Language, Culture, and Society : An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology

by Salzmann, Zdenek; Stanlaw, James M.; Adachi, Nobuko

• ISBN13: 9780813345406
• ISBN10: 0813345405
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2011-09-13
• Publisher: WESTVIEW

Summary

For four previous editions, professors have turned to Zdenek Salzmann#x19;s Language, Culture, and Societyfor its comprehensive coverage of all critical aspects of linguistic anthropology, as well as for its student-friendly pedagogy. New coauthors James Stanlaw and Adachi Nobuko join Salzmann in revising this classic text. With extensive updates and expanded discussions of fundamental issues in the field, the fifth edition continues to be the essential teaching text for the introductory linguistic anthropology course. The fifth edition features three new chapters on language and thought, language and ideology, and language in a globalized world, as well as expanded consideration of the role of linguistics as a key subfield of anthropology. This edition also includes an updated built-in resource manual and study guide, including key terms, discussion questions, projects, objective study questions, and suggestions for further reading.

Author Biography

Zdenek Salzmann is professor emeritus of anthropology at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and adjunct professor at Northern Arizona University. He is the author (with Joy Salzmann) of Native Americans of the Southwest (Westview Press). James Stanlaw is professor of anthropology at Illinois State University. He is the author of Japanese English: Language and Culture Contact. Nobuko Adachi is associate professor of anthropology at Illinois State University. She is the author of Japanese Diasporas: Unsung Pasts, Conflicting Presents, and Uncertain Futures.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Introducing Linguistic Anthropology	p. 1
Why Should We Study Language? Language in Daily Life	p. 1
Modern Myths Concerning Languages	p. 3
Brief History of Anthropology	p. 9
Anthropology, Linguistics, and Linguistic Anthropology	p. 13
Summary and Conclusions	p. 15
Methods of Linguistic Anthropology	p. 17
Contrasting Linguistics with Linguistic Anthropology	p. 17
The Fieldwork Component	p. 19
A Checklist for Research in the Field	p. 27
Summary and Conclusions	p. 30
Language Is Sound: Phonology	p. 31
The Anatomy and Physiology of Speech	p. 33
Articulation of Speech Sounds	p. 36
From Phones to Phonemes	p. 41
Phonemes of English	p. 45
Prosodic Features	p. 47
Etics and Ernics	p. 49
Summary and Conclusions	p. 52
Structure of Words and Sentences	p. 53
Morphemes and Allomorphs	p. 54
Morphological Processes	p. 58
Morphophonemics	p. 61
The Sentence as a Unit of Analysis	p. 63
Inflections and Word Order	p. 66
Chomsky and Transformational-Generative Grammar	p. 67
Summary and Conclusions	p. 70
Nonverbal Communication	p. 73
Paralinguistics	p. 75
Kinesics	p. 76
Proxemios	p. 78
Whistle "Languages,"	p. 81
Sign Languages	p. 82
Summary and Conclusions	p. 86
The Development and Evolution of Language	p. 87
Communication and Its Channels	p. 87
Communication Among Social Insects	p. 89
Communication Among Nonhuman Primates and Other Vertebrates	p. 92
When Does a Communication System Become Language?	p. 96
Milestones in Human Evolution	p. 97
Design Features of Language	p. 101
Language as an Evolutionary Product	p. 105
Monogenesis Versus Polygenesis	p. 108
Estimating the Age of Language: Linguistic Considerations	p. 110
Estimating the Age of Language: The View from Prehistory	p. 112
Estimating the Age of Language: Evidence from Anatomy	p. 114
Summary and Conclusions	p. 116
Acquiring Language(s): Life with First Languages, Second Languages, and More	p. 119
The First Steps of Language Acquisition in Childhood	p. 119
Theories of Language Acquisition	p. 121
Language and the Brain	p. 126
Bilingual and Multilingual Brains	p. 128
The Social Aspects of Multilingualism	p. 130
Code-Switchingj Code-Mixing, and Diglossia	p. 135
Summary and Conclusions	p. 137
Language Through Time	p. 141
How Languages Are Classified	p. 141
Internal and External Changes	p. 145
How and Why Sound Changes Occur	p. 148
Reconstructing Frotolanguages	p. 151
Reconstructing the Ancestral Homeland	p. 154
Reconstructing a Protoculture	p. 158
Trying to Date the Past: Glottochronology	p. 161
Time Perspective in Culture	p. 164
Summary and Conclusions	p. 166
Languages in Variation and Languages in Contact	p. 169
Idiolects	p. 169
Dialects	p. 170
Styles	p. 171
Language Contact	p. 172
Pidgins	p. 174
From Pidgins to Creoles	p. 176
Language Contact in the Contemporary World	p. 180
The World of Languages	p. 182
Summary and Conclusions	p. 184
Ethnography of Communication	p. 185
Speech Community and Related Concepts	p. 186
Units of Speech Behavior	p. 188
Components of Communication	p. 189
Subanun Drinking Talk	p. 197
Attitudes Toward the Use of Speech	p. 198
Recent Trends in the Ethnography of Speaking	p. 202
Summary and Conclusions	p. 203
Culture as Cognition, Culture as Categorization: Meaning and Language in the Conceptual World	p. 205
Concepts, Words, and Categories	p. 209
The Lexical Nature of Concepts	p. 211
The Rise and (Relative) Fall of Ethnoscience	p. 215
Sound Symbolism and Synesthesia	p. 220
Studies of Discourse	p. 222
Summary and Conclusions	p. 224
Language, Culture, and Thought	p. 225
The Stimulus of Sapir's Writings	p. 226
The Whorf Hypothesis of Linguistic Relativity and Linguistic Determinism	p. 228
Whorf s Hypothesis Reconsidered	p. 232
Color Nomenclature and Other Challenges to Linguistic Relativity	p. 239
Theoretical Alternatives to Linguistic Relativity	p. 247
Future Tests of Linguistic Relativity and Linguistic Determinism	p. 251
Summary and Conclusions	p. 254
Language and Ideology: Variations in Class, Gender, Ethnicity, and Nationality	p. 257
Language, Social Class, and Identity	p. 258
Language and Gender	p. 261
Language, "Race," and Ethnicity	p. 273
Language and Nationality	p. 282
Summary and Conclusions	p. 289
Linguistic Anthropology in a Globalized World	p. 291
Language Planning	p. 292
Literacy, Writing, and Education	p. 294
The Life and Death of Languages	p. 297
Intercultural Communication and Translation	p. 302
Language and the Law	p. 309
English as an International Language	p. 314
Always On: New Literacies and Language in an Online Global World	p. 315
Ethical Questions and Standards of Conduct	p. 322
Summary and Conclusions	p. 324
Resource Manual and Study Guide	p. 327
Answers to the Objective Study Questions and Problems	p. 371
Glossary	p. 377
Bibliography	p. 389
Languages Mentioned in the Text and Their Locations (Map)	p. 419
Index	p. 423
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