The Law And Special Education

by Yell, Mitchell L.

• ISBN13: 9780131106703
• ISBN10: 0131106708
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

The second edition of one of the top special education law books in the field acquaints readers with the legal development and current legal requirements of special education. The book includes new information on the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 and the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. Special Education K-12 Teachers and Administrators.

Table of Contents

Introduction to the American Legal System	1	(16)
The American Legal System	1	(13)
Federalism	1	(1)
Sources of Law	2	(4)
Sources of Judicial Power	6	(2)
Court Structure	8	(5)
Precedence	13	(1)
Holding and Dicta	13	(1)
The Opinion	14	(1)
The Law and Special Education	14	(1)
Summary	15	(1)
For Further Information	15	(1)
References	16	(1)
Legal Research	17	(26)
Primary Sources	18	(9)
Statutes and Regulations	18	(5)
Case Law	23	(4)
Finding Tools	27	(8)
The Annotated Codes	27	(1)
The West Digest System	27	(3)
Shepard's Citators	30	(5)
Secondary Sources	35	(3)
Legal Periodicals and Law Reviews	35	(2)
Loose-Leaf Services	37	(1)
Computers and Legal Research	38	(1)
Legal Research Strategies	39	(1)
Step 1: Analyze the Problem	39	(1)
Step 2: Conduct the Research	40	(1)
Step 3: Evaluate the Results	40	(1)
Summary	40	(1)
For Further Information	41	(1)
References	42	(1)
Legal Research on the Internet	43	(18)
The World Wide Web	44	(1)
Internet Research Tools	45	(3)
Directories and Search Engines	45	(1)
Online Communities	46	(1)
Weblogs (Blogs)	46	(1)
Electronic Newsletters	47	(1)
Law-Related Resources on the Internet	48	(2)
The Law and Special Education	48	(1)
Special Ed Connection	49	(1)
Education Law Association (ELA)	49	(1)
Wrightslaw	50	(1)
The Council for Exceptional Children	50	(1)
Government Resources Online	50	(5)
Government Sponsored Websites	50	(3)
Government Publications	53	(1)
U.S. Courts: The Federal Judiciary	53	(1)
FirstGov	54	(1)
Online Law Libraries	55	(1)
Legal Information Institute (LII) Cornell University Law School	55	(1)
Jurist Legal News and Research	55	(1)
A Strategy for Legal Research on the Internet	56	(3)
Preparing for Research	56	(1)
Organizing Your Hard Drive or Data Disk	56	(1)
Conducting the Research	57	(1)
Locating Information	57	(1)
Conducting an Internet Interview	57	(1)
Evaluating the Data	58	(1)
Summary	59	(1)
For Further Information	59	(1)
References	59	(2)
The History of the Law and Children with Disabilities	61	(22)
Compulsory Attendance	62	(1)
The Exclusion of Students with Disabilities	62	(1)
Parental Advocacy	63	(3)
The White House Conference of 1910	63	(1)
Public School Programming	63	(1)
The Organization of Advocacy Groups	64	(2)
The Civil Rights Movement and Brown v. Board of Education	66	(1)
Parental Advocacy in the Wake of Brown	66	(1)
The Equal Opportunity Cases	67	(2)
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens v. Pennsylvania, 1972	67	(1)
Mills v. Board of Education, 1972	68	(1)
Additional Cases	68	(1)
Recent Federal Involvement	69	(7)
State Education Statutes	76	(2)
The History of Special Education Law: From Access to Accountability	78	(1)
Summary	79	(1)
For Further Information	79	(1)
References	80	(3)
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act	83	(34)
The Development of the IDEA	84	(2)
Early Court Rulings and Legislation	84	(1)
The Passage of the IDEA	85	(1)
The Purpose and Structure of the IDEA	86	(16)
Purpose of the IDEA	86	(4)
Structure of the IDEA	90	(12)
The IDEA and the Reauthorization Process	102	(9)
Amendments to the IDEA	103	(1)
The IDEA Amendments of 1997	103	(3)
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004	106	(5)
Funding of the IDEA	111	(2)
Monitoring and Enforcing the IDEA	113	(1)
Summary	114	(1)
For Further Information	115	(1)
References	115	(2)
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973	117	(38)
The Development of Section 504	118	(2)
The Purpose and Structure of Section 504	120	(7)
The Purpose of Section 504	120	(1)
Who Is Protected?	120	(7)
The Structure of Section 504	127	(1)
Major Principles of Section 504	127	(9)
Protection from Discrimination	127	(7)
Free Appropriate Public Education	134	(1)
Evaluation and Placement Procedures	135	(1)
Procedural Safeguards	136	(1)
School District Responsibilities Under Section 504	136	(10)
Administrative Responsibilities	136	(3)
Educational Obligations	139	(7)
Enforcement of Section 504	146	(6)
Filing a Grievance	147	(1)
Filing a Complaint with the Office of Civil Rights	147	(2)
Filing for a Due Process Hearing	149	(1)
Filing a Suit in Federal Court	149	(1)
Comparison of the IDEA and Section 504	149	(3)
Summary	152	(1)
For Further Information	152	(1)
References	153	(2)
The Americans with Disabilities Act	155	(20)
The Development of the ADA	156	(1)
The Purpose and Structure of the ADA	157	(12)
Purpose of the ADA	158	(1)
Who Is Protected?	158	(3)
Structure of the ADA	161	(8)
School District Responsibilities	169	(2)
ADA Compliance Coordinator	170	(1)
Self-Evaluation	170	(1)
Transition Plan	171	(1)
Prohibition Against Discrimination	171	(1)
Summary	171	(1)
For Further Information	172	(1)
References	172	(3)
The No Child Left Behind Act	175	(42)
The Development of the NCLB	176	(4)
The History of Federal Involvement in Education: From Assistance to Accountability	176	(4)
The Purpose, Goals, and Structure of NCLB	180	(8)
The Purpose of No Child Left Behind	180	(1)
The Goals of No Child Left Behind	181	(1)
The Structure of No Child Left Behind	181	(7)
The Major Principles of NCLB	188	(24)
Accountability for Results	188	(14)
Scientifically Based Instruction	202	(3)
Highly Qualified Teachers and Paraprofessionals	205	(7)
Summary	212	(1)
For Further Information on NCLB	213	(1)
For Further Information of Scientifically Based Research	213	(1)
References	214	(3)
Free Appropriate Public Education	217	(32)
The FAPE Mandate of the IDEA	218	(1)
Components of a FAPE	219	(2)
Free Education	219	(1)
State Standards	220	(1)
Appropriate Education	220	(1)
Related Services and FAPE	221	(4)
Litigation and Related Services	223	(2)
Litigation and FAPE	225	(7)
Hendrick Hudson School District v. Rowley, 1982	226	(6)
Methodology and FAPE	232	(6)
FAPE and Lovaas Therapy	234	(3)
Extended School Year and FAPE	237	(1)
Determining Student Placement and FAPE	238	(3)
Determining Placement	239	(1)
Placement Factors	240	(1)
Graduation and FAPE	241	(1)
IDEA 1997, IDEA 2004, and FAPE	242	(1)
Summary	243	(1)
For Further Information	244	(1)
References	244	(5)
Identification, Assessment, and Evaluation	249	(24)
Definition of Assessment	250	(2)
Prereferral Decisions	250	(1)
Entitlement Decisions	250	(1)
Programming Decisions	251	(1)
Accountability / Outcome Decisions	251	(1)
The Assessment / Evaluation Process	252	(4)
Protection in Evaluation Procedures	256	(6)
Child Find	256	(1)
Parental Consent	256	(1)
Preplacement Evaluation	257	(1)
Comprehensiveness of the Evaluation	257	(1)
Qualifications of Evaluators	258	(1)
Evaluation Materials and Procedures	258	(2)
Special Rules for Eligibility Determination	260	(1)
Nondiscriminatory Evaluation	260	(2)
Interpretation of Evaluation Data	262	(1)
Medical Diagnosis and Eligibility Determination	263	(1)
Reevaluation	263	(1)
Independent Educational Evaluations	264	(2)
Accountability Efforts and Students with Disabilities	266	(3)
Minimum Competency Tests	267	(1)
Including Students with Disabilities in Accountability Efforts	268	(1)
Summary	269	(1)
For Further Information	270	(1)
References	270	(3)
The Individualized Education Program	273	(36)
Purposes of the IEP	275	(2)
Communication	275	(1)
Management	276	(1)
Accountability	276	(1)
Compliance and Monitoring	276	(1)
Evaluation	276	(1)
The IEP Mandate	277	(1)
IEP Development	277	(22)
The IEP Planning Process	277	(4)
The IEP Team	281	(6)
Content of the IEP	287	(12)
Substantive Requirements	299	(4)
Parental Participation	300	(2)
Reviewing and Revising the IEP	302	(1)
Communicating the Requirements of the IEP	302	(1)
Placement in Private Schools	303	(1)
Section 504 and the IEP	303	(1)
Litigation on the IEP	303	(2)
Summary	305	(1)
For Further Information	305	(1)
References	306	(3)
Least Restrictive Environment	309	(26)
LRE, Mainstreaming, and Inclusion	310	(4)
The LRE Mandate	311	(1)
Continuum of Alternative Placements	312	(2)
Related Factors in Educational Placements	314	(2)
Placement in the Neighborhood School	314	(1)
Nonacademic Programming	315	(1)
The Interests of Peers Without Disabilities	315	(1)
Judicial Standards of Review	316	(10)
The Roncker Portability Test	316	(1)
The Daniel Two-Part Test	317	(2)
The Rachel H. Four-Factor Test	319	(2)
Clyde K. v. Puyallup School District	321	(2)
The Hartmann Three-Part Test	323	(1)
Summary of Judicial Standard of Review	324	(1)
The Burden of Proof	324	(2)
Standards for Determining the LRE	326	(4)
Individualization	327	(1)
Benefits to the Student	328	(1)
Effect on Peers	328	(1)
Appropriateness	328	(1)
Integration	329	(1)
The Use of Supplementary Aids and Services	329	(1)
A Model for Determining LRE	330	(1)
Summary	331	(1)
For Further Information	332	(1)
References	332	(3)
Procedural Safeguards	335	(42)
Procedural Rights of Parents	336	(3)
Identification of Parents	336	(2)
Surrogate Parents	338	(1)
General Procedural Requirements	339	(5)
Notice Requirements	340	(1)
Consent Requirements	340	(2)
Opportunity to Examine Records	342	(1)
Independent Educational Evaluation	343	(1)
Dispute Resolution	344	(13)
Mediation	344	(2)
Resolution Session	346	(1)
The Due Process Hearing	346	(8)
Alternatives to the Due Process Hearing	354	(1)
School District Responsibilities in the Hearing	355	(2)
Remedies	357	(15)
Sovereign Immunity	357	(1)
Attorney's Fees	358	(5)
Injunctive Relief	363	(1)
Tuition Reimbursement	363	(3)
Compensatory Education	366	(1)
Compensatory Awards Under the IDEA	367	(1)
Punitive Damages	368	(4)
Summary	372	(1)
For Further Information	373	(1)
References	373	(4)
Disciplining Students with Disabilities	377	(42)
Discipline in the Schools	378	(1)
Procedural Due Process: The Right to Fair Procedures	379	(4)
Developing Schoolwide Discipline Policies	379	(2)
Extending Due Process Protection to Students	381	(2)
Ensuring That Discipline Practices Are Nondiscriminatory	383	(1)
Substantive Due Process: The Right to Reasonableness	383	(1)
The IDEA and Discipline	384	(16)
Addressing Problem Behavior in the IEP Process	386	(3)
Disciplinary Procedures	389	(6)
The Manifestation Determination	395	(2)
Interim Alternative Educational Settings	397	(2)
The Stay-Put Provision	399	(1)
Disciplining Students Not Yet Eligible for Special Education	400	(4)
Rodiriecus L. v. Waukegan School District, 1996	401	(1)
Honig Injunctions	401	(2)
Referral to Law Enforcement and Courts	403	(1)
The Legal Status of Disciplinary Procedures	404	(5)
Permitted Procedures	404	(1)
Controlled Procedures	404	(3)
Prohibited Procedures	407	(1)
Weapons	408	(1)
School District Responsibilities	409	(5)
Formulate and Disseminate Discipline Policies and Procedures	409	(2)
Recognize the Dual Disciplinary Standard	411	(1)
Document Disciplinary Actions Taken and Evaluate Their Effectiveness	412	(2)
Summary	414	(2)
For Further Information	416	(1)
References	416	(3)
Additional Issues	419	(32)
Issue #1: Student Records	419	(4)
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act	420	(3)
Summary of Student Records	423	(1)
Issue #2: Providing Special Education Services in Private Schools	423	(5)
Defining Private Schools	424	(1)
Children Enrolled in Private Schools by Their Parents	424	(2)
Children Placed in, or Referred to, Private Schools by Public Schools	426	(1)
Payment for Educating Children Enrolled in Private Schools Without the Consent of, or Referral by, the Public School	426	(1)
Public School Responsibilities Under EDGAR	427	(1)
School District Responsibilities to Private School Students	427	(1)
Summary of the IDEA and Private Schools	428	(1)
Issue #3: The IDEA and the Establishment Clause	428	(8)
Everson v. Board of Education, 1947	429	(1)
Lemon v. Kurtzman, 1971	430	(1)
Grand Rapids School District v. Ball, 1985	431	(1)
Aguilar v. Felton, 1985	431	(1)
Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District	432	(1)
The Establishment Clause and the IDEA	433	(1)
Post-Zobrest Cases	433	(1)
Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet, 1994	434	(1)
Agostini v. Felton, 1997	435	(1)
Summary of the IDEA and Parochial Schools	435	(1)
Issue #4: Liability for Student Injury	436	(6)
Tort Laws	436	(1)
Intentional Torts	436	(2)
Negligence	438	(2)
Teachers' Defenses Against Liability	440	(1)
School District Responsibilities Regarding Student Care and Supervision	441	(1)
Issue #5: Search and Seizure	442	(3)
New Jersey v. T.L.O., 1985	442	(1)
Cornfield v. Consolidated High School District No. 230, 1983	443	(1)
Thomas v. Carthage School District, 1996	444	(1)
Locker Searches	444	(1)
Summary	445	(1)
For Further Information	446	(1)
References	447	(4)
Appendix A: Major Changes of IDEA 2004	451	(10)
Appendix B: Relevant Sections of the U.S. Constitution	461	(2)
Glossary	463	(2)
Index of Cases	465	(4)
Author Index	469	(4)
Subject Index	473