Joining Together : Group Theory and Group Skills

by Johnson, David W.; Johnson, Frank P.

• ISBN13: 9780205453733
• ISBN10: 0205453732
• Edition: 9th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2009-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

This best-selling text presents a broad, integrative overview of group dynamics in a well researched, readable, and experiential format. This text introduces readers to the theory and research findings needed to understand how to make groups effective, and it helps build the skills required to apply that knowledge in practical situations. More than a textbook, Joining Together illustrates how this knowledge and mastery of skills creates choices, opportunities, and successes for each individual. No competing text offers the scope of coverage and the range of experiential exercises like Joining Together.New to this Edition: The entire text has been extensively edited and designed to ensure a concise and readable presentation. References and citations have been updated throughout the text to guarantee the most current and useful research information available. Chapter 3, ";Group Goals,"; has been revised to update the discussions of cooperation & competition and trust. Chapter 4, ";Leadership,"; incorporates the latest theories and research on effective small group research and illustrates the application of the theory to practical situations in a variety of settings. Chapter 9, ";Managing Conflict of Interests,"; now includes the latest and most exciting theory and research on the constructive resolution of conflict, with special attention to the topics of negotiation and mediation. Chapter 8, ";Controversy and Creativity,"; has been thoroughly revised to update the discussion of creativity and its relationship to effective group problem-solving. New chapter objectives, quizzes and PowerPoints are available to adopters online by contacting your local representative. Package this text with MyLabSchool-a powerful set of online tools that bring the classroom to life! Visit www.mylabschool.com for more information!

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Group Dynamics	1	(43)
Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter	1	(1)
Group Dynamics and Me	1	(4)
What Is a Group?	5	(6)
The Importance of Groups	11	(3)
Group Structure	14	(4)
Creating Productive Groups	18	(6)
How to Create an Effective Group	24	(3)
The Development of Groups Over Time	27	(7)
The Field of Group Dynamics	34	(6)
The Nature of This Book and How to Use It	40	(3)
Summary	43	(1)
Experiential Learning	44	(22)
Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter	45	(1)
Procedural Learning	45	(1)
Action Theories	46	(2)
Gaining Expertise Through Experiential Learning	48	(4)
Experiential Learning and Motivation	52	(1)
Learning Group Skills	53	(2)
Role Playing	55	(1)
Learning How to Be a Participant-Observer	56	(3)
Conducting Skill-Training Exercises	59	(4)
Ethics of Experiential Learning	63	(2)
Summary	65	(1)
Group Goals, Social Interdependence, and Trust	66	(64)
Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter	67	(1)
Introduction	67	(3)
What Is a Goal?	70	(3)
START Goals	73	(3)
Clarity of Goals	76	(1)
Operational Goals	76	(1)
Group Goals and Level of Aspiration	77	(1)
Dealing with Hidden Agendas	78	(1)
Helping Groups Set Effective Goals	79	(9)
Group Goals and Social Interdependence Among Members	88	(6)
Outcomes of Social Interdependence	94	(1)
Effort to Achieve and Produce	95	(9)
Reciprocal Relationships Among the Three Outcomes	104	(2)
Mediating Variables: The Basic Elements of Cooperation	106	(7)
The Stability of Cooperation	113	(1)
Goal Structures and the Allocation of Benefits Among Group Members	113	(2)
Mixed-Motive Situations	115	(7)
Developing and Maintaining Trust	122	(7)
Summary	129	(1)
Communication Within Groups	130	(36)
Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter	131	(1)
Introduction and Definitions	131	(2)
Group Communication	133	(3)
Sending and Receiving Messages	136	(10)
Communication in a Problem-Solving Group	146	(1)
Interaction Analysis	147	(8)
Communication Networks	155	(1)
Communication Patterns in an Authority Hierarchy	156	(5)
Influences on Effectiveness of Group Communication	161	(1)
Effects of Cooperation and Competition on Communication	161	(2)
Physical Influences on Communication	163	(1)
Seating Arrangements	163	(1)
Humor	164	(1)
Summary	165	(1)
Leadership	166	(52)
Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter	167	(1)
What Is Leadership?	167	(10)
Trait Theories of Leadership	177	(5)
Leadership Styles	182	(2)
Influence Theory of Leadership	184	(2)
Role Position/Group Structure Approach to Leadership	186	(4)
Situational Theories of Leadership	190	(9)
Organizational Leadership	199	(3)
What If You Do Not Want to Be a Leader?	202	(14)
Summary	216	(2)
Using Power	218	(48)
Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter	219	(1)
Introduction	220	(3)
What Is Power?	223	(2)
The Dynamic Interdependence View of Power	225	(4)
Mobilizing Power to Achieve Goals	229	(3)
The Trait Factor Approach to Power	232	(2)
The Bases of Power	234	(3)
Conflict Model of Social Influence	237	(3)
Power and Problem Solving	240	(3)
Unequal Power	243	(13)
Group Norms: Indirect Power	256	(4)
The Group Mind	260	(4)
Individual Versus Relationship Perspectives	264	(1)
Summary	264	(2)
Decision Making	266	(54)
Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter	267	(1)
Making Effective Decisions	267	(3)
Individual Versus Group Decision Making	270	(14)
Methods of Decision Making	284	(7)
Factors Enhancing Group Decision Making	291	(1)
Factors Hindering Group Decision Making	291	(15)
Considered and Thoughtful Decision Making	306	(7)
Problems with Theorizing on Decision Making	313	(6)
Summary	319	(1)
Controversy and Creativity	320	(48)
Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter	321	(4)
Controversy and Decision Making	325	(4)
The Avoidance of Controversy	329	(11)
Outcomes of Controversy	340	(2)
Creativity	342	(1)
Process of Controversy	343	(4)
Conditions Determining the Constructiveness of Controversy	347	(2)
Minority Influence, Controversy, and Decision Making	349	(2)
Structuring Constructive Controversies	351	(2)
Being a Citizen in a Democracy	353	(2)
Creative Problem Solving	355	(2)
Developing and Fostering Creativity	357	(3)
Open Versus Closed Belief Systems	360	(1)
Brainstorming	361	(5)
Summary	366	(2)
Managing Conflicts of Interest	368	(72)
Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter	369	(1)
Conflict-Positive Groups	369	(1)
Nature of Conflicts of Interest	370	(1)
Conflicts Can Be Destructive or Constructive	371	(1)
Conflict and Aggression	372	(3)
Conflict Strategies: What Are You Like?	375	(4)
Controlling the Occurrence of Conflicts	379	(1)
The Nature of Negotiations	380	(7)
Two Types of Negotiating	387	(5)
The Integrative Negotiating Procedure	392	(3)
Defining the Conflict as a Mutual Problem	395	(14)
Try, Try Again	409	(3)
Negotiating in Good Faith	412	(1)
Refusal Skills: This Issue Is Non-Negotiable	413	(8)
Intergroup Conflict	421	(16)
Third-Party Mediation	437	(1)
Summary	438	(2)
Valuing Diversity	440	(34)
Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter	441	(3)
Introduction	444	(1)
Sources of Diversity	445	(1)
The Importance of Managing Diversity	446	(1)
The Value of Diversity	447	(6)
Barriers to Interacting with Diverse Peers	453	(9)
Making Member Diversity a Strength	462	(4)
Summary	466	(8)
Cooperative Learning in the Classroom	474	(30)
Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter	475	(1)
Nature of Cooperative Learning	475	(4)
Formal Cooperative Learning: Being A ``Guide on the Side''	479	(1)
Preinstructional Decisions	480	(7)
Explaining the Task and Cooperative Structure	487	(2)
Monitoring and Intervening	489	(3)
Evaluating Learning and Processing Interaction	492	(1)
Informal Cooperative Learning Groups	493	(2)
Using Informal Cooperative Learning	495	(1)
Base Groups	496	(3)
Integrated Use of All Three Goal Structures	499	(3)
The Cooperative School	502	(1)
Summary	503	(1)
Leading Growth and Counseling Groups	504	(26)
Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter	505	(1)
Introduction	505	(1)
Types of Therapeutic Groups	505	(7)
The Unique Power of Group Experiences	512	(5)
Importance of Disclosing Emotions	517	(2)
Leading a Growth Group	519	(6)
Conceptual Frameworks, Feelings, and Intuition	525	(2)
Becoming a Facilitator	527	(1)
Growth Groups and Participant Anxiety	528	(1)
Costs of Growth and Therapy Groups	528	(1)
Comparative Effectiveness	528	(1)
Summary	529	(1)
Team Development, Team Training	530	(36)
Basic Concepts to Be Covered in This Chapter	531	(1)
Introduction	531	(1)
What Is a Team?	532	(2)
Types of Teams	534	(3)
Organizational Context	537	(6)
Building Productive Teams	543	(2)
Research on Team Effectiveness	545	(1)
Forming, Structuring, and Nurturing Teams	546	(5)
Use of Teams in Training Programs	551	(1)
Team Building	551	(1)
Assessing Quality of Work	552	(7)
Total Quality Management	559	(3)
Dealing with Problem Behaviors in Teams	562	(2)
Summary	564	(2)
Epilogue	566	(6)
Guidelines for Creating Effective Groups	567	(2)
Learning Group Skills	569	(2)
Summary	571	(1)
Appendix: Answers	572	(12)
Glossary	584	(13)
References	597	(30)
Index	627