Lateral DNA Transfer: Mechanisms and Consequences

by Bushman, Frederic

• ISBN13: 9780879696214
• ISBN10: 0879696214
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Pr

Summary

This book is about mobile genes—the transfer of DNA between unrelated cells. It discusses the machinery of gene transfer and its wide-ranging biological and health consequences. Mobile DNA makes possible the development of antibiotic resistance in microbes, the conversion of harmless to pathogenic bacteria, and the triggering of cancerous growth in cells. It also contributes to human evolution. This well-illustrated volume contains an up-to-date account of a topic now seen as increasingly important, and will be invaluable for both working scientists and as a textbook for advanced courses.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Introduction	1	(14)
Book Summary	3	(3)
The Machinery of Lateral DNA Transfer	6	(6)
Mobile DNA and Evolution	12	(2)
References	14	(1)
DNA and Lateral Transfer	15	(12)
The Structure of DNA	16	(2)
A Brief Overview of Molecular Biology	18	(7)
References	25	(2)
Conjugation, Transposition, and Antibiotic Resistance	27	(46)
Antibiotic-resistant Infections	28	(1)
The Antibiotic Era	29	(2)
Mechanisms of Antibiotic Action	31	(4)
Types and Origin of Antibiotic Resistance	35	(1)
The Spread of Resistance Genes	36	(30)
Microbial Ecology and Antibiotic Resistance	66	(2)
References	68	(5)
Phage Transduction and Bacterial Pathogenesis	73	(56)
Transduction and Bacterial Pathogenesis	74	(1)
Phage λ Replication	75	(5)
λ Site-specific Recombinations	80	(6)
Phage Mu	86	(11)
Exchange of DNA Sequences among Phage	97	(4)
Generalized Transduction	101	(2)
Specialized Transduction	103	(2)
Transporting Genes for Bacterial Pathogenesis by Phage Infection	105	(3)
Pathogenic E. coli and the Discovery of Pathogenicity Islands	108	(3)
Scarlet Fever, Toxic Shock-like Syndrome, and Streptococcus pyogenes Phage T12	111	(3)
Phages Transporting Pathogenicity Islands: Vibrio cholerae	114	(3)
Staphylococcus aureus and Toxic Shock: A Pathogenicity Island as a Satellite Phage	117	(2)
Other Means of Mobilizing Pathogenic Determinants	119	(1)
Pathogenicity Islands and Pathogen Evolution	120	(1)
Gene Transfer Agents	121	(2)
References	123	(6)
Microbial Genomes and DNA Exchange	129	(40)
Mobile DNA and the E. coli K-12 Sequence	131	(2)
Rates of Lateral DNA Transfer Inferred from the E. coli K-12 Genome	133	(5)
The Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 Sequence	138	(1)
E. coli Diversity Studied with DNA Chips	139	(1)
Lateral DNA Transfer and the Microbial Genome Sequences	140	(2)
Lateral Transfer in Archaea	142	(1)
Operon Structure and Lateral DNA Transfer	142	(4)
Gene Transfer between Bacteria in the Environment	146	(7)
Can Microbial Organisms Be Divided into Species?	153	(8)
References	161	(8)
Gene Transfer by Retroviruses	169	(44)
Mobile DNA in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes	169	(3)
Retroviral Structure	172	(2)
Retroviral Genomes	174	(3)
Retroviral Phylogeny	177	(1)
Retroviral Cell Binding and Entry	178	(3)
Retroviral Reverse Transcription	181	(4)
Retroviral Integration	185	(4)
Retroviral Transcription	189	(1)
Retroviral Translation, Assembly, and Budding	190	(4)
Retroviral Transduction and Cancer	194	(3)
Insertional Activation of Oncogenes	197	(4)
Gene Inactivation by Retroviral Integration	201	(2)
Endogenous Retroviruses	203	(3)
Retroviral Sequences Incorporated in Host Cell Genes	206	(3)
References	209	(4)
Lateral DNA Transfer and the AIDS Epidemic	213	(26)
The AIDS Epidemic	214	(2)
Transmission of HIV	216	(1)
Disease Course	216	(2)
HIV Infection at the Molecular Level	218	(5)
Control of the HIV Life Cycle	223	(1)
The Puzzling Lack of Endogenous Lentiviruses	223	(1)
The Origin of the HIV Epidemic	223	(3)
Therapy of HIV	226	(6)
Reversing Evasion by Integration	232	(3)
References	235	(4)
Genes Floating on a Sea of Retrotransposons	239	(34)
Introduction to Retroelements and Their Relatives	240	(3)
Lateral Transfer of Retrotransposons	243	(2)
LTR Retrotransposons	245	(5)
The Non-LTR Retrotransposons	250	(5)
Mobile Introns	255	(10)
Processed Pseudogenes, SINEs, and ``Retro-genes''	265	(2)
References	267	(6)
The DNA Transposons of Eukaryotes: Mariners Sailing to Survive?	273	(30)
Families of Eukaryotic Transposons	276	(1)
Transposition of Tc1/mariner Elements	276	(7)
P-element Transposition	283	(4)
hobo, Ac, and Tam: The hAT Family	287	(5)
The foldback Family	292	(2)
Lateral Transfer to Avoid Extinction?	294	(3)
DNA Transposons and Genome Structure	297	(2)
References	299	(4)
Lateral Transfer in Eukaryotic Genomes: Fluidity in the Human Blueprint	303	(36)
Yeast	305	(3)
The Worm Caenorhabditis elegans	308	(2)
Drosophila melanogaster	310	(6)
Humans	316	(8)
Mouse	324	(2)
The Mustard Plant Arabidopsis thaliana	326	(5)
Mobile Element Content in Eukaryotic Genomes	331	(3)
References	334	(5)
A Transposon Progenitor of the Vertebrate Immune System	339	(26)
Overview of the Adaptive Immune System	340	(4)
Covalent Rearrangement of the Genes for the Antigen Receptors	344	(2)
DNA Signals Mediating VDJ Recombination	346	(1)
Recombination Activating Genes	347	(1)
The VDJ Recombination Pathway	348	(1)
Generating the Full Complement of Antigen-binding Proteins	349	(1)
Parallels between VDJ Recombination and Transposition	350	(3)
The Pathogen Side: DNA Rearrangements to Evade the Immune System	353	(8)
References	361	(4)
DNA Transfer Among the Domains of Life	365	(22)
DNA Transfer from Agrobacterium to Plants	366	(8)
Conjugative Transfer between Domains of Life	374	(1)
Transfer of DNA to Animal Cells by Intracellular Bacteria	375	(1)
Gene Exchanges between Bacteria and Archaea	375	(1)
Gene Transfer from Bacteria to Eukaryotes via Endosymbionts	376	(6)
Gene Transfer by Eating DNA?	382	(1)
References	383	(4)
Controlling Mobile Element Activity	387	(30)
Prokaryotic Strategies for Controlling DNA Transfer	388	(4)
Eukaryotic Strategies for Controlling DNA Transfer	392	(13)
Mobile Element-encoded Mechanisms for Controlling DNA Transfer	405	(7)
References	412	(5)
Lateral DNA Transfer: Themes and Evolutionary Implications	417	(20)
Lateral DNA Transfer: Themes and Generalizations	417	(9)
Lateral Transfer and Evolution: Introns, Sex, and the Early Evolution of Life	426	(5)
The Impact of Lateral DNA Transfer: Looking Forward	431	(1)
References	432	(5)
Index	437