Legal Aspects of Managing Technology

by Burgunder, Lee B.

• ISBN13: 9780324027204
• ISBN10: 0324027206
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-07-07
• Publisher: South-Western College/West

Summary

Whether you plan a career in management, engineering, architecture, biology, computer science, or other field that deals with innovations in any technological field, LEGAL ASPECTS OF MANAGING TECHNOLOGY will give you the understanding of the fundamental legal issues pertinent to technology management you need to competently create strategic plans in consultation with their attorneys. Up-to-date coverage focuses on integral technology law topics, including a intellectual property rights, privacy, biotechnology, e-commerce and antitrust.

Table of Contents

Table of Cases	p. xxi
An Overview of Intellectual Property Protection: A Policy Perspective	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
The Intellectual Property System	p. 3
Patents	p. 5
Copyrights	p. 5
Trade Secrets	p. 7
Trademarks	p. 7
The Public Policy Process in the United States	p. 9
The Power Struggle: Federal vs. State	p. 9
How Intellectual Property Policies Are Made in the United States	p. 13
An International Policy Perspective	p. 19
Unilateral Steps	p. 21
Bilateral Arrangements	p. 33
Multilateral Approaches	p. 38
Principles of Strategy for Managing Technology	p. 52
Conclusion	p. 54
Notes	p. 55
The U.S. Patent System: Fundamental Conditions for Protection	p. 60
Introduction	p. 60
Overview of Patent Policies and Processes	p. 62
Basic Requirements	p. 63
Patent Duration	p. 66
Enforcement Issues	p. 67
Novelty	p. 69
Is the Invention New?	p. 70
Was the Patent Application Filed in Time?	p. 77
Who Gets the Patent When There Are Multiple Investors?	p. 81
Nonobviousness	p. 85
Patentable Subject Matter	p. 94
Introduction	p. 94
Biotechnology Protection	p. 95
Diamond v. Chakrabarty	p. 95
Patent Protection for Computer Programs	p. 113
Diamond v. Diehr	p. 114
Design Patents	p. 131
International Protection of Industrial Designs	p. 135
Conclusion	p. 137
Notes	p. 137
Patent Policy: Obtaining and Defending Patent Rights	p. 145
Introduction	p. 145
The Patent Application Process: A Brief Overview	p. 146
Who May File the Patent Application	p. 146
When to Apply	p. 150
Dealing with the PTO	p. 152
Loss of Patent Rights	p. 157
Disclosure: Enablement and Best Mode	p. 160
Enablement	p. 160
Best Mode	p. 166
Infringement and Remedies	p. 167
Literal Infringement	p. 169
Doctrine of Equivalents	p. 170
File Wrapper Estoppel	p. 171
Infringement of Process Patents	p. 176
Remedies for Patent Infringement	p. 177
International Patent Protection Issues	p. 179
Substantive Patent Policy Issues	p. 180
Procedural Patent Policy Issues	p. 183
Conclusion	p. 190
Notes	p. 190
Protection of Secret Information: Trade Secrets and Unsolicited Ideas	p. 193
Introduction	p. 193
Rationales for Trade Secret Laws	p. 196
Important Aspects of Trade Secret Laws	p. 202
Definition of Trade Secret	p. 202
Misappropriation	p. 205
Proving Misappropriation	p. 213
Remedies for Trade Secret Misappropriation	p. 213
Trade Secret Protection Measures	p. 218
Federal Economic Espionage Act	p. 224
International Trade Secret Protection	p. 227
Concluding Remarks about Trade Secret Protection	p. 229
Presenting Unsolicited Ideas to Third Parties	p. 230
How Companies Handle Unsolicited Ideas	p. 234
Advice for Offering Unsolicited Ideas	p. 235
Conclusion	p. 236
Notes	p. 237
Copyright Protection: The Basics	p. 239
Introduction	p. 239
What May Be Protected by Copyright	p. 243
Protection of Original Expressions	p. 243
Protection of Databases	p. 246
Rights Provided by Copyright	p. 248
The Basic Exclusive Rights	p. 248
The Digital Transmission Right for Sound Recordings	p. 249
Fair Use and Other Exceptions to Copyright Protection	p. 251
Fair Use and Videocassette Recording	p. 254
Fair Use and the Controversy over Digital Audio Recording Formats	p. 258
Copyright Ownership	p. 266
Works Made for Hire	p. 267
Joint Works	p. 273
Moral Rights	p. 274
How to Obtain Copyright Protection	p. 274
Registration and Deposit	p. 274
Copyright Notice	p. 278
Duration of Copyright Protection	p. 279
Infringement and Remedies	p. 279
The Substantial Similarity Standard	p. 280
Clean-Room Techniques	p. 284
Remedies	p. 292
Conclusion	p. 294
Notes	p. 295
Copyright Policy: Specific Technology Applications	p. 297
Introduction	p. 297
Copyright Policy and Computer Programs	p. 299
The Importance of Distinguishing Ideas from Expressions	p. 300
The Original Approach in Computer Copyright Cases	p. 307
The Modern Approach in Computer Copyright Cases	p. 318
International Copyright Protection of Computer Programs	p. 330
Copyright Protection of Product Designs	p. 333
Copyright Protection for Architecture	p. 336
Legislative Proposals for Designs of Useful Articles	p. 337
Copyright and Artistic Media: Sampling, Imaging, and Multimedia Works	p. 338
Digital Audio Sampling	p. 339
Digital Imaging	p. 348
Multimedia Works	p. 350
Copyright Protection on the Internet	p. 352
Internet Service Provider Liability	p. 356
Linking, Framing, and Other Internet Copyright Issues	p. 366
Conclusion	p. 370
Notes	p. 371
Trademark Policy: Protecting Identification Symbols and Product Designs in International Markets	p. 375
Introduction	p. 375
Fundamental Principles of Trademark Protection	p. 376
Trademarks and Competitive Ethics	p. 377
Trademarks and Market Efficiency	p. 380
Generic Marks	p. 381
Descriptive Marks	p. 383
Trademark Protection of Product Characteristics	p. 390
Distinctiveness of Product Characteristics	p. 391
Functionality	p. 395
Trademark Protection and Computers	p. 401
Product Design Protection in the EU	p. 403
Federal Registration: Standards and Procedures	p. 403
Trademark Infringement and Remedies	p. 408
Likelihood of Confusion	p. 408
Dilution	p. 416
Remedies for Infringement	p. 420
International Aspects of Trademark Protection	p. 422
International Trademark Registration	p. 422
The Gray Market	p. 429
Trademark Issues on the Internet	p. 433
Trademark Rights and Domain Names	p. 434
Other Internet-Related Trademark Issues	p. 448
Conclusion	p. 451
Notes	p. 452
Tort Liability and Intrusions on Privacy	p. 457
Introduction	p. 457
Negligence	p. 458
Negligence and the Restatement of Torts	p. 459
Causation Issues in Negligence	p. 459
Proximate Cause: Responsibility for Negligence	p. 461
Defenses to Liability for Negligence	p. 462
What is Negligent Conduct?	p. 462
Negligence and Computer Programmers	p. 467
Strict Products Liability	p. 467
Policy Reasons for Strict Products Liability	p. 468
Products Liability and the Restatement of Torts (Second Edition)	p. 469
Forms of Product Defects	p. 470
The New Restatement of Torts on Products Liability	p. 477
Consumer Product Safety Committee Regulations	p. 479
Tort Reform Measures	p. 481
Examples of Strict Liability Policies in Other Countries	p. 482
Strict Products Liability and Computer Systems	p. 483
Intrusions on Privacy	p. 489
Privacy of Physical and Psychological Information	p. 490
Monitoring of Communications and Personal Activities	p. 492
Measures to Protect Privacy in Communications	p. 503
Data Collection	p. 510
Content Control and the Regulation of Indecent Speech	p. 516
Defamation	p. 526
Other High-Technology Tort Issues	p. 534
Intrusions on Computer Systems	p. 534
Intrusions on Publicity Rights	p. 538
Conclusion	p. 539
Notes	p. 539
Important Contract and Antitrust Issues for Technology Companies	p. 545
Introduction	p. 545
Warranties, Limitations, and Remedies	p. 546
Express Warranties	p. 548
Implied Warranties	p. 550
Remedies for Breach of Warranties and Limitations of Remedies	p. 552
Y2K Issues	p. 559
Shrink-Wrap and Click-Wrap Licenses	p. 562
General Principles Regarding Standardized Forms	p. 562
Standardized Forms in the Consumer Context	p. 562
The Trend in the Courts	p. 564
The Conscionability of Shrink-Wrap Licenses	p. 569
Proposals for New Model Laws	p. 571
Article 2B, UCITA, and UETA	p. 571
Electronic Commerce Issues	p. 573
Mass-Market Licenses	p. 577
Warranties	p. 578
Other Issues	p. 579
Strategic Alliances: Intellectual Property and Other Concerns	p. 580
Patent Issues	p. 583
Trade Secret Issues	p. 585
Copyright Issues	p. 586
Trademark Issues	p. 587
Liability Issues	p. 588
Alternative Dispute Resolution	p. 590
Antitrust and Anticompetitive Conduct	p. 595
Overview of Antitrust	p. 595
Application of the Antitrust Laws	p. 598
The Antitrust Debate About Microsoft	p. 607
International Dimensions of Antitrust	p. 616
Antitrust, Intellectual Property, and the Doctrine of Misuse	p. 620
Conclusion	p. 626
Notes	p. 627
Index	p. 637
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