Let's Review Chemistry

by Tarendash, Albert S.

• ISBN13: 9780764147197
• ISBN10: 0764147196
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2012-02-01
• Publisher: Barrons Educational Series Inc

Summary

Barron's Let's Review Seriestitles are classroom textbook supplements that help prepare high school students who are studying for New York State Regents exams. This book reviews all high school-level chemistry topics and includes: A topic review covering atomic structure, chemical formulas and equations, the mathematics of chemistry, thermochemistry and thermodynamics, the phases of matter, chemical periodicity, chemical bonding, and much more Practice and review questions with answers Two recent New York State Regents exams with answers

Table of Contents

Preface to the Fifth Edition	p. xi
To the Student	p. xi
To the Teacher	p. xii
Introduction to Chemistry	p. 1
Basic (Regents-Level) Material	p. 2
NYS Regents Concepts and Skills	p. 2
Chemistry is ... ?	p. 4
Matter and Energy	p. 4
Measurement and the Metric System	p. 13
Metric Prefixes	p. 14
Scientific Notation	p. 15
Volume and Density	p. 16
Reporting Measured Quantities	p. 17
Solving Problems	p. 23
End-of-Chapter Questions	p. 31
Atoms, Molecules, and ions	p. 39
Basic (Regents-Level) Material	p. 39
NYS Regents Concepts and Skills	p. 39
Introduction to the Atomic Model of Matter	p. 41
Development of the Early Models of the Atom	p. 42
The Current View of Atomic Structure	P44
Identifying Elements: Names, Symbols, and Atomic Numbers	p. 45
Neutrons, Isotopes, and Mass Numbers	p. 46
Molecules	p. 48
Ions	p. 49
End-of-Chapter Questions	p. 50
Formulas, Equations, and Chemical Reactions	p. 55
Basic (Regents-Level) Material	p. 55
NYS Regents Concepts and Skills	p. 55
Chemical Formulas	p. 56
Writing and Naming Chemical Formulas	p. 59
Chemical Equations	p. 65
Balancing a Chemical Equation	p. 65
Classifying Chemical Reactions	p. 68
Additional Material	p. 72
Other Ways of Naming Ionic Compounds	p. 72
End-of-Chapter Questions	p. 72
Chemical Calculations	p. 79
Basic (Regents-Level) Material	p. 80
NYS Regents Concepts and Skills	p. 80
Introduction	p. 81
Atomic Mass	p. 81
The Formula Mass of a Substance	p. 83
The Mole Concept and Molar Mass	p. 84
Problems Involving a Single Substance	p. 84
Problems Involving Chemical Equations	p. 88
Additional Material	p. 89
Converting Between Moles and Numbers of Particles	p. 89
Empirical Formula from Percent Composition	p. 90
Mole-Mass Problems	p. 91
Mass-Mass Problems	p. 92
Percent Yield	p. 93
Limiting Reactants	p. 94
End-of Chapter Questions	p. 96
Energy and Chemical Reactions	p. 105
Basic (Regents-Level) Material	p. 105
NYS Regents Concepts and Skills	p. 105
Energy and its Measurement	p. 107
Heat of Reaction	p. 109
Potential Energy Diagrams	p. 110
Spontaneous Reactions	p. 112
Additional Material	p. 114
Additional Calorimetry Problems	p. 114
Transfer of Energy and Equilibrium Temperature	p. 115
The Role of Energy in Chemical Reactions	p. 117
Additional Aspects of Heats of Reaction	p. 118
The Second Law of Thermodynamics	p. 123
End-of-Chapter Questions	p. 125
The Phases of Matter	p. 135
Basic (Regents-Level) Material	p. 136
NYS Regents Concepts and Skills	p. 136
Introduction	p. 137
Gases	p. 137
The Gas Laws	p. 139
The Kinetic-Molecular Theory (KMT) of Gas Behavior	p. 150
Liquids	p. 152
Solids	p. 154
Change of Phase	p. 154
Additional Material	p. 157
Measuring Gas Pressure in the Laboratory	p. 157
The Ideal (Universal) Gas Law	p. 159
The Density of an Ideal Gas at STP	p. 161
Gases and Chemical Reactions	p. 163
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures	p. 164
Graham's Law of Effusion (Diffusion)	p. 166
Gases Collected over Water	p. 167
Additional Fusion and Vaporization Problems	p. 169
Phase Diagrams	p. 170
End-of-Chapter Questions	p. 172
Nuclear Chemistry	p. 183
Basic (Regents-Level) Material	p. 184
NYS Regents Concepts and Skills	p. 184
Nuclear Particles	p. 186
Nuclear Equations	p. 186
Natural Radioactivity and Radioactive Decay	p. 187
Half-Life	p. 189
Uses of Radioisotopes	p. 190
Induced Nuclear Reactions	p. 191
Additional Material	p. 193
The Uranium-238 Decay Series	p. 193
Isomeric Transition	p. 194
Detection and Measurement of Radioactivity	p. 195
Solving Radioactive Decay Problems	p. 195
Particle Accelerators	p. 197
Fission Reactors	p. 197
End-of-Chapter Questions	p. 200
The Electronic Structure of Atoms	p. 209
Basic (Regents-Level) Material	p. 209
NYS Regents Concepts and Skills	p. 209
Introduction	p. 211
The Bohr Model of the Atom	p. 211
The Modern (Wave-Mechanical) Model	p. 214
Valence Electrons	p. 214
Lewis Structures (Electron-Dot Diagrams)	p. 215
Additional Material	p. 216
Atomic Orbitals and Sublevels	p. 216
Electron Configurations of Atoms	p. 218
Lewis Structures and Atomic Orbitals	p. 223
End-of-Chapter Questions	p. 225
Chemical Periodicity	p. 231
Basic (Regents-Level) Material	p. 231
NYS Regents Concepts and Skills	p. 231
Introduction	p. 233
The Periodic Table in History	p. 234
The Modern Periodic Table	p. 234
Properties Associated with Periodicity	p. 235
Variation of Periodic Properties Among the Elements	p. 238
The Chemistry of the Representative Groups	p. 246
The Chemistry of a Period	p. 248
Additional Material	p. 248
Sublevels and the Periodic Table	p. 248
Successive Ionization Energies	p. 249
Electron Affinity	p. 249
Additional Aspects of First Ionization Energy	p. 249
Variation of Successive Ionization Energies	p. 250
Synthetic Elements	p. 251
End-of-Chapter Questions	p. 253
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Shape	p. 259
Basic (Regents-Level) Material	p. 260
NYS Regents Concepts and Skills	p. 260
Bonding and Stability	p. 262
Ionic Bonding	p. 263
Covalent Bonding	p. 265
Electronegativity and Bonding	p. 266
Drawing the Lewis Structures of Covalent Molecules and Polyatomic Ions	p. 267
Network Solids	p. 270
Metallic Substances	p. 270
Dipoles and Polar Molecules	p. 271
Polarity and Molecular Symmetry	p. 272
Intermolecular Forces	p. 273
Physical and Chemical Properties of Bonded Substances: A Summary	p. 277
Additional Material	p. 278
Resonance Structures	p. 278
Additional Topics in Bonding	p. 280
End-of-Chapter Questions	p. 290
Organic Chemistry	p. 297
Basic (Regents-Level) Material	p. 298
NYS Regents Concepts and Skills	p. 298
Organic Chemistry Is ... ?	p. 299
Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Compounds	p. 300
Hydrocarbons and Homologous Series	p. 301
Functional Groups	p. 308
Organic Reactions	p. 314
Additional Material	p. 317
Stereoisomerism	p. 317
The Benzene Series	p. 318
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Alcohols	p. 319
Dihydroxy and Trihodroxy Alcohols	p. 320
Types of Polymerization	p. 320
End-of-Chapter Questions	p. 322
Solutions and Their Properties	p. 329
Basic (Regents-Level) Material	p. 330
NYS Regents Concepts and Skills	p. 330
A Solution Is ... ?	p. 331
Saturated and Unsaturated Solutions	p. 332
Solubility	p. 332
Concentrations of Solutions	p. 335
Effect of the Solute on the Solvent	p. 340
Behavior of Electrolytes in Solution	p. 340
Additional Material	p. 341
Mole Fraction	p. 341
Molality	p. 342
Dilution of Stock Solutions	p. 343
Solutions and Chemical Equations	p. 344
Calculating the Freezing and Boiling Points of Solutions	p. 345
Suspensions and Colloidal Dispersions	p. 346
End-of-Chapter Questions	p. 348
Kinetics and Equalibrium	p. 355
Basic (Regents-Level) Material	p. 355
NYS Regents Concepts and Skills	p. 355
Chemical Kinetics	p. 357
Reversible Reactions and Dynamic Equilibrium	p. 359
Phase Equilibrium	p. 360
Solution Equilibrium	p. 361
Chemical Equilibrium	p. 361
Additional Material	p. 365
The Common-Ion Effect	p. 365
Heterogeneous Equilibrium	p. 366
The Equilibrium Constant (Keq)	p. 366
Problems Involving the Equilibrium Constant	p. 369
Applications of Chemical Equilibrium	p. 372
End-of-Chapter Questions	p. 373
Acids and Bases	p. 385
Basic (Regents-Level) Material	p. 385
NYS Regents Concepts and Skills	p. 385
Operational Definitions of Acids and Bases	p. 387
Arrhenius Definitions of Acids and Bases	p. 389
Acid-Base Titration	p. 389
Brönsted-Lowry Definitions of Acids and Bases	p. 392
The pH Scale of Acidity and Basicity	p. 394
Acid-Base Indicators	p. 395
Additional Material	p. 396
Amphiprotic (Amphoteric) Substances	p. 396
Acid-Base Equilibria	p. 396
Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs	p. 398
Neutralization (Revisited)	p. 399
Strengths of Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs	p. 400
Ionization Constants of Acids and Bases (Ka and Kb)	p. 401
Ionization Constant of Water (Kw)	p. 403
A More Detailed Look at pH and pOH	p. 404
Hydrolysis of Salts in Aqueous Solutions	p. 407
Acid-Base Properties of Oxides	p. 409
Lewis Definitions of Acids and Bases	p. 409
End-of-Chapter Questions	p. 410
Reducation-oxidation(Redox) and Electrochemistry	p. 417
Basic (Regents-Level) Material	p. 417
NYS Regents Concepts and Skills	p. 417
What Are Oxidation and Reduction?	p. 419
Formal Definitions of Oxidation and Reduction	p. 420
Redox Equations	p. 421
Spontaneous Redox Reactions	p. 422
Electrochemical Cells	p. 425
Additional Material	p. 428
Balancing Redox Equations by the Half-ReactionMethod	p. 428
Balancing Redox Equations by the Ion-ElectronMethod	p. 429
Half-Cell Potentials and Cell Voltage	p. 432
The Standard Hydrogen Half-Cell	p. 434
Electrolysis of Water and Aqueous NaCl (Brine)	p. 435
Electroplating	p. 436
Additional Applications of Redox and Electrochemistry	p. 436
End-of-Chapter Questions	p. 438
The Chemistry Laboratory	p. 447
Introduction	p. 447
Safety Procedures	p. 448
Using Measuring Devices	p. 448
Basic Laboratory Skills	p. 449
Identification of Common Laboratory Apparatus	p. 449
Basic Laboratory Activities	p. 451
The Role of Color in Identifying Substances	p. 452
Guidelines for Laboratory Reports	p. 454
End-of-Chapter Questions	p. 454
Glossary	p. 465
New York State Regents Reference Tables For Chemistry	p. 479
Additional Reference Tables For Chemistry	p. 493
Answers To End-Of-Chapter Questions	p. 505
Answering Constructed-Response Questions	p. 523
The New York State Examination In Chemistry	p. 533
June 2011 Regents Examination	p. 535
Answers To Regents Examination	p. 66
Index	p. 567
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