Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology, Cat Version

by Wood, Michael G.

• ISBN13: 9780805373691
• ISBN10: 0805373691
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Spiral Bound
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Benjamin Cummings

Summary

Laboratory Manual for Anatomy & Physiology, Cat Version,Third Editionfeatures full-color illustrations and step-by-step instructions designed to help readers visualize structures, understand three-dimensional relationships, and comprehend complex physiological processes. Laboratory Safety, Introduction to the Human Body, Body Cavities and Membranes, Use of the Microscope, Anatomy of the Cell and Cell Division, Movement Across Cell Membranes, Epithelial Tissue, Connective Tissues, Muscle Tissue, Neural Tissue, The Integumentary System, Body Membranes, Skeletal System Overview, The Axial Skeleton, The Appendicular Skeleton, Articulations, Organization of Skeletal Muscles, Muscles of the Head and Neck, Muscles of the Chest, Abdomen, Spine, and Pelvis, Muscles of the Shoulder, Arm, and Hand, Muscles of the Pelvis, Leg, and Foot, Muscle Physiology, Organization of the Nervous System, The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Reflexes, Anatomy of the Brain, Autonomic Nervous System, General Senses, Special Senses: Olfaction and Gustation, Anatomy of the Eye, Physiology of the Eye, Anatomy of the Ear, Physiology of the Ear, The Endocrine System, Blood, Anatomy of the Heart, Anatomy of the Systemic Circulation, Cardiovascular Physiology, Lymphatic System, Anatomy of the Respiratory System, Physiology of the Respiratory System, Anatomy of the Digestive System, Digestive Physiology, Anatomy of the Urinary System, Physiology of the Urinary System, Anatomy of the Reproductive System, Development, Muscles of the Cat, Cat Nervous System, Cat Endocrine System, Cat Circulatory System, Cat Lymphatic System, Cat Respiratory System, Cat Digestive System, Cat Urinary System, Cat Reproductive System For all readers interested in anatomy & physiology of the cat.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Laboratory Safety	1	(8)
Laboratory Safety Rules	1	(1)
Location of Safety Equipment	2	(1)
Glassware	2	(1)
Electrical Equipment	3	(1)
Body Fluids	3	(1)
Chemicals	3	(1)
Laboratory Instruments	4	(1)
Preservatives	5	(1)
Disposal of Chemical and Biological Wastes	5	(2)
Laboratory Report Laboratory Safety	7	(2)
Introduction to the Human Body	9	(18)
Organization of the Body	10	(2)
Introduction to Organ Systems	12	(1)
Anatomical Position	12	(3)
Directional Terminology	15	(2)
Regional Terminology	17	(4)
Planes and Sections	21	(6)
Laboratory Report Introduction to the Human Body	23	(4)
Body Cavities and Membranes	27	(6)
Dorsal Body Cavity	27	(1)
Ventral Body Cavity	28	(2)
Serous Membranes	30	(3)
Laboratory Report Body Cavities and Membranes	31	(2)
Use of the Microscope	33	(12)
Microscope Care and Handling	33	(1)
Parts of the Compound Microscope	34	(2)
Using the Microscope	36	(4)
Depth of Field Observation	40	(1)
Relationship Between Magnification and Field Diameter	41	(4)
Laboratory Report Use of the Microscope	43	(2)
Anatomy of the Cell and Cell Division	45	(14)
The Cell Membrane	46	(1)
Organelles	47	(4)
Cell Division	51	(8)
Laboratory Report Anatomy of the Cell and Cell Division	55	(4)
Movement Across Cell Membranes	59	(16)
Brownian Movement	59	(1)
Diffusion of a Liquid	60	(2)
Diffusion of a Solid in a Gel	62	(1)
Osmosis	62	(3)
Concentration Gradients and Osmotic Rate	65	(1)
Observation of Osmosis in Cells	66	(1)
Active Transport Process	67	(8)
Laboratory Report Movement Across Cell Membranes	71	(4)
Epithelial Tissue	75	(14)
Introduction to Epithelia	76	(1)
Classification of Epithelia	77	(1)
Simple Epithelia	78	(1)
Pseudostratified and Transitional Epithelia	79	(4)
Stratified Epithelia	83	(6)
Laboratory Report Epithelial Tissue	87	(2)
Connective Tissues	89	(16)
Embryonic Connective Tissue	91	(1)
Connective Tissue Proper	91	(6)
Fluid Connective Tissue	97	(1)
Supportive Connective Tissue	98	(7)
Laboratory Report Connective Tissues	103	(2)
Muscle Tissue	105	(8)
Skeletal Muscle	105	(3)
Cardiac Muscle	108	(1)
Smooth Muscle	109	(4)
Laboratory Report Muscle Tissue	111	(2)
Neural Tissue	113	(6)
Neuron Structure	113	(2)
Neuroglia	115	(4)
Laboratory Report Neural Tissue	117	(2)
The Integumentary System	119	(10)
Epidermis and Dermis	119	(3)
Accessory Structures of the Skin	122	(7)
Laboratory Report The Integumentary System	127	(2)
Body Membranes	129	(10)
Mucous Membranes	129	(3)
Serous Membranes	132	(2)
Cutaneous Membrane	134	(1)
Synovial Membranes	134	(5)
Laboratory Report Body Membranes	137	(2)
Skeletal System Overview	139	(14)
Bone Structure	139	(2)
Histological Organization of Bone	141	(1)
Classification of Bones	142	(2)
The Skeleton	144	(2)
Bone Markings	146	(7)
Laboratory Report Skeletal System Overview	149	(4)
The Axial Skeleton	153	(32)
Overview of the Skull	153	(6)
Cranial Bones	159	(7)
Facial Bones	166	(4)
Hyoid Bone	170	(1)
Sinuses of the Skull	170	(1)
Fetal Skull	171	(1)
Vertebral Column	172	(6)
Thoracic Cage	178	(7)
Laboratory Report The Axial Skeleton	181	(4)
The Appendicular Skeleton	185	(20)
The Pectoral Girdle	185	(3)
The Upper Limb	188	(4)
The Pelvic Girdle	192	(2)
The Lower Limb	194	(11)
Laboratory Report The Appendicular Skeleton	201	(4)
Articulations	205	(20)
Joint Classification	205	(4)
Anatomical Structure of Synovial Joints	209	(1)
Types of Diarthroses	210	(2)
Skeletal Movement at Diarthrotic Joints	212	(6)
The Knee Joint	218	(7)
Laboratory Report Articulations	221	(4)
Organization of Skeletal Muscles	225	(16)
Skeletal Muscle Organization	225	(6)
The Neuromuscular Junction	231	(1)
Muscles As Lever Systems	232	(9)
Action, Origin, and Insertion	234	(1)
Naming Muscles	234	(3)
Laboratory Report Organization of Skeletal Muscles	237	(4)
Muscles of the Head and Neck	241	(14)
Muscles of Facial Expression	241	(4)
Muscles of the Eye	245	(1)
Muscles of Mastication	246	(1)
Muscles of the Tongue	247	(1)
Muscles of the Anterior Neck	247	(2)
Muscles That Move the Head	249	(6)
Laboratory Report Muscles of the Head and Neck	251	(4)
Muscles of the Chest, Abdomen, Spine, and Pelvis	255	(14)
Anterior Muscles of the Chest	255	(4)
Abdominal Muscles	259	(1)
Posterior Muscles of the Chest	260	(1)
Posterior Muscles of the Spine	261	(3)
Muscles of the Pelvic Region	264	(5)
Laboratory Report Muscles of the Chest, Abdomen, Spine, and Pelvis	267	(2)
Muscles of the Shoulder, Arm, and Hand	269	(14)
Muscles of the Shoulder	269	(3)
Muscles of the Upper Arm	272	(2)
Muscles of the Forearm	274	(4)
Muscles of the Hand	278	(5)
Laboratory Report Muscles of the Shoulder, Arm, and Hand	281	(2)
Muscles of the Pelvis, Leg, and Foot	283	(16)
Muscles of the Pelvic and Gluteal Regions	283	(2)
Muscles of the Upper Leg	285	(4)
Muscles of the Lower Leg	289	(3)
Muscles of the Foot	292	(7)
Laboratory Report Muscles of the Pelvis, Leg, and Foot	295	(4)
Muscle Physiology	299	(28)
Biochemical Nature of Muscle Contraction	300	(4)
Types of Muscle Contraction	304	(4)
Isometric and Isotonic Contractions	308	(1)
BIOPAC: Electromyography---Standard and Integrated EMG Activity	309	(4)
BIOPAC: Electromyography---Motor Recruitment and Fatigue	313	(14)
Laboratory Report Muscle Physiology	321	(2)
Laboratory Report Electromyography---Standard and Integrated EMG Activity	323	(2)
Laboratory Report Electromyography---Motor Recruitment and Fatigue	325	(2)
Organization of the Nervous System	327	(20)
Organization of the Nervous System	327	(2)
Histology of the Nervous System	329	(5)
BIOPAC: Reaction Time and Learning	334	(13)
Laboratory Report Organization of the Nervous System	341	(2)
Laboratory Report Reaction Time	343	(4)
The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Reflexes	347	(16)
Gross Anatomy of the Spinal Cord	347	(4)
Spinal Meninges	351	(2)
Spinal Nerves	353	(4)
Spinal Reflexes	357	(3)
Dissection of the Spinal Cord	360	(3)
Laboratory Report The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Reflexes	361	(2)
Anatomy of the Brain	363	(28)
Protection and Support of the Brain	364	(2)
Anatomy of the Brain	366	(7)
Ventricular System of the Brain	373	(3)
Cranial Nerves	376	(5)
Sheep Brain Dissection	381	(10)
Laboratory Report Anatomy of the Brain	387	(4)
Autonomic Nervous System	391	(14)
The Sympathetic (Thoracolumbar) Division	394	(3)
The Parasympathetic (Craniosacral) Division	397	(8)
Laboratory Report Autonomic Nervous System	401	(4)
General Senses	405	(12)
General-Sense Receptors	406	(1)
Two-Point Discrimination Test	407	(1)
Density and Location of Tactile Receptors	408	(1)
Density and Location of Thermoreceptors	409	(1)
Receptor Adaptation	410	(1)
Referred Pain	411	(1)
Proprioception	412	(5)
Laboratory Report General Senses	413	(4)
Special Senses: Olfaction and Gustation	417	(8)
Olfaction	417	(2)
Olfactory Adaptation	419	(1)
Gustation	420	(1)
The Interrelationship of Olfaction and Gustation	421	(4)
Laboratory Report Special Senses: Olfaction and Gustation	423	(2)
Anatomy of the Eye	425	(16)
External Anatomy of the Eye	425	(2)
Internal Anatomy of the Eye	427	(4)
Cellular Organization of the Retina	431	(2)
Observation of the Retina	433	(1)
Dissection of the Cow or Sheep Eye	433	(8)
Laboratory Report Anatomy of the Eye	437	(4)
Physiology of the Eye	441	(20)
Visual Acuity	441	(1)
Astigmatism Test	442	(1)
Blind-Spot Mapping	443	(1)
Accommodation	443	(2)
BIOPAC: Electrooculogram (EOG)	445	(16)
Laboratory Report Physiology of the Eye	455	(2)
Laboratory Report Physiology of the Eye: Electrooculogram	457	(4)
Anatomy of the Ear	461	(12)
The External Ear	461	(2)
The Middle Ear	463	(1)
The Inner Ear	464	(5)
Examination of the Tympanic Membrane	469	(4)
Laboratory Report Anatomy of the Ear	471	(2)
Physiology of the Ear	473	(8)
Equilibrium	473	(2)
Nystagmus	475	(1)
Hearing	476	(5)
Laboratory Report Physiology of the Ear	479	(2)
The Endocrine System	481	(20)
The Pituitary Gland	482	(2)
The Thyroid Gland	484	(3)
The Parathyroid Glands	487	(2)
The Thymus Gland	489	(2)
The Adrenal Glands	491	(2)
The Pancreas	493	(1)
The Gonads	494	(7)
Laboratory Report The Endocrine System	499	(2)
Blood	501	(18)
Composition of Whole Blood	501	(5)
ABO and Rh Blood Groups	506	(5)
Packed Red Cell Volume (Hematocrit)	511	(1)
Coagulation	512	(7)
Laboratory Report Blood	515	(4)
Anatomy of the Heart	519	(18)
Anatomy of the Heart Wall	520	(3)
Chambers and Vessels of the Heart	523	(4)
Valves of the Heart	527	(2)
Coronary Circulation	529	(2)
Conduction System of the Heart	531	(1)
Sheep Heart Dissection	532	(5)
Laboratory Report Anatomy of the Heart	535	(2)
Anatomy of the Systemic Circulation	537	(24)
Artery/Vein Comparison	538	(2)
Arteries of the Head, Neck, and Upper Limb	540	(6)
Arteries of the Abdominopelvic Cavity and Lower Limb	546	(3)
Veins of the Head, Neck, and Upper Limb	549	(4)
Veins of the Lower Limb and Abdominopelvic Cavity	553	(2)
Fetal Circulation	555	(6)
Laboratory Report Anatomy of the Systemic Circulation	557	(4)
Cardiovascular Physiology	561	(32)
Listening to Heart Sounds	563	(1)
Determining Blood Pressure	564	(3)
Measuring the Pulse	567	(1)
BIOPAC: Electrocardiography	568	(8)
BIOPAC: Electrocardiography and Blood Volume	576	(17)
Laboratory Report Cardiovascular Physiology	583	(2)
Laboratory Report BIOPAC: Electrocardiography	585	(4)
Laboratory Report BIOPAC: Electrocardiography and Blood Volume	589	(4)
Lymphatic System	593	(10)
Lymphatic Vessels	595	(1)
Lymphoid Tissues and Lymph Nodes	596	(3)
The Spleen	599	(4)
Laboratory Report Lymphatic System	601	(2)
Anatomy of the Respiratory System	603	(14)
The Nose and Pharynx	603	(3)
The Larynx	606	(2)
The Trachea and Bronchial Tree	608	(3)
The Lungs	611	(6)
Laboratory Report Anatomy of the Respiratory System	615	(2)
Physiology of the Respiratory System	617	(30)
Lung Volumes and Capacities	618	(4)
BIOPAC: Volumes and Capacities	622	(9)
BIOPAC: Respiratory Rate and Depth	631	(16)
Laboratory Report Physiology of the Respiratory System	639	(2)
Laboratory Report BIOPAC: Volumes and Capacities	641	(2)
Laboratory Report BIOPAC: Respiratory Rate and Depth	643	(4)
Anatomy of the Digestive System	647	(26)
Overview of the Digestive Tract	647	(4)
The Mouth	651	(4)
The Pharynx	655	(1)
The Esophagus	656	(1)
The Stomach	657	(2)
The Small Intestine	659	(3)
The Large Intestine	662	(2)
The Liver and Gallbladder	664	(3)
The Pancreas	667	(6)
Laboratory Report Anatomy of the Digestive System	669	(4)
Digestive Physiology	673	(10)
Digestion of Carbohydrate	675	(2)
Digestion of Lipid	677	(1)
Digestion of Protein	678	(5)
Laboratory Report Digestive Physiology	681	(2)
Anatomy of the Urinary System	683	(14)
The Kidneys	683	(2)
The Nephron	685	(4)
Blood Supply to the Kidney	689	(1)
The Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra	689	(3)
Dissection of the Sheep Kidney	692	(5)
Laboratory Report Anatomy of the Urinary System	695	(2)
Physiology of the Urinary System	697	(12)
Physical Analysis of Urine	699	(2)
Chemical Analysis of Urine	701	(2)
Microscopic Examination of Urine	703	(6)
Laboratory Report Physiology of the Urinary System	707	(2)
Anatomy of the Reproductive System	709	(22)
Male: The Testes and Spermatogenesis	709	(5)
Male: The Epididymis and Ductus Deferens	714	(1)
Male: The Accessory Glands	715	(2)
Male: The Penis	717	(1)
Female: The Ovaries and Oogenesis	718	(2)
Female: The Uterine Tubes and Uterus	720	(3)
Female: The Vagina and Vulva	723	(2)
Female: The Mammary Glands	725	(6)
Laboratory Report Anatomy of the Reproductive System	727	(4)
Development	731	(14)
First Trimester: Fertilization, Cleavage, and Blastocyst Formation	732	(2)
First Trimester: Implantation and Gastrulation	734	(4)
First Trimester: Extraembryonic Membranes and the Placenta	738	(2)
Second and Third Trimesters and Birth	740	(5)
Laboratory Report Development	743	(2)
DISSECTION EXERCISES
Muscles of the Cat	745	(22)
Preparing the Cat for Dissection	746	(2)
Superficial Muscles of the Back and Shoulder	748	(2)
Deep Muscles of the Back and Shoulder	750	(2)
Superficial Muscles of the Neck, Abdomen, and Chest	752	(3)
Deep Muscles of the Chest and Abdomen	755	(2)
Muscles of the Forelimb	757	(2)
Muscles of the Thigh	759	(2)
Muscles of the Lower Hindlimb	761	(6)
Laboratory Report Muscles of the Cat	765	(2)
Cat Nervous System	767	(8)
Preparing the Cat	767	(1)
The Brachial Plexus	768	(1)
The Sacral Plexus	768	(3)
The Spinal Cord	771	(4)
Laboratory Report Cat Nervous System	773	(2)
Cat Endocrine System	775	(6)
Preparing the Cat for Dissection	775	(1)
Endocrine Glands of the Cat	776	(5)
Laboratory Report Cat Endocrine System	779	(2)
Cat Circulatory System	781	(16)
Preparing the Cat for Dissection	781	(1)
Arteries Supplying the Head, Neck, and Thorax	782	(3)
Arteries Supplying the Shoulder and Forelimb (Medial View)	785	(1)
Arteries Supplying the Abdominal Cavity	785	(3)
Arteries Supplying the Hindlimb (Medial View)	788	(1)
Veins Draining the Head, Neck, and Thorax	789	(1)
Veins Draining the Forelimb (Medial View)	790	(1)
Veins Draining the Abdominal Cavity	790	(2)
Veins Draining the Hindlimb (Medial View)	792	(5)
Laboratory Report Cat Circulatory System	793	(4)
Cat Lymphatic System	797	(6)
Preparing the Cat for Dissection	797	(2)
The Cat Lymphatic System	799	(4)
Laboratory Report Cat Lymphatic System	801	(2)
Cat Respiratory System	803	(8)
Preparing the Cat for Dissection	803	(1)
Nasal Cavity and Pharynx	804	(1)
Larynx and Trachea	805	(1)
Bronchi and Lungs	805	(6)
Laboratory Report Cat Respiratory System	809	(2)
Cat Digestive System	811	(10)
Preparing the Cat for Dissection	811	(1)
The Oral Cavity, Salivary Glands, Pharynx, and Esophagus	812	(1)
The Abdominal Cavity, Stomach, and Spleen	813	(2)
The Small and Large Intestines	815	(2)
The Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas	817	(4)
Laboratory Report Cat Digestive System	819	(2)
Cat Urinary System	821	(6)
Preparing the Cat for Dissection	821	(1)
External Anatomy of the Kidney	822	(1)
Internal Anatomy of the Kidney	823	(4)
Laboratory Report Cat Urinary System	825	(2)
Cat Reproductive System	827	(8)
Preparing the Cat for Dissection	827	(1)
The Reproductive System of the Male Cat	828	(2)
The Reproductive System of the Female Cat	830	(5)
Laboratory Report Cat Reproductive System	833	(2)
Appendix: Weights and Measures	835	(2)
Photo Credits	837	(4)
Index	841