Laboratory Exercises in Anatomy and Physiology With Cat Dissection

by Tortora, Gerard J.; Tallitsch, Robert B.; Tortora, Gerald J.

• ISBN13: 9780139203237
• ISBN10: 0139203230
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-09-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

This manual meets the needs of undergraduate and pre-professional students enrolled in either a one- or two-semester (or quarter) Human Anatomy and Physiology course that includes cat dissections as part of the laboratory experience. This top-selling laboratory manual follows a body-systems approach and is compatible with any introductory anatomy and physiology text. It features comprehensive coverage of all structures, extensive use of the scientific method, and full-color illustrations and photographs.

Table of Contents

Laboratory Safety	viii
Commonly Used Laboratory Equipment	xi
Pronunciation Key	xii
Microscopy	1	(8)
Compound Light Microscopy	1	(8)
Introduction to the Human Body	9	(22)
Anatomy and Physiology	9	(1)
Levels of Structural Organization	10	(1)
Systems of the Body	11	(2)
Life Processes	13	(1)
Homeostasis	13	(1)
Anatomical Position and Regional Names	14	(1)
External Features of the Body	14	(1)
Directional Terms	15	(3)
Planes of the Body	18	(1)
Body Cavities	18	(1)
Abdominopelvic Regions	19	(3)
Abdominopelvic Quadrants	22	(1)
Dissection of White Rat	22	(9)
Cells	31	(20)
Cell Parts	31	(2)
Diversity of Cells	33	(1)
Movement of Substances Across and Through Plasma Membranes	33	(6)
Extracellular Materials	39	(1)
Cell Division	40	(11)
Tissues	51	(20)
Epithelial Tissue	51	(6)
Connective Tissue	57	(7)
Membranes	64	(7)
Integumentary System	71	(12)
Skin	71	(1)
Hair	72	(3)
Glands	75	(1)
Nails	75	(1)
Homeostasis of Body Temperature	76	(7)
Bone Tissue	83	(12)
Functions of Bone	83	(1)
Gross Structure of a Long Bone	83	(2)
Histology of Bone	85	(1)
Chemistry of Bone	85	(2)
Bone Formation: Ossification	87	(1)
Bone Growth	87	(1)
Fractures	88	(1)
Types of Bones	88	(2)
Bone Surface Markings	90	(5)
Bones	95	(32)
Bones of Adult Skull	95	(3)
Sutures of Skull	98	(1)
Fontanels of Skull	98	(1)
Paranasal Sinuses of Skull	98	(1)
Vertebral Column	98	(1)
Vertebrae	98	(11)
Sternum and Ribs	109	(1)
Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdles	110	(3)
Upper Limbs	113	(3)
Pelvic (Hip) Girdle	116	(1)
Lower Limbs	117	(6)
Articulated Skeleton	123	(1)
Skeletal System of Cat	123	(4)
Articulations	127	(16)
Kinds of Joints	127	(1)
Fibrous Joints	127	(1)
Cartilaginous Joints	127	(1)
Synovial Joints	127	(6)
Knee Joint	133	(2)
Principal Joints of the Body	135	(8)
Muscle Tissue	143	(22)
Types of Muscle Tissue	143	(1)
Structure of Skeletal Muscle Tissue	144	(1)
Contraction of Skeletal Muscle	145	(2)
Laboratory Tests on Skeletal Muscle Contraction	147	(7)
Biochemistry of Skeletal Muscle Contraction	154	(1)
Electromyography	155	(1)
Cardiac Muscle Tissue	156	(1)
Smooth (Visceral) Muscle Tissue	157	(8)
Skeletal Muscles	165	(78)
How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movement	165	(1)
Arrangement of Fascicles	166	(1)
Naming Skeletal Muscles	166	(1)
Connective Tissue Components	166	(1)
Principal Skeletal Muscles	167	(51)
Composite Muscular System	218	(1)
Dissection of Cat Muscular System	218	(25)
Surface Anatomy	243	(24)
Head	243	(1)
Neck	244	(3)
Trunk	247	(3)
Upper Limb (Extremity)	250	(5)
Lower Limb (Extremity)	255	(12)
Nervous Tissue	267	(10)
Nervous System Divisions	267	(1)
Histology of Nervous Tissue	268	(2)
Histology of Neuroglia	270	(1)
Neuronal Circuits	271	(1)
Reflex Arc	272	(1)
Demonstration of Reflex Arc	273	(4)
Nervous System	277	(48)
Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves	277	(15)
Brain	292	(11)
Cranial Nerves: Names and Components	303	(1)
Tests of Cranial Nerve Function	303	(4)
Dissection of Nervous System	307	(8)
Autonomic Nervous System	315	(10)
Sensory Receptors and Sensory Motor Pathways	325	(42)
Characteristics of Sensations	325	(1)
Classification of Receptors	326	(1)
Receptors for Somatic Senses	327	(2)
Tests for Somatic Senses	329	(3)
Somatic Sensory Pathways	332	(1)
Olfactory Sensations	333	(4)
Gustatory Sensations	337	(2)
Visual Sensations	339	(8)
Auditory Sensations and Equilibrium	347	(9)
Sensory-Motor Integration	356	(1)
Somatic Motor Pathways	356	(11)
Endocrine System	367	(14)
Endocrine Glands	367	(1)
Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)	367	(3)
Thyroid Gland	370	(1)
Parathyroid Glands	371	(1)
Adrenal (Suprarenal) Glands	372	(1)
Pancreas	373	(1)
Testes	374	(1)
Ovaries	375	(2)
Pineal Gland (Epiphysis Cerebri)	377	(1)
Thymus Gland	377	(1)
Other Endocrine Tissues	377	(1)
Physiology of the Endocrine System	378	(3)
Blood	381	(28)
Components and Origins of Blood	381	(2)
Plasma	383	(1)
Erythrocytes	384	(1)
Red Blood Cell Tests	385	(10)
Leukocytes	395	(1)
White Blood Cell Tests	396	(3)
Platelets	399	(1)
Drawings of Blood Cells	399	(1)
Blood Grouping (Typing)	399	(10)
Heart	409	(16)
Location and Surface Projection of Heart	409	(1)
Pericardium	410	(1)
Heart Wall	411	(1)
Chambers and Great Vessels of Heart	411	(4)
Valves of Heart	415	(2)
Blood Supply of Heart	417	(1)
Dissection of Sheep Heart	417	(8)
Blood Vessels	425	(64)
Arteries and Arterioles	425	(1)
Capillaries	425	(1)
Venules and Veins	425	(1)
Circulatory Routes	426	(45)
Blood Vessel Exercise	471	(3)
Dissection of Cat Cardiovascular System	474	(15)
Cardiovascular Physiology	489	(24)
Cardiac Conduction System and Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)	489	(6)
Cardiac Cycle	495	(2)
Cardiac Cycle Experiments	497	(4)
Heart Sounds	501	(1)
Pulse Rate	502	(1)
Blood Pressure (Auscultation Method)	503	(1)
Observing Blood Flow	504	(9)
Lymphatic and Immune System	513	(6)
Lymphatic Vessels	513	(2)
Lymphatic Tissues	515	(4)
Lymph Circulation	519	(1)
Dissection of Cat Lymphatic System	519	(1)
Respiratory System	519	(36)
Organs of the Respiratory System	523	(10)
Dissection of Cat Respiratory System	533	(4)
Dissection of Sheep Pluck	537	(1)
Laboratory Tests on Respiration	537	(10)
Laboratory Tests Combining Respiratory and Cardiovascular Interactions	547	(8)
Digestive System	555	(42)
General Organization of Digestive System	551	(6)
Organs of Digestive System	557	(13)
Dissection of Cat Digestive System	570	(6)
Deglutition	576	(2)
Observation of Movements of the Gastrointestinal Tract	578	(1)
Physiology of Intestinal Smooth Muscle	579	(5)
Chemistry of Digestion	584	(13)
Urinary System	597	(28)
Organs of Urinary System	597	(8)
Dissection of Cat Urinary System	605	(2)
Dissection of Sheep (or Pig) Kidney	607	(1)
Renal Physiology Experiments	608	(1)
Urine	608	(2)
Urinalysis	610	(15)
pH and Acid-Base Balance	625	(12)
The Concept of pH	625	(1)
Measuring pH	625	(2)
Acid-Base Balance	627	(3)
Acid-Base Imbalances	630	(1)
Renal Regulation of Hydrogen Ion Concentration	631	(6)
Reproductive Systems	637	(28)
Organs of Male Reproductive System	637	(5)
Organs of Female Reproductive System	642	(13)
Dissection of Cat Reproductive Systems	655	(4)
Dissection of Fetus-Containing Pig Uterus	659	(6)
Development	665	(16)
Spermatogenesis	665	(2)
Oogenesis	667	(2)
Embryonic Period	669	(7)
Fetal Period	676	(5)
Appendix A: Some Important Units of Measurement	681	(1)
Appendix B: Periodic Table of the Elements	682	(1)
Appendix C: Eponyms Used in This Laboratory Manual	683	(1)
Index and Figure Credits	684