Langman's Medical Embryology

by Sadler, Thomas W.

• ISBN13: 9780781790697
• ISBN10: 0781790697
• Edition: 11th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2009-01-30
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

Widely acclaimed for its scientific authority, pedagogy, clinical relevance, and clear, concise writing, this classic text covers all aspects of embryology of interest to medical, nursing, and health professions students. It features outstanding full-color illustrations and clinical images and photographs, end-of-chapter summaries and Problems to Solve, and Clinical Correlates boxes that provide information on birth defects and other clinical entities directly related to embryologic concepts. This Eleventh Edition has additional images in the birth defects chapters, many new full-color clinical photographs, and recolorized drawings. Other highlights include a glossary, new and updated Problems to Solve, and updated molecular genetics information. A companion Website will include the fully searchable text, interactive review questions and problems, updated Simbryo animations of embryologic system development, and PowerPoint slides for instructors.

Table of Contents

General Embryology
Embryology: Old and New Frontiers and an Introduction to Molecular Regulation and Signaling	p. 3
Clinical Relevance	p. 3
A Brief History of Embryology	p. 4
Introduction to Molecular Regulation and Signaling	p. 5
Gametogenesis: Conversion of Germ Cells Into Male and Female Gametes	p. 13
Primordial Germ Cells	p. 13
Clinical Correlates	p. 13
The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance	p. 14
Clinical Correlates	p. 16
Morphological Changes During Maturation of the Gametes	p. 24
Clinical Correlates	p. 30
First Week of Development: Ovulation to Implantation	p. 33
Ovarian Cycle	p. 33
Clinical Correlates	p. 33
Fertilization	p. 36
Clinical Correlates	p. 40
Cleavage	p. 41
Blastocyst Formation	p. 41
Uterus at Time of Implantation	p. 43
Clinical Correlates	p. 43
Second Week of Development: Bilaminar Germ Disc	p. 47
Day 8	p. 47
Day 9	p. 47
Days 11 and 12	p. 48
Day 13	p. 50
Clinical Correlates	p. 51
Third Week of Development: Trilaminar Germ Disc	p. 55
Gastrulation: Formation of Embryonic Mesoderm and Endoderm	p. 55
Formation of the Notochord	p. 55
Establishment of the Body Axes	p. 56
Fate Map Established During Gastrulation	p. 61
Growth of the Embryonic Disc	p. 61
Clinical Correlates	p. 61
Further Development of the Trophoblast	p. 63
Third to Eighth Weeks: The Embryonic Period	p. 67
Derivatives of the Ectodermal Germ Layer	p. 67
Clinical Correlates	p. 73
Derivatives of the Mesodermal Germ Layer	p. 74
Clinical Correlates	p. 81
Derivatives of the Endodermal Germ Layer	p. 82
Patterning of the Anteroposterior Axis: Regulation by Homeobox Genes	p. 84
External Appearance During the Second Month	p. 85
Clinical Correlates	p. 87
Third Month to Birth: The Fetus and Placenta	p. 91
Development of the Fetus	p. 91
Fetal Membranes and Placenta	p. 95
Clinical Correlates	p. 95
Clinical Correlates	p. 97
Structure of the Placenta	p. 100
Clinical Correlates	p. 102
Clinical Correlates	p. 103
Amnion and Umbilical Cord	p. 104
Clinical Correlates	p. 105
Placental Changes at the End of Pregnancy	p. 105
Clinical Correlates	p. 106
Amniotic Fluid	p. 106
Fetal Membranes in Twins	p. 106
Clinical Correlates	p. 109
Parturition (Birth)	p. 111
Clinical Correlates	p. 111
Birth Defects and Prenatal Diagnosis	p. 113
Birth Defects	p. 113
Clinical Correlates	p. 120
Prenatal Diagnosis	p. 121
Fetal Therapy	p. 123
Systems-Based Embryology
Skeletal System	p. 127
Skull	p. 127
Clinical Correlates	p. 131
Limbs	p. 134
Clinical Correlates	p. 140
Vertebrae and the Vertebral Column	p. 142
Ribs and Sternum	p. 144
Clinical Correlates	p. 144
Clinical Correlates	p. 145
Muscular System	p. 147
Striated Skeletal Musculature	p. 147
Innervation of Axial Skeletal Muscle	p. 147
Molecular Regulation of Muscle Development	p. 149
Patterning of Muscles	p. 150
Head Musculature	p. 150
Limb Musculature	p. 150
Cardiac Muscle	p. 151
Smooth Muscle	p. 151
Clinical Correlates	p. 152
Body Cavities	p. 155
Formation of the Intraembryonic Cavity	p. 155
Serous Membranes	p. 155
Clinical Correlates	p. 156
Diaphragm and Thoracic Cavity	p. 159
Formation of the Diaphragm	p. 159
Clinical Correlates	p. 162
Cardiovascular System	p. 165
Establishment of the Cardiogenic Field	p. 165
Formation and Position of the Heart Tube	p. 165
Formation of the Cardiac Loop	p. 168
Clinical Correlates	p. 170
Molecular Regulation of Cardiac Development	p. 170
Development of the Sinus Venosus	p. 171
Formation of the Cardiac Septa	p. 173
Clinical Correlates	p. 173
Clinical Correlates	p. 177
Clinical Correlates	p. 183
Formation of the Conducting System of the Heart	p. 185
Vascular Development	p. 185
Clinical Correlates	p. 190
Clinical Correlates	p. 195
Circulation Before and After Birth	p. 196
Respiratory System	p. 201
Formation of the Lung Buds	p. 201
Clinical Correlates	p. 202
Larynx	p. 203
Trachea, Bronchi, and Lungs	p. 203
Maturation of the Lungs	p. 205
Clinical Correlates	p. 206
Digestive System	p. 209
Divisions of the Gut Tube	p. 209
Molecular Regulation of Gut Tube Development	p. 210
Mesenteries	p. 211
Foregut	p. 212
Clinical Correlates	p. 213
Clinical Correlates	p. 218
Molecular Regulation of Liver Induction	p. 221
Clinical Correlates	p. 221
Pancreas	p. 222
Clinical Correlates	p. 223
Midgut	p. 223
Clinical Correlates	p. 227
Hindgut	p. 230
Clinical Correlates	p. 231
Urogenital System	p. 235
Urinary System	p. 235
Clinical Correlates	p. 240
Clinical Correlates	p. 242
Clinical Correlates	p. 245
Genital System	p. 246
Clinical Correlates	p. 254
Clinical Correlates	p. 257
Clinical Correlates	p. 258
Clinical Correlates	p. 262
Head and Neck	p. 265
Pharyngeal Arches	p. 267
Pharyngeal Pouches	p. 271
Pharyngeal Clefts	p. 273
Molecular Regulation of Facial Development	p. 273
Clinical Correlates	p. 275
Tongue	p. 277
Clinical Correlates	p. 278
Thyroid Gland	p. 278
Clinical Correlates	p. 279
Face	p. 280
Intermaxillary Segment	p. 282
Secondary Palate	p. 283
Clinical Correlates	p. 284
Nasal Cavities	p. 287
Teeth	p. 287
Molecular Regulation of Tooth Development	p. 290
Clinical Correlates	p. 290
Central Nervous System	p. 293
Spinal Cord	p. 294
Clinical Correlates	p. 302
Brain	p. 303
Clinical Correlates	p. 310
Molecular Regulation of Brain Development	p. 313
Clinical Correlates	p. 315
Cranial Nerves	p. 319
Autonomic Nervous System	p. 319
Clinical Correlates	p. 323
Ear	p. 327
Internal Ear	p. 327
Middle Ear	p. 330
External Ear	p. 332
Clinical Correlates	p. 333
Eye	p. 335
Optic Cup and Lens Vesicle	p. 335
Retina, Iris, and Ciliary Body	p. 337
Lens	p. 339
Choroid, Sclera, and Cornea	p. 339
Vitreous Body	p. 339
Optic Nerve	p. 340
Molecular Regulation of Eye Development	p. 340
Clinical Correlates	p. 342
Integumentary System	p. 345
Skin	p. 345
Clinical Correlates	p. 346
Clinical Correlates	p. 346
Hair	p. 347
Clinical Correlates	p. 348
Sweat Glands	p. 348
Mammary Glands	p. 348
Clinical Correlates	p. 349
Appendix
Answers to Problems	p. 353
Glossary of Key Terms	p. 362
Figure Credits	p. 369
Index	p. 373
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