stereotypes	241	(1)
Women's Sexual Health	242	(5)
Female Sexual Anatomy	242	(2)
What Is The Menstrual Cycle?	244	(3)
Men's Sexual Health	247	(1)
Male Sexual Anatomy	247	(1)
What Is Circumcision?	248	(1)
Responsible Sexuality	248	(3)
Sexually Healthy Relationships	248	(3)
Sexual Behavior	251	(3)
Adolescent Sexuality	251	(1)
How Sexually Active Are College Students?	252	(1)
Why Don't College Students Practice Safer Sex?	253	(1)
The Sex Life of American Adults	254	(1)
Sexual Diversity	254	(2)
Bisexuality	255	(1)
Homosexuality	255	(1)
Sexual Activity	256	(5)
Celibacy	256	(1)
Fantasy	257	(1)
What Does It Mean to Abstain?	257	(1)
Sex in Cyberspace	258	(1)
Masturbation	258	(1)
Kissing and Touching	259	(1)
Intercourse	259	(1)
Oral-Genital Sex	260	(1)
Anal Stimulation and Intercourse	260	(1)
Cultural Variations	260	(1)
Sexual Response	261	(1)
Excitement	262	(1)
Plateau	262	(1)
Orgasm	262	(1)
Resolution	262	(1)
Sexual Concerns	262	(6)
Safer Sex	263	(1)
What Are the Most Common Sexual Problems?	263	(1)
Sexual Dysfunction	264	(2)
Sex Therapy	266	(1)
Drugs and Sex	266	(1)
Atypical Behavior	266	(2)
The Business of Sex	268	(1)
The Bottom Line: Smarter Sex	268	(6)
Making This Chapter Work for You	268	(1)
Critical Thinking	269	(1)
Profile Plus	270	(1)
Sites & Bytes	270	(1)
Info Trac College Edition	271	(1)
Key Terms	271	(1)
References	272	(2)
Reproductive Choices	274	(47)
Conception	276	(1)
Birth Control Basics	277	(1)
How Do I Choose a Birth Control Method?	278	(3)
Abstinence and Outercourse	281	(1)
Hormonal Contraceptives	282	(6)
Oral Contraceptives	282	(3)
The Patch (Ortho Evra)	285	(1)
The NuvaRing	286	(1)
Contraceptive Injectables	286	(1)
Contraceptive Implants	287	(1)
Intrauterine Contraceptives	288	(1)
Mirena	288	(1)
Copper T	288	(1)
Barrier Contraceptives	289	(7)
Prescription Barriers	289	(1)
Nonprescription Barriers	290	(6)
Periodic Abstinence and Fertility Awareness Methods	296	(3)
Calendar Method	296	(1)
The Standard Days Method	297	(1)
Basal-Body-Temperature Method	297	(1)
Cervical Mucus Method	297	(1)
What Is Emergency Contraception?	298	(1)
Sterilization	299	(2)
Male Sterilization	299	(1)
Female Sterilization	300	(1)
Abortion	301	(4)
Thinking Through the Options	301	(1)
Medical Abortion	302	(1)
Other Abortion Methods	303	(1)
What Is the Psychological Impact of Abortion?	304	(1)
Politics of Abortion	304	(1)
A Cross--Cultural Perspective	305	(1)
Childfree by Choice	305	(1)
Pregnancy	305	(5)
Preconception Care: A Preventive Approach	305	(1)
How a Woman's Body Changes During Pregnancy	306	(1)
How a Baby Grows	306	(1)
Why Is Prenatal Care Important?	306	(2)
Prenatal Testing	308	(1)
Complications of Pregnancy	309	(1)
Childbirth	310	(4)
Preparing for Childbirth	310	(1)
What Is Childbirth Like?	311	(1)
Breast-Feeding Versus Bottle-Feeding	312	(1)
Babies at Risk	313	(1)
Infertility	314	(1)
What Are the Options for Infertile Couples?	314	(1)
Artificial Insemination	314	(1)
Assisted Reproductive Technology	314	(1)
Adoption	315	(1)
The Bottom Line: Reproductive Health	316	(5)
Making This Chapter Work For You	316	(1)
Critical Thinking	317	(1)
Profile Plus	317	(1)
Sites & Bytes	318	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition	318	(1)
Key Terms	318	(1)
References	319	(2)
SECTION IV Avoiding Health Risks	321	(100)
Drug Use, Misuse, and Abuse	322	(38)
Understanding Drugs and Their Effects	324	(1)
Routes of Administration	324	(1)
Dosage and Toxicity	324	(1)
Individual Differences	324	(1)
Setting	325	(1)
Types of Action	325	(1)
Medications	325	(4)
What Should I Know About Buying Over-the-Counter Drugs?	325	(1)
Prescription Drugs	326	(3)
Caffeine Use and Misuse	329	(1)
Is It Possible to Overdose on Caffeine?	330	(1)
Substance Use Disorders	330	(5)
Understanding Substance Use Disorders	330	(1)
Dependence	331	(2)
What Causes Drug Dependence and Abuse?	333	(2)
The Toll of Drugs	335	(1)
Drugs in Society	335	(2)
How Common Is Drug Use on Campus?	336	(1)
Drugs and Driving	336	(1)
Drugs on the Job	337	(1)
Common Drugs of Abuse	337	(15)
Cannabis	337	(5)
Club Drugs (Designer Drugs)	342	(2)
Stimulants	344	(3)
Depressants	347	(3)
Hallucinogens	350	(1)
Inhalants	351	(1)
Treating Drug Dependence and Abuse	352	(2)
12-Step Programs	352	(1)
Relapse Prevention	353	(1)
Outlook	354	(1)
Codependence	354	(1)
The Bottom Line: Living Drug-Free	354	(6)
Making This Chapter Work For You	355	(1)
Critical Thinking	356	(1)
Profile Plus	356	(1)
Sites & Bytes	357	(1)
Info Trac College Edition	357	(1)
Key Terms	357	(1)
References	358	(2)
Alcohol Use, Misuse, and Abuse	360	(34)
Alcohol and Its Effects	362	(6)
How Much Alcohol Can I Drink?	362	(1)
Your Body's Response to Alcohol	362	(2)
How Much Alcohol Is Too Much?	364	(1)
Intoxication	364	(1)
The Impact of Alcohol	364	(3)
Interaction with Other Drugs	367	(1)
Drinking in America	368	(2)
Why People Drink	368	(1)
Patterns of Alcohol Use	369	(1)
Teen Drinking	370	(1)
Drinking in College	370	(6)
How Common Is Drinking on College Campuses?	370	(1)
Why College Students Drink	371	(1)
Binge Drinking on Campus	371	(2)
Underage Drinking on Campus	373	(1)
The Toll of College Drinking	373	(1)
Alcohol Problems on Campus	374	(1)
Changing Drinking Patterns on Campus	375	(1)
Drinking and Driving	376	(1)
Alcohol and Race	377	(1)
African-American Community	377	(1)
Hispanic Community	377	(1)
Native American Community	378	(1)
Asian-American Community	378	(1)
Alcohol and Gender	378	(1)
Alcohol Problems	379	(5)
Types of Alcoholism	381	(1)
What Causes Alcohol Dependence and Abuse?	381	(2)
Medical Complications of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence	383	(1)
Alcoholism Treatments	384	(2)
Detoxification	384	(1)
Are There Medications That Treat Alcoholism?	385	(1)
Inpatient or Residential Treatment	385	(1)
Outpatient Treatment	385	(1)
Recovery	386	(1)
Alcoholism's Impact on Relationships	386	(2)
Codependence and Enabling	386	(1)
Growing Up with an Alcoholic Parent	387	(1)
Adult Children of Alcoholics	387	(1)
The Bottom Line: Taking Charge of Your Alcohol Use	388	(6)
Making This Chapter Work for You	388	(1)
Critical Thinking	389	(1)
Profile Plus	390	(1)
Sites & Bytes	390	(1)
Info Trac College Edition	390	(1)
Key Terms	391	(1)
References	391	(3)
Tobacco Use, Misuse, and Abuse	394	(27)
Tobacco's Immediate Effects	396	(1)
How Nicotine Works	396	(1)
Tar and Carbon Monoxide	396	(1)
Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking	396	(3)
Heart Disease and Stroke	397	(1)
Cancer	398	(1)
Respiratory Diseases	398	(1)
Other Smoking-Related Problems	399	(1)
Smoking and Medication	399	(1)
The Impact of Tobacco	399	(3)
Financial Cost of Smoking	400	(1)
Why Do People Start Smoking?	400	(1)
Why People Keep Smoking	401	(1)
Smoking in America	402	(3)
Tobacco Use on Campus	404	(1)
College Tobacco-Control Policies	405	(1)
Smoking and Race	405	(1)
Smoking and Gender	406	(1)
Other Forms of Tobacco	407	(3)
Cigars	408	(1)
Clove Cigarettes	408	(1)
What Are Bidis?	408	(1)
Pipes	409	(1)
Smokeless Tobacco	409	(1)
``Safer'' Cigarettes	410	(1)
Environmental Tobacco Smoke	410	(1)
What Are the Risks of Secondhand Smoke?	410	(1)
Families of Smokers: Living Dangerously	410	(1)
The Politics of Tobacco	411	(1)
``Big Tobacco''	411	(1)
The Fight for Clean Air	411	(1)
Quitting	412	(4)
Quitting on Your Own	413	(1)
Stop-Smoking Groups	413	(1)
Nicotine Replacement Therapy	413	(2)
Bupropion (Zyban)	415	(1)
Other Ways to Quit	416	(1)
The Bottom Line: Living Smoke-Free	416	(5)
Making This Chapter Work For You	416	(1)
Critical Thinking	417	(1)
Profile Plus	418	(1)
Sites & Bytes	418	(1)
Info Trac College Edition	418	(1)
Key Terms	418	(1)
References	419	(2)
SECTION V Protecting Your Health	421	(146)
Preventing Infectious Diseases	422	(46)
Understanding Infection	424	(2)
Agents of Infection	424	(1)
How Do You Catch an Infection?	425	(1)
The Process of Infection	426	(1)
How Your Body Protects Itself	426	(4)
Immune Response	429	(1)
Immunity and Stress	429	(1)
Immune Disorders	429	(1)
Immunization: The Key to Prevention	430	(3)
Immunizations for Children	430	(2)
Immunizations for Adolescents and Young Adults	432	(1)
Immunizations for Adults	433	(1)
Infectious Diseases	433	(11)
Who Is at Highest Risk of Infectious Diseases?	433	(1)
Common Cold	434	(2)
Influenza	436	(1)
Meningitis	437	(1)
Hepatitis	437	(1)
Mononucleosis	438	(1)
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)	438	(1)
Pneumonia	438	(2)
Tuberculosis	440	(1)
Group A and Group B Strep Infection	440	(1)
Toxic Shock Syndrome	441	(1)
Insect and Animal Borne Infections	441	(2)
New Infectious Threats	443	(1)
Reproductive and Urinary Tract Infections	444	(1)
Vaginal Infections	444	(1)
Urinary Tract Infections	445	(1)
Sexually Transmitted Infections	445	(12)
STIs in Adolescents and Young Adults	445	(2)
Prevention and Protection	447	(5)
Chlamydia	452	(1)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	453	(1)
Gonorrhea	453	(1)
Nongonococcal Urethritis	454	(1)
Syphilis	454	(1)
Herpes	455	(1)
What Is Human Papilloma Virus?	456	(1)
Chancroid	457	(1)
Pubic Lice and Scabies	457	(1)
HIV and AIDS	457	(4)
The Spread of HIV	458	(1)
Reducing the Risk of HIV Transmission	458	(1)
HIV Infection	459	(1)
HIV Testing	460	(1)
Diagnosing AIDS	461	(1)
Treating HIV/AIDS	461	(1)
The Bottom Line: The Best Defense	461	(7)
Making This Chapter Work for You	462	(1)
Critical Thinking	463	(1)
Profile Plus	463	(1)
Sites & Bytes	463	(1)
Info Trac College Edition	464	(1)
Key Terms	464	(1)
References	464	(4)
Keeping You Heart Healthy	468	(34)
How the Heart Works	470	(1)
Preventing Heart Problems	471	(3)
Why Should I Worry About Heart Disease?	472	(1)
Physical Activity	472	(1)
Heart-Healthy Nutrition	473	(1)
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease	474	(5)
Risk Factors You Can Control	474	(4)
Risk Factors You Can't Control	478	(1)
High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)	479	(3)
Preventing Hypertension	481	(1)
What Is a Health Blood Pressure?	481	(1)
Controlling High Blood Pressure	482	(1)
Your Lipoprotein Profile	482	(4)
What Is a Healthy Cholesterol Reading?	483	(1)
Lowering Cholesterol	484	(1)
Novel Risk Factors	485	(1)
Crises of the Heart	486	(6)
Coronary Artery Disease	486	(1)
Angina Pectoris	487	(1)
Coronary Artery Spasms	487	(1)
Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)	487	(3)
Arrhythmias (Heart Rate Abnormalities)	490	(1)
Mitral-Valve Prolapse	491	(1)
Congestive Heart Failure	492	(1)
Rheumatic Fever	492	(1)
Congenital Defects	492	(1)
Heart Savers	492	(2)
Diagnostic Tests	492	(1)
Treatments	493	(1)
Stroke	494	(2)
What Causes a Stroke?	494	(1)
Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs)	495	(1)
Risk Factors for Strokes	495	(1)
Treatments for Strokes	495	(1)
The Bottom Line: Heart-Smart Strategies for Life	496	(6)
Making This Chapter Work For You	496	(1)
Critical Thinking	497	(1)
Profile Plus	498	(1)
Sites & Bytes	498	(1)
Info Trac College Edition	498	(1)
Key Terms	499	(1)
References	499	(3)
Lowering Your Risk of Cancer and Other Major Diseases	502	(32)
Understanding Cancer	504	(1)
How Cancer Begins	504	(1)
How Cancer Spreads	504	(1)
Cancer Staging	504	(1)
Who Is at Risk for Developing Cancer?	504	(3)
Heredity	506	(1)
Racial and Ethnic Groups	506	(1)
Obesity	506	(1)
Infectious Agents	507	(1)
How Can I Reduce My Cancer Risk?	507	(1)
Cancer-Smart Nutrition	507	(1)
Tobacco Smoke	507	(1)
Environmental Risks	508	(1)
Early Detection	508	(1)
Chemoprevention	508	(1)
Common Types of Cancer	508	(10)
Skin Cancer	508	(4)
Breast Cancer	512	(3)
Cervical Cancer	515	(1)
Ovarian Cancer	515	(1)
Colon and Rectal Cancer	515	(1)
Prostate Cancer	516	(1)
Testicular Cancer	517	(1)
Leukemia	517	(1)
Lung Cancer	517	(1)
Oral Cancer	518	(1)
New Hope Against Cancer	518	(2)
Using the Mind to Help the Body	518	(1)
Cancer Survivorship	519	(1)
Diabetes Mellitus	520	(2)
Understanding Diabetes	520	(1)
Who Is at Risk for Developing Diabetes?	520	(1)
Dangers of Diabetes	521	(1)
Diabetes and Ethnic Minorities	521	(1)
Treatment	521	(1)
Other Major Illnesses	522	(6)
Epilepsy and Seizure Disorders	522	(1)
Respiratory Diseases	522	(1)
Anemias	523	(1)
Liver Disorders	524	(1)
Kidney Diseases	524	(1)
Digestive Diseases	525	(1)
Disorders of the Muscles, Joints, and Bones	526	(2)
Skin Disorders	528	(1)
Special Needs for Different Abilities	528	(1)
The Bottom Line: Protecting Yourself from Cancer and Major Illnesses	528	(6)
Making This Chapter Work for You	529	(1)
Critical Thinking	530	(1)
Profile Plus	530	(1)
Sites & Bytes	531	(1)
Info Trac College Edition	531	(1)
Key Terms	531	(1)
References	532	(2)
Health-Care Consumerism and Complementary/Alternative Medicine	534	(33)
Becoming a Savvy Health-Care Consumer	536	(6)
Health Care and the College Student	536	(1)
Informing Yourself	536	(4)
Evidence-Based Medicine	540	(1)
Self-Care	540	(1)
Oral Health	541	(1)
Getting the Best Health Care	542	(6)
How Good is American Health Care?	542	(1)
The Doctor-Patient Partnership	543	(4)
Elective Treatments	547	(1)
Your Medical Rights	548	(4)
Your Right to Information	548	(2)
Your Right to Privacy and Access to Medical Records	550	(1)
Preventing Medical Errors	550	(1)
Your Right to Good, Safe, Care	550	(2)
Complementary and Alternative Medicine	552	(5)
Why People Use CAM Therapies	552	(1)
Evidence-Based CAM	553	(1)
What Should I Know Before I Try CAM?	553	(1)
Types of CAM	554	(3)
The Health-Care System	557	(3)
Health-Care Practitioners	557	(1)
Health-Care Facilities	558	(2)
Paying for Health Care	560	(2)
Traditional Health Insurance	560	(1)
What Is Managed Care?	560	(1)
Government-Financed Insurance Plans	561	(1)
The Uninsured	561	(1)
The Bottom Line: Taking Charge of Your Health Care	562	(5)
Making This Chapter Work for You	563	(1)
Critical Thinking	564	(1)
Profile Plus	564	(1)
Sites & Bytes	564	(1)
Info Trac College Edition	565	(1)
Key Terms	565	(1)
References	565	(2)
SECTION VI Health in Context	567
A Lifetime of Health	568	(34)
Living in an Aging Society	570	(1)
How Long Can I Expect to Live?	570	(1)
Successful Aging	571	(9)
Exercise: An Antiaging Pill	571	(2)
Changing Nutritional Needs	573	(1)
Does Body Composition Change with Age?	573	(1)
The Aging Brain	574	(1)
Women at Midlife	575	(3)
Men at Midlife	578	(2)
Sexuality and Aging	580	(1)
The Challenges of Age	580	(4)
Alzheimer's Disease	580	(2)
Osteoporosis	582	(1)
Substance Misuse and Abuse	583	(1)
Is It Ever Too Late to Quit Smoking?	583	(1)
Depression	583	(1)
Driving Risks	584	(1)
Death and Dying	584	(3)
Defining Death	584	(1)
The Meaning of Death	585	(1)
Denying Death	585	(1)
Emotional Responses to Dying	586	(1)
Preparing for Medical Crises and the End of Life	587	(4)
The Five Wishes	587	(1)
What Are Advance Directives?	587	(1)
Living Wills	587	(3)
Holographic Wills	590	(1)
Ethical Dilemmas	590	(1)
The Gift of Life	590	(1)
How We Die	591	(2)
A ``Good'' Death	591	(1)
Caregiving	592	(1)
Hospice: Caring When Curing Isn't Possible	592	(1)
What Do We Know About Near-Death Experiences?	592	(1)
Suicide	593	(1)
``Rational'' Suicide	593	(1)
Physician-Assisted Suicide	593	(1)
The Practicalities of Death	594	(1)
Funeral Arrangements	594	(1)
Autopsies	595	(1)
Grief	595	(2)
Grief's Effects on Health	596	(1)
Methods of Mourning	596	(1)
How Can You Help Survivors of a Loss?	596	(1)
The Bottom Line: Living Long and Well	597	(5)
Making This Chapter Work for You	597	(1)
Critical Thinking	598	(1)
Profile Plus	598	(1)
Sites and Bytes	599	(1)
Info Trac College Edition	599	(1)
Key Terms	599	(1)
References	600	(2)
Staying Safe: Preventing Injury, Violence, and Victimization	602	(30)
Unintentional Injury: Why Accidents Happen	604	(1)
Age	604	(1)
Alcohol and Drugs	604	(1)
Stress	604	(1)
Situational Factors	604	(1)
Thrill Seeking	604	(1)
What Should I Do in an Emergency Situation?	604	(1)
Safety on the Road	605	(4)
Safe Drivers and Vehicles	605	(4)
Safe Cycling	609	(1)
Safety at Work	609	(1)
Can My Computer Be a Health Hazard?	609	(1)
Safety at Home	610	(1)
Falls	611	(1)
Fires	611	(1)
Safety at Play	611	(2)
Handling Heat	611	(1)
Coping with Cold	611	(1)
Drowning	612	(1)
Intentional Injury: Living in a Dangerous World	613	(6)
Coping with the Threat of Violence and Terrorism	613	(1)
Violence in the United States	613	(1)
The Roots of Aggression and Violence	613	(2)
Teen Violence	615	(1)
Hate Crimes	615	(1)
Crime on Campus	615	(1)
Family Violence	616	(3)
Sexual Victimization and Violence	619	(2)
What Is Sexual Harassment?	619	(1)
Sexual Harassment on the Job	619	(1)
Sexual Harassment on Campus	619	(1)
Sexual Victimization on Campus	620	(1)
Sexual Violence on Campus	621	(1)
Sexual Coercion and Rape	621	(6)
Types of Rape	622	(1)
Acquaintance or Date Rape	622	(1)
How Can I Prevent Date Rape?	623	(1)
Male Nonconsensual Sex and Rape	623	(2)
Impact of Rape	625	(1)
What to Do in Case of Rape	625	(1)
Halting Sexual Violence	626	(1)
The Bottom Line: Helping the Victims of Violence	627	(5)
Making This Chapter Work for You	627	(1)
Critical Thinking	628	(1)
Profile Plus	628	(1)
Sites and Bytes	629	(1)
Info Trac College Edition	629	(1)
Key Terms	629	(1)
References	629	(3)
Working Toward a Healthy Environment	632
The State of the Environment	634	(2)
Our Planet, Our Health	634	(1)
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity	634	(1)
Pollution	635	(1)
What Is Global Warming?	636	(1)
Clearing the Air	636	(4)
Smog	637	(1)
Acid Rain	638	(2)
Indoor Pollutants	640	(2)
Formaldehyde	640	(1)
Asbestos	640	(1)
Lead	641	(1)
Is Mold Dangerous?	641	(1)
Mercury	642	(1)
Carbon Monoxide and Nitrogen Dioxide	642	(1)
Radon	642	(1)
Your Hearing Health	642	(2)
How Loud Is That Noise?	642	(1)
Effects of Noise	643	(1)
The Quality of Our Drinking Water	644	(1)
Is Bottled Water Better?	644	(1)
Fluoride	645	(1)
Chlorine	645	(1)
Lead	645	(1)
Chemical Risks	645	(1)
What Health Risks Are Caused by Pesticides?	645	(1)
Possible Invisible Dangers	646	(2)
Electromagnetic Fields	646	(1)
Microwaves	647	(1)
Are Cell Phones Safe to Use?	647	(1)
Irradiated Foods	647	(1)
Ionizing Radiation	647	(1)
Diagnostic X-Rays	648	(1)
The Bottom Line: Taking Care of Mother Earth	648
Making This Chapter Work for You	649	(1)
Critical Thinking	650	(1)
Profile Plus	650	(1)
Sites and Bytes	650	(1)
Info Trac College Edition	650	(1)
Key Terms	651	(1)
References	651
Contract for Change	2	(1)
Health Information on the Internet	3	(3)
Your Health Directory	6	(11)
Emergency!	17	(4)
A Consumer's Guide to Medical Tests	21	(6)
Counting Calories and Fat Grams	27
Glossary	1	(1)
Photography Credits	1	(1)
Index	1