Cengage Advantage Books: Liberty, Equality, Power A History of the American People, Compact

by Murrin, John M.; Johnson, Paul E.; McPherson, James M.; Gerstle, Gary; Rosenberg, Emily S.

• ISBN13: 9780495004646
• ISBN10: 0495004642
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-04-14
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Succeed in American history with THOMSON ADVANTAGE BOOKS: LIBERTY, EQUALITY, AND POWER, COMPACT EDITION! This history text shows how the pursuit of liberty and equality has shaped the nation, and how power has been used and abused in every aspect of American life between men and women, whites and blacks, and rich and poor. Features such as History through Film, chapter focus questions, chapter chronologies, charts, and tables help you master difficult concepts. The Book Companion Website contains additional study aids such as flashcards, tutorial quizzes, internet exercises, and links to the past designed to save you time and enhance your understanding of the material.

Table of Contents

Maps	xxii
History Through Film	xxiii
To the Student: Why Study History?	xxiv
Preface	xxvi
When Old Worlds Collide: Contact, Conquest, Catastrophe	1	(41)
Peoples in Motion	1	(1)
Chronology	2	(5)
From Beringia to the Americas	2	(2)
The Great Extinction and the Rise of Agriculture	4	(2)
The Polynesians and Hawaii	6	(1)
The Norsemen	6	(1)
Europe and the World in the 15th Century	7	(7)
China: The Rejection of Overseas Expansion	7	(1)
Europe versus Islam	8	(1)
The Legacy of the Crusades	9	(1)
The Unlikely Pioneer: Portugal	9	(2)
Africa, Colonies, and the Slave Trade	11	(2)
Portugal's Asian Empire	13	(1)
Early Lessons	13	(1)
Spain, Columbus, and the Americas	14	(3)
Columbus	14	(2)
Spain and the Caribbean	16	(1)
The Emergence of Complex Societies in the Americas	17	(13)
The Rise of Sedentary Cultures	18	(1)
The Andes: Cycles of Complex Cultures	19	(2)
Inca Civilization	21	(1)
Mesoamerica: Cycles of Complex Cultures	22	(3)
The Aztecs and Tenochtitlan	25	(1)
North American Mound Builders	26	(2)
Urban Cultures of the Southwest	28	(2)
Contact and Cultural Misunderstanding	30	(2)
Religious Dilemmas	30	(1)
War as Cultural Misunderstanding	31	(1)
Gender and Cultural Misunderstanding	32	(1)
Conquest and Catastrophe	32	(7)
The Conquest of Mexico and Peru	32	(2)
North American Conquistadores and Missionaries	34	(2)
The Spanish Empire and Demographic Catastrophe	36	(1)
Brazil	37	(1)
Global Colossus, Global Economy	37	(2)
Explanations: Patterns of Conquest, Submission, and Resistance	39	(1)
Conclusion	40	(1)
Suggested Readings	41	(1)
The Challenge to Spain and the Settlement of North America	42	(50)
The Protestant Reformation and the Challenge to Spain	43	(1)
Chronology	43	(2)
New France	45	(2)
Early French Explorers	45	(1)
Missions and Furs	46	(1)
History Through Film: Black Robe	47	(3)
New France under Louis XIV	49	(1)
The Dutch and Swedish Settlements	50	(3)
The East and West India Companies	51	(1)
New Netherland as a Pluralistic Society	52	(1)
Swedish and English Encroachments	53	(1)
The Challenge from Elizabethan England	53	(5)
The English Reformation	54	(1)
Hawkins and Drake	54	(1)
Gilbert, Ireland, and America	55	(1)
Ralegh, Roanoke, and War with Spain	56	(2)
The Swarming of the English	58	(1)
The Chesapeake and West Indian Colonies	58	(11)
The Jamestown Disaster	59	(1)
Reorganization, Reform, and Crisis	60	(2)
Tobacco, Servants, and Survival	62	(2)
Maryland	64	(1)
Chesapeake Family Life	65	(1)
The West Indies and the Transition to Slavery	66	(1)
The Rise of Slavery in North America	67	(2)
The New England Colonies	69	(9)
The Pilgrims and Plymouth	70	(1)
Covenant Theology	70	(2)
Massachusetts Bay	72	(1)
Puritan Family Life	73	(1)
Conversion, Dissent, and Expansion	73	(2)
Congregations, Towns, and Colony Governments	75	(1)
Infant Baptism and New Dissent	76	(2)
The English Civil Wars	78	(1)
The First Restoration Colonies	78	(6)
Carolina, Harrington, and the Aristocratic Ideal	79	(2)
New York: An Experiment in Absolutism	81	(3)
Brotherly Love: The Quakers and America	84	(6)
Quaker Beliefs	84	(2)
Quaker Families	86	(1)
West New Jersey	86	(1)
Pennsylvania	87	(3)
Conclusion	90	(1)
Suggested Readings	91	(1)
England Discovers Its Colonies: Empire, Liberty, and Expansion	92	(43)
Chronology	93	(1)
The Atlantic Prism and the Spectrum of Settlement	94	(6)
Demographic Differences	94	(3)
Race, Ethnicity, and Economy	97	(1)
Religion and Education	97	(1)
Local and Provincial Governments	98	(1)
Unifying Trends: Language, War, Law, and Inheritance	99	(1)
The Beginnings of Empire	100	(5)
Upheaval in America: The Critical 1640s	100	(1)
Mercantilism as a Moral Revolution	101	(1)
The First Navigation Act	102	(1)
Restoration Navigation Acts	103	(2)
Indians, Settlers, Upheaval	105	(8)
Indian Strategies of Survival	105	(1)
Puritan Indian Missions	106	(1)
Metacom's (or King Philip's) War	107	(3)
Virginia's Indian War	110	(1)
Bacon's Rebellion	111	(2)
Crisis in England and the Redefinition of Empire	113	(3)
The Popish Plot, the Exclusion Crisis, and the Rise of Party	114	(1)
The Lords of Trade and Imperial Reform	114	(2)
The Dominion of New England	116	(1)
The Glorious Revolution	116	(8)
The Glorious Revolution in America	117	(1)
The English Response	118	(1)
The Salem Witch Trials	119	(1)
The Completion of Empire	120	(2)
Imperial Federalism	122	(1)
The Mixed and Balanced Constitution	122	(2)
Contrasting Empires: Spain and France in North America	124	(4)
The Pueblo Revolt	124	(1)
New France and the Middle Ground	125	(2)
French Louisiana and Spanish Texas	127	(1)
An Empire of Settlement: The British Colonies	128	(5)
The Engine of British Expansion: The Colonial Household	128	(2)
The Voluntaristic Ethic and Public Life	130	(1)
Three Warring Empires, 1689--1716	130	(3)
Conclusion	133	(1)
Suggested Readings	134	(1)
Provincial America and the Struggle for a Continent	135	(50)
Expansion versus Anglicization	135	(1)
Chronology	136	(3)
Threats to Householder Autonomy	137	(1)
Anglicizing the Role of Women	138	(1)
Expansion, Immigration, and Regional Differentiation	139	(8)
Emergence of the Old South	139	(4)
The Mid-Atlantic Colonies: The ``Best Poor Man's Country''	143	(1)
The Backcountry	144	(1)
New England: A Faltering Economy and Paper Money	145	(2)
Anglicizing Provincial America	147	(6)
The World of Print	148	(2)
The Enlightenment in America	150	(1)
Lawyers and Doctors	150	(1)
Georgia: The Failure of an Enlightenment Utopia	151	(2)
The Great Awakening	153	(5)
Origins of the Revivals	153	(2)
Whitefield Launches the Transatlantic Revival	155	(1)
Disruptions	155	(1)
Long-Term Consequences of the Revivals	156	(1)
New Colleges	157	(1)
The Denominational Realignment	158	(1)
Political Culture in the Colonies	158	(4)
The Rise of the Assembly and the Governor	159	(1)
``Country'' Constitutions: The Southern Colonies	160	(1)
``Court'' Constitutions: The Northern Colonies	161	(1)
The Renewal of Imperial Conflict	162	(9)
Challenges to French Power	162	(2)
The Danger of Slave Revolts and War with Spain	164	(3)
France versus Britain: King George's War	167	(1)
The Impending Storm	168	(3)
The War for North America	171	(12)
The Albany Congress and the Onset of War	171	(2)
Britain's Years of Defeat	173	(3)
A World War	176	(1)
Imperial Tensions: From Loudoun to Pitt	177	(2)
The Years of British Victory	179	(3)
The Cherokee War and Spanish Intervention	182	(1)
The Peace of Paris	182	(1)
Conclusion	183	(1)
Suggested Readings	184	(1)
Reform, Resistance, Revolution	185	(41)
Imperial Reform	186	(1)
Chronology	186	(6)
From Pitt to Grenville	187	(1)
The Grenville Ministry	187	(1)
Indian Policy and Pontiac's War	188	(2)
The Sugar Act	190	(1)
The Currency Act and the Quartering Act	190	(1)
The Stamp Act	191	(1)
The Stamp Act Crisis	192	(4)
Nullification	193	(1)
Repeal	194	(2)
The Townshend Crisis	196	(10)
The Townshend Program	196	(2)
Resistance: The Politics of Escalation	198	(2)
An Experiment in Military Coercion	200	(1)
The Second Wilkes Crisis	200	(1)
The Boston Massacre	201	(2)
Partial Repeal	203	(1)
Disaffection	204	(2)
Internal Cleavages: The Contagion of Liberty	206	(6)
The Feudal Revival and Rural Discontent	206	(2)
The Regulator Movements in the Carolinas	208	(2)
Slaves and Women	210	(2)
The Last Imperial Crisis	212	(7)
The Tea Crisis	213	(1)
Britain's Response: The Coercive Acts	214	(1)
The Radical Explosion	215	(2)
The First Continental Congress	217	(1)
Toward War	218	(1)
The Improvised War	219	(4)
The Second Continental Congress	220	(1)
War and Legitimacy, 1775--1776	221	(1)
Independence	222	(1)
History Through Film: 1776	223	(1)
Conclusion	224	(1)
Suggested Readings	225	(1)
The Revolutionary Republic	226	(45)
Chronology	227	(1)
Hearts and Minds: The Northern War, 1776--1777	228	(3)
The British Offensive	228	(3)
The Trenton-Princeton Campaign	231	(1)
The Campaigns of 1777 and Foreign Intervention	231	(2)
The Loss of Philadelphia	232	(1)
History Through Film: Mary Silliman's War	233	(3)
Saratoga	234	(1)
French Intervention	234	(1)
Spanish Expansion and Intervention	235	(1)
The Reconstitution of Authority	236	(6)
John Adams and the Separation of Powers	236	(1)
The Virginia Constitution	237	(1)
The Pennsylvania Constitution	238	(1)
Massachusetts Redefines Constitutionalism	239	(2)
Confederation	241	(1)
The Crisis of the Revolution, 1779--1783	242	(6)
The Loyalists	242	(1)
Loyalist Refugees, Black and White	243	(1)
The Indian Struggle for Unity and Survival	244	(2)
Attrition	246	(2)
The British Offensive in the South	248	(8)
The Partisan War	251	(1)
Mutiny and Reform	252	(1)
From the Ravaging of Virginia to Yorktown and Peace	253	(3)
A Revolutionary Society	256	(8)
Religious Transformations	256	(2)
The First Emancipation	258	(1)
The Challenge to Patriarchy	259	(1)
Western Expansion, Discontent, and Conflict with Indians	260	(1)
The Northwest Ordinance	261	(3)
A More Perfect Union	264	(5)
Commerce, Debt, and Shay's Rebellion	264	(1)
Cosmopolitans versus Localists	264	(2)
The Philadelphia Convention	266	(2)
Ratification	268	(1)
Conclusion	269	(1)
Suggested Readings	270	(1)
The Democratic Republic, 1790--1820	271	(36)
Chronology	272	(1)
The Farmer's Republic	273	(1)
Households	273	(1)
History Through Film: A Midwife's Tale	274	(5)
Rural Industry	276	(1)
Neighbors	276	(2)
Inheritance	278	(1)
Standards of Living	278	(1)
From Backcountry to Frontier	279	(5)
The Destruction of the Woodland Indians	280	(1)
The Failure of Cultural Renewal	281	(2)
The Backcountry, 1790--1815	283	(1)
The Plantation South, 1790--1820	284	(5)
Slavery and the Republic	284	(2)
The Recommitment to Slavery	286	(1)
Race, Gender, and Chesapeake Labor	287	(1)
The Lowland Task System	288	(1)
The Seaport Cities, 1790--1815	289	(3)
Commerce	289	(1)
Poverty	290	(1)
The Status of Labor	291	(1)
The Withering of Patriarchal Authority	292	(5)
Paternal Power in Decline	293	(1)
The Alcoholic Republic	293	(1)
The Democratization of Print	294	(1)
Citizenship	295	(2)
Republican Religion	297	(8)
The Decline of the Established Churches	297	(1)
The Rise of the Democratic Sects	298	(2)
The Christianization of the White South	300	(1)
Evangelicals and Slavery	301	(1)
The Beginnings of African American Christianity	302	(1)
Black Republicanism: Gabriel's Rebellion	303	(2)
Conclusion	305	(1)
Suggested Readings	306	(1)
Completing the Revolution, 1789--1815	307	(39)
Establishing the Government	308	(1)
Chronology	308	(6)
The ``Republican Court''	309	(1)
The First Congress	310	(1)
Hamiltonian Economics: The National Debt	311	(1)
Hamiltonian Economics: The Bank and the Excise	312	(1)
The Rise of Opposition	313	(1)
Jefferson versus Hamilton	313	(1)
The Republic in a World at War, 1793--1800	314	(11)
Americans and the French Revolution	315	(1)
Citizen Genet	315	(1)
Western Troubles	316	(2)
The Jay Treaty	318	(1)
Washington's Farewell	319	(1)
The Election of 1796	319	(1)
Troubles with France, 1796--1800	320	(2)
The Crisis at Home, 1798--1800	322	(1)
The Politicians and the Army	323	(1)
The Election of 1800	324	(1)
The Jeffersonians in Power	325	(8)
The Republican Program	325	(2)
Cleansing the Government	327	(1)
The Jeffersonians and the Courts	328	(1)
The Impeachments of Pickering and Chase	329	(1)
Justice Marshall's Court	330	(1)
Louisiana	331	(2)
The Republic and the Napoleonic Wars, 1804--1815	333	(11)
The Dilemmas of Neutrality	333	(1)
Trouble on the High Seas	334	(1)
Embargo	334	(2)
The Road to War	336	(1)
The War Hawk Congress, 1811--1812	337	(1)
War Hawks and the War of 1812	338	(1)
The War with Canada, 1812--1813	338	(3)
Tecumseh's Last Stand	341	(1)
The British Offensive, 1814	342	(1)
The Hartford Convention	343	(1)
The Treaty of Ghent	344	(1)
Conclusion	344	(1)
Suggested Readings	345	(1)
The Market Revolution, 1815--1860	346	(36)
Government and Markets	347	(1)
Chronology	347	(4)
The American System: The Bank of the United States	347	(1)
The American System: Tariffs and Internal Improvements	348	(1)
Markets and the Law	349	(2)
The Transportation Revolution	351	(5)
Transportation in 1815	351	(1)
Improvements: Roads and Rivers	351	(2)
Improvements: Canals and Railroads	353	(1)
Time and Money	354	(2)
Markets and Regions	356	(1)
From Yeoman to Businessman: The Rural North and West	356	(9)
Shaping the Northern Landscape	357	(1)
The Transformation of Rural Outwork	358	(1)
Farmers as Consumers	358	(1)
The Northwest: Southern Migrants	359	(1)
The Northwest: Northern Migrants	360	(2)
Households	362	(2)
Neighborhoods: The Landscape of Privacy	364	(1)
The Industrial Revolution	365	(7)
Factory Towns: The Rhode Island System	365	(2)
Factory Towns: The Waltham System	367	(2)
Urban Businessmen	369	(1)
Metropolitan Industrialization	370	(2)
History Through Film: Gangs of New York	372	(1)
The Market Revolution in the South	373	(7)
The Organization of Slave Labor	374	(1)
Paternalism	375	(1)
Yeomen and Planters	376	(1)
Yeomen and the Market	377	(1)
A Balance Sheet: The Plantation and Southern Development	378	(2)
Conclusion	380	(1)
Suggested Readings	381	(1)
Toward an American Culture	382	(33)
The Northern Middle Class	382	(1)
Chronology	383	(8)
The Evangelical Base	383	(2)
Domesticity	385	(1)
Sentimentality	386	(2)
Fine Arts	388	(1)
Nature and Art	389	(1)
Scenic Tourism: Niagara Falls	390	(1)
The Plain People of the North	391	(5)
Religion and the Common Folk	391	(1)
Popular Millennialism	392	(2)
Family and Society	394	(1)
The Prophet Joseph Smith	395	(1)
The Rise of Popular Culture	396	(6)
Blood Sports	396	(1)
Boxing	396	(1)
An American Theater	397	(2)
Minstrelsy	399	(1)
Novels and the Penny Press	400	(2)
Family, Church, and Neighborhood: The White South	402	(5)
Southern Families	402	(1)
Southern Entertainments	403	(1)
The Camp Meeting Becomes Respectable	404	(1)
Religious Conservatism	405	(1)
Pro-slavery Christianity	406	(1)
The Private Lives of Slaves	407	(6)
The Slave Family	407	(2)
White Missions	409	(1)
Slave Christians	410	(1)
Religion and Revolt	411	(1)
Nat Turner	412	(1)
Conclusion	413	(1)
Suggested Readings	414	(1)
Society, Culture, and Politics, 1820s--1840s	415	(33)
Constituencies	416	(1)
Chronology	416	(3)
The North and West	416	(2)
The South	418	(1)
The Politics of Economic Development	419	(4)
Government and Its Limits	419	(2)
Banks	421	(2)
Internal Improvements	423	(1)
The Politics of Social Reform	423	(6)
Public Schools	424	(1)
Ethnicity, Religion, and the Schools	425	(1)
Prisons	426	(1)
Asylums	427	(1)
The South and Social Reform	428	(1)
Excursus: The Politics of Alcohol	429	(5)
Ardent Spirits	429	(2)
The Origins of Prohibition	431	(1)
The Democratization of Temperance	432	(1)
Temperance Schisms	433	(1)
Ethnicity and Alcohol	434	(1)
The Politics of Race	434	(8)
Free Blacks	435	(1)
Discrimination	435	(2)
Democratic Racism	437	(1)
Conceptions of Racial Difference	438	(1)
The Beginnings of Antislavery	439	(1)
Abolitionists	440	(1)
Agitation	441	(1)
The Politics of Gender and Sex	442	(4)
Appetites	442	(1)
Moral Reform	443	(1)
Women's Rights	444	(2)
Conclusion	446	(1)
Suggested Readings	447	(1)
Jacksonian Democracy	448	(37)
Prologue: 1819	448	(1)
Chronology	449	(4)
The West, 1803--1840s	449	(1)
The Argument over Missouri	450	(1)
The Missouri Compromise	451	(1)
The Panic of 1819	452	(1)
Republican Revival	453	(5)
Martin Van Buren Leads the Way	454	(1)
The Election of 1824	454	(2)
``A Corrupt Bargain''	456	(1)
Jacksonian Melodrama	457	(1)
Adams versus Jackson	458	(6)
Nationalism in an International Arena	458	(1)
Nationalism at Home	459	(1)
The Birth of the Democratic Party	460	(1)
The Election of 1828	460	(2)
A People's Inauguration	462	(1)
The Spoils System	463	(1)
Jacksonian Democracy and the South	464	(2)
Southerners and Indians	464	(1)
Indian Removal	465	(1)
History Through Film: Amistad	466	(8)
Southerners and the Tariff	467	(1)
Nullification	468	(2)
The ``Petticoat Wars''	470	(1)
The Fall of Calhoun	471	(1)
Petitions, the Gag Rule, and the Southern Mails	472	(2)
Jacksonian Democracy and the Market Revolution	474	(5)
The Second Bank of the United States	474	(1)
The Bank War	475	(2)
The Beginnings of the Whig Party	477	(1)
A Balanced Budget	478	(1)
The Second American Party System	479	(4)
``Martin Van Ruin''	480	(1)
The Election of 1840	481	(2)
Two Parties	483	(1)
Conclusion	483	(1)
Suggested Readings	484	(1)
Manifest Destiny: An Empire for Liberty---or Slavery?	485	(31)
Growth as the American Way	485	(1)
Chronology	486	(9)
Manifest Destiny and Slavery	487	(1)
The Westering Impulse	488	(1)
The Hispanic Southwest	488	(1)
The Oregon and California Trails	489	(3)
The Mormon Migration	492	(1)
The Republic of Texas	492	(1)
The Annexation Controversy	493	(2)
Acquisition of Texas and Oregon	495	(1)
The Mexican War	495	(6)
Military Campaigns of 1846	496	(1)
Military Campaigns of 1847	497	(1)
Antiwar Sentiment	498	(2)
The Wilmot Proviso	500	(1)
The Election of 1848	501	(4)
The Free Soil Party	502	(1)
The Gold Rush and California Statehood	503	(2)
The Compromise of 1850	505	(7)
The Senate Debates	505	(2)
Passage of the Compromise	507	(1)
The Fugitive Slave Law	508	(1)
The Slave-Catchers	509	(2)
Uncle Tom's Cabin	511	(1)
Filibustering	512	(2)
The Gray-Eyed Man of Destiny	513	(1)
Conclusion	514	(1)
Suggested Readings	515	(1)
The Gathering Tempest, 1853--1860	516	(36)
Kansas and the Rise of the Republican Party	516	(1)
Chronology	517	(3)
The Kansas-Nebraska Act	518	(1)
Death of the Whig Party	519	(1)
Immigration and Nativism	520	(5)
Immigrants in Politics	522	(1)
The Rise of the Know-Nothings	523	(1)
The Decline of Nativism	524	(1)
Bleeding Kansas	525	(3)
The Caning of Sumner	527	(1)
The Election of 1856	528	(5)
The Dred Scott Case	531	(1)
The Lecompton Constitution	532	(1)
The Economy in the 1850s	533	(13)
``The American System of Manufactures''	534	(2)
The Southern Economy	536	(1)
The Sovereignty of King Cotton	537	(2)
Labor Conditions in the North	539	(1)
The Panic of 1857	540	(1)
Sectionalism and the Panic	541	(1)
The Free-Labor Ideology	542	(2)
The Impending Crisis	544	(1)
Southern Nonslaveholders	544	(2)
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates	546	(4)
The Freeport Doctrine	547	(1)
John Brown at Harpers Ferry	548	(2)
Conclusion	550	(1)
Suggested Readings	550	(2)
Secession and Civil War, 1860--1862	552	(37)
The Election of 1860	552	(1)
Chronology	553	(4)
The Republicans Nominate Lincoln	555	(1)
Southern Fears	556	(1)
The Lower South Secedes	557	(6)
Northerners Affirm the Union	558	(1)
Compromise Proposals	559	(1)
Establishment of the Confederacy	560	(1)
The Fort Sumter Issue	561	(2)
Choosing Sides	563	(3)
The Border States	564	(1)
The Creation of West Virginia	565	(1)
Indian Territory and the Southwest	566	(1)
The Balance Sheet of War	566	(2)
Strategy and Morale	567	(1)
History Through Film: The Red Badge of Courage	568	(6)
Mobilizing for War	569	(2)
Weapons and Tactics	571	(1)
Logistics	572	(1)
Financing the War	573	(1)
Navies, the Blockade, and Foreign Relations	574	(4)
King Cotton Diplomacy	574	(1)
The Trent Affair	575	(1)
The Confederate Navy	576	(1)
The Monitor and the Virginia	576	(2)
Campaigns and Battles, 1861--1862	578	(7)
The Battle of Bull Run	578	(2)
Naval Operations	580	(1)
Fort Henry and Fort Donelson	580	(2)
The Battle of Shiloh	582	(1)
The Virginia Theater	583	(1)
The Seven Days' Battles	584	(1)
Confederate Counteroffensives	585	(2)
The Second Battle of Bull Run	585	(2)
Conclusion	587	(1)
Suggested Readings	588	(1)
A New Birth of Freedom, 1862--1865	589	(38)
Slavery and the War	589	(1)
Chronology	590	(7)
The ``Contrabands''	591	(1)
The Border States	591	(1)
The Decision for Emancipation	592	(1)
New Calls for Troops	593	(1)
The Battle of Antietam	594	(2)
The Emancipation Proclamation	596	(1)
A Winter of Discontent	597	(5)
The Rise of the Copperheads	598	(1)
Economic Problems in the South	599	(1)
The Wartime Draft and Class Tensions	600	(2)
A Poor Man's Fight?	602	(1)
Blueprint for Modern America	602	(2)
Women and the War	603	(1)
The Confederate Tide Crests and Recedes	604	(6)
The Battle of Chancellorsville	604	(1)
The Gettysburg Campaign	605	(2)
The Vicksburg Campaign	607	(1)
Chickamauga and Chattanooga	608	(2)
Black Men in Blue	610	(2)
Black Soldiers in Combat	610	(2)
Emancipation Confirmed	612	(1)
The Year of Decision	612	(7)
Out of the Wilderness	613	(1)
Spotsylvania and Cold Harbor	614	(1)
Stalemate in Virginia	615	(1)
The Atlanta Campaign	615	(1)
Peace Overtures	616	(2)
The Prisoner-Exchange Controversy	618	(1)
The Issue of Black Soldiers in the Confederate Army	619	(1)
Lincoln's Reelection and the End of the Confederacy	619	(6)
The Capture of Atlanta	619	(1)
The Shenandoah Valley	620	(1)
From Atlanta to the Sea	620	(1)
The Battles of Franklin and Nashville	621	(1)
Fort Fisher and Sherman's March through the Carolinas	621	(2)
The Road to Appomattox	623	(1)
The Assassination of Lincoln	624	(1)
Conclusion	625	(1)
Suggested Readings	626	(1)
Reconstruction, 1863--1877	627	(33)
Wartime Reconstruction	627	(1)
Chronology	628	(2)
Radical Republicans and Reconstruction	629	(1)
Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction	630	(6)
Johnson's Policy	631	(1)
Southern Defiance	632	(1)
The Black Codes	633	(1)
Land and Labor in the Postwar South	633	(1)
The Freedmen's Bureau	634	(1)
Land for the Landless	634	(2)
Education	636	(1)
The Advent of Congressional Reconstruction	636	(4)
Schism between President and Congress	636	(1)
The 14th Amendment	637	(1)
The 1866 Elections	637	(1)
The Reconstruction Acts of 1867	638	(2)
The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson	640	(3)
The Completion of Formal Reconstruction	640	(1)
The 15th Amendment	641	(1)
The Election of 1868	642	(1)
The Grant Administration	643	(5)
Civil Service Reform	643	(1)
Foreign Policy Issues	644	(1)
Reconstruction in the South	645	(1)
Blacks in Office	646	(1)
``Carpetbaggers''	647	(1)
``Scalawags''	647	(1)
The Ku Klux Klan	647	(1)
History Through Film: The Birth of a Nation	648	(4)
The Election of 1872	651	(1)
The Panic of 1873	651	(1)
The Retreat from Reconstruction	652	(6)
The Mississippi Election of 1875	652	(2)
The Supreme Court and Reconstruction	654	(1)
The Election of 1876	655	(1)
Disputed Results	655	(2)
The Compromise of 1877	657	(1)
The End of Reconstruction	657	(1)
Conclusion	658	(1)
Suggested Readings	659	(1)
Frontiers of Change, Politics of Stalemate, 1865--1898	660	(24)
Chronology	661	(1)
Agencies of Westward Expansion	662	(4)
The Mining Frontier	663	(1)
The Ranching Frontier	663	(3)
The Last Indian Frontier	666	(2)
Conflict with the Sioux	667	(1)
History Through Film: Fort Apache	668	(5)
Suppression of Other Plains Indians	668	(3)
The ``Peace Policy''	671	(1)
Mexican Americans	672	(1)
The New South	673	(5)
Southern Industry	674	(1)
Southern Agriculture	675	(1)
Race Relations in the New South	676	(2)
The Politics of Stalemate	678	(4)
Knife-Edge Electoral Balance	679	(1)
Civil Service Reform	680	(1)
The Tariff Issue	681	(1)
Conclusion	682	(1)
Suggested Readings	683	(1)
Economic Change and the Crisis of the 1890s	684	(32)
Economic Growth	684	(1)
Chronology	685	(2)
Railroads	685	(2)
Technology	687	(1)
The American Middle Class	687	(10)
The Philadelphia Centennial Exposition	687	(1)
Gilded Age Cities	688	(1)
The American Museum	689	(1)
The Department Store and Mail-Order Catalogs	690	(1)
Advertising and Magazines	691	(1)
African American Middle-Class Culture	692	(1)
The New Woman	693	(2)
The World's Columbian Exhibition	695	(2)
Wealth and Inequality	697	(2)
The Antitrust Movement	698	(1)
Labor Strife	699	(7)
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877	700	(1)
The Knights of Labor	700	(1)
Haymarket	701	(1)
Henry George	702	(1)
Edward Bellamy	703	(1)
The Homestead Strike	704	(1)
The Depression of 1893--1897	704	(1)
The Pullman Strike	705	(1)
Farmers' Movements	706	(4)
Credit and Money	707	(1)
The Greenback and Silver Movements	708	(1)
The Farmers' Alliance	709	(1)
The Rise and Fall of the People's Party	710	(4)
The Silver Issue	712	(1)
The Election of 1896	712	(2)
Conclusion	714	(1)
Suggested Readings	714	(2)
An Industrial Society, 1890--1920	716	(35)
Chronology	717	(1)
Sources of Economic Growth	717	(7)
Technology	718	(1)
Corporate Growth	718	(1)
Mass Production and Distribution	719	(1)
Corporate Consolidation	719	(2)
Revolution in Management	721	(1)
Scientific Managemention the Factory Floor	721	(3)
``Robber Barons'' No More	724	(1)
Obsession with Physical and Racial Fitness	725	(2)
Social Darwinism	727	(1)
Immigration	727	(7)
European Immigration	728	(2)
Chinese and Japanese Immigration	730	(2)
Immigrant Labor	732	(2)
Living Conditions	734	(1)
Building Ethnic Communities	734	(4)
A Network of Institutions	735	(1)
The Emergence of an Ethnic Middle Class	735	(1)
Political Machines and Organized Crime	736	(2)
African American Labor and Community	738	(2)
Workers and Unions	740	(4)
Samuel F. Gompers and the AFL	741	(2)
``Big Bill'' Haywood and the IWW	743	(1)
The Joys of the City	744	(1)
The New Sexuality and the Rise of Feminism	745	(1)
History Through Film: The Great White Hope	746	(3)
Feminism	747	(2)
Conclusion	749	(1)
Suggested Readings	749	(2)
Progressivism	751	(37)
Chronology	752	(1)
Progressivism and the Protestant Spirit	752	(1)
Muckrakers, Magazines, and the Turn toward ``Realism''	753	(2)
Increased Newspaper and Magazine Circulation	754	(1)
The Turn toward ``Realism''	754	(1)
Settlement Houses and Women's Activism	755	(4)
Hull House	756	(1)
The Cultural Conservatism of Progressive Reformers	757	(1)
A Nation of Clubwomen	758	(1)
Socialism and Progressivism	759	(2)
The Many Faces of Socialism	759	(1)
Socialists and Progressives	760	(1)
Municipal Reform	761	(1)
The City Commission Plan	761	(1)
The City Manager Plan	762	(1)
The Costs of Reform	762	(1)
Political Reform in the States	762	(6)
Restoring Sovereignty to ``the People''	763	(1)
Creating a Virtuous Electorate	763	(1)
The Australian Ballot	764	(1)
Personal Registration Laws	764	(1)
Disenfranchisement	764	(2)
Disillusionment with the Electorate	766	(1)
Woman Suffrage	766	(2)
Economic and Social Reform in the States	768	(2)
Robert La Follette and Wisconsin Progressivism	768	(1)
Progressive Reform in New York	769	(1)
A Renewed Campaign for Civil Rights	770	(3)
The Failure of Accommodationism	770	(1)
From the Niagara Movement to the NAACP	771	(2)
National Reform	773	(5)
The Roosevelt Presidency	773	(1)
Regulating the Trusts	774	(1)
Toward a ``Square Deal''	774	(1)
Expanding Government Power: The Economy	775	(1)
Expanding Government Power: The Environment	775	(2)
Progressivism: A Movement for the People?	777	(1)
The Republicans: A Divided Party	777	(1)
The Taft Presidency	778	(1)
Battling Congress	778	(1)
The Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy	778	(1)
Roosevelt's Return	779	(1)
The Bull Moose Campaign	780	(1)
The Rise of Woodrow Wilson	780	(1)
The Election of 1912	781	(1)
The Wilson Presidency	782	(4)
Tariff Reform and a Progressive Income Tax	782	(1)
The Federal Reserve Act	782	(2)
From the New Freedom to the New Nationalism	784	(2)
Conclusion	786	(1)
Suggested Readings	786	(2)
Becoming a World Power, 1898--1917	788	(30)
Chronology	789	(1)
The United States Looks Abroad	789	(4)
Protestant Missionaries	790	(1)
Businessmen	790	(1)
Imperialists	791	(2)
The Spanish-American War	793	(6)
``A Splendid Little War''	795	(4)
The United States Becomes a World Power	799	(7)
The Debate over the Treaty of Paris	800	(1)
The American-Filipino War	801	(1)
Controlling Cuba and Puerto Rico	802	(2)
China and the ``Open Door''	804	(2)
Theodore Roosevelt, Geopolitician	806	(2)
The Roosevelt Corollary	806	(1)
The Panama Canal	807	(1)
History Through Film: Tarzan, the APE Man	808	(5)
Keeping the Peace in East Asia	811	(2)
William Howard Taft, Dollar Diplomat	813	(1)
Woodrow Wilson, Struggling Idealist	814	(2)
Conclusion	816	(1)
Suggested Readings	817	(1)
War and Society, 1914--1920	818	(34)
Chronology	819	(1)
Europe's Descent into War	819	(3)
American Neutrality	822	(5)
Submarine Warfare	823	(1)
The Peace Movement	824	(1)
Wilson's Vision: ``Peace without Victory''	825	(1)
German Escalation	826	(1)
American Intervention	827	(2)
Mobilizing for ``Total'' War	829	(10)
Organizing Industry	829	(1)
Securing Workers, Keeping Labor Peace	830	(2)
Raising an Army	832	(2)
Paying the Bills	834	(1)
Arousing Patriotic Ardor	835	(1)
Wartime Repression	836	(3)
The Failure of the International Peace	839	(6)
The Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles	840	(1)
The League of Nations	841	(1)
Wilson versus Lodge: The Fight over Ratification	841	(3)
The Treaty's Final Defeat	844	(1)
The Postwar Period: A Society in Convulsion	845	(5)
Labor-Capital Conflict	845	(1)
Radicals and the Red Scare	846	(2)
Racial Conflict and the Rise of Black Nationalism	848	(2)
Conclusion	850	(1)
Suggested Readings	851	(1)
The 1920s	852	(41)
Chronology	853	(1)
Prosperity	853	(12)
A Consumer Society	854	(1)
A People's Capitalism	855	(1)
The Rise of Advertising and Mass Marketing	856	(2)
Changing Attitudes toward Marriage and Sexuality	858	(1)
An Age of Celebrity	858	(1)
Celebrating Business Civilization	859	(1)
Industrial Workers	860	(2)
Women and Work	862	(1)
The Women's Movement Adrift	863	(2)
The Politics of Business	865	(5)
Harding and the Politics of Personal Gain	865	(2)
Coolidge and Laissez-Faire Politics	867	(1)
Hoover and the Politics of Associationalism	867	(1)
The Politics of Business Abroad	868	(2)
Farmers, Small-Town Protestants, and Moral Traditionalists	870	(9)
Agricultural Depression	870	(1)
Cultural Dislocation	871	(2)
Prohibition	873	(1)
The Ku Klux Klan	873	(2)
Immigration Restriction	875	(2)
Fundamentalism versus Liberal Protestantism	877	(1)
The Scopes Trial	878	(1)
Ethnic and Racial Communities	879	(3)
European American Ethnics	879	(2)
African Americans	881	(1)
History Through Film: The Jazz Singer	882	(7)
The Harlem Renaissance	885	(1)
Mexican Americans	886	(3)
The ``Lost Generation'' and Disillusioned Intellectuals	889	(2)
Democracy on the Defensive	890	(1)
Conclusion	891	(1)
Suggested Readings	892	(1)
The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1929--1939	893	(42)
Chronology	894	(1)
Causes of the Great Depression	895	(2)
Stock Market Speculation	895	(1)
Mistakes by the Federal Reserve Board	895	(1)
An Ill-Advised Tariff	896	(1)
A Maldistribution of Wealth	896	(1)
Hoover: The Fall of a Self-Made Man	897	(3)
Hoover's Program	897	(1)
The Bonus Army	898	(2)
A Culture in Crisis	900	(1)
The Democratic Roosevelt	901	(2)
An Early Life of Privilege	902	(1)
Roosevelt Liberalism	902	(1)
The First New Deal, 1933--1935	903	(10)
Saving the Banks	905	(1)
Economic Relief	906	(1)
Agricultural Reform	906	(3)
Industrial Reform	909	(1)
Rebuilding the Nation's Infrastructure	910	(1)
The TVA Alternative	911	(1)
The New Deal and Western Development	911	(2)
Political Mobilization, Political Unrest, 1934--1935	913	(3)
Populist Critics of the New Deal	913	(1)
Labor Protests	914	(1)
Anger at the Polls	915	(1)
Radical Third Parties	916	(1)
The Second New Deal, 1935--1937	916	(10)
Philosophical Underpinnings	917	(1)
Legislation	917	(2)
Victory in 1936: The New Democratic Coalition	919	(1)
Rhetoric Versus Reality	920	(1)
Men, Women, and Reform	921	(3)
Labor in Politics and Culture	924	(2)
America's Minorities and the New Deal	926	(4)
Eastern and Southern European Ethnics	927	(1)
African Americans	927	(1)
Mexican Americans	928	(1)
American Indians	929	(1)
The New Deal Abroad	930	(2)
Stalemate, 1937--1940	932	(1)
The Court-Packing Fiasco	932	(1)
The Recession of 1937--1938	933	(1)
Conclusion	933	(1)
Suggested Readings	934	(1)
America during the Second World War	935	(41)
Chronology	936	(1)
The Road to War: Aggression and Response	936	(10)
The Rise of Aggressor States	937	(1)
Isolationist Sentiment and American Neutrality	937	(1)
Growing Interventionist Sentiment	938	(1)
The Mounting Crisis	938	(1)
The Outbreak of War in Europe	939	(1)
America's Response to War in Europe	940	(3)
An ``Arsenal of Democracy''	943	(1)
Pearl Harbor	944	(2)
Fighting the War in Europe	946	(4)
Campaigns in North Africa and Italy	947	(1)
Operation Overlord	948	(2)
The Pacific Theater	950	(4)
Seizing the Initiative in the Pacific	950	(1)
China Policy	951	(1)
Pacific Strategy	951	(3)
A New President	954	(3)
Atomic Power and Japanese Surrender	954	(3)
The War at Home: The Economy	957	(5)
Government's Role in the Economy	957	(1)
Business and Finance	958	(2)
The Workforce	960	(1)
Labor Unions	961	(1)
Assessing Economic Change	962	(1)
The War at Home: Social Issues	962	(8)
Wartime Propaganda	963	(1)
Gender Equality	964	(1)
Racial Equality	965	(2)
Racial Tensions	967	(3)
Shaping the Peace	970	(4)
International Organizations	970	(1)
Spheres of Interest and Postwar Settlements	971	(3)
Conclusion	974	(1)
Suggested Readings	975	(1)
The Age of Containment, 1946--1954	976	(36)
Creating a National Security State, 1945--1949	976	(1)
Chronology	977	(7)
Onset of the Cold War	977	(1)
Containment Abroad: The Truman Doctrine	978	(2)
Truman's Loyalty Program	980	(1)
The National Security Act, the Marshall Plan, and the Berlin Crisis	981	(2)
The Election of 1948	983	(1)
The Korean War Era, 1949--1952	984	(6)
NATO, China, and the Bomb	984	(1)
NSC-68	985	(1)
The Korean War	986	(3)
Korea and Containment	989	(1)
Containment at Home	990	(4)
Anticommunism and the Labor Movement	991	(1)
HUAC and the Loyalty Program	992	(2)
History Through Film: High Noon	994	(5)
Targeting Difference	995	(1)
The ``Great Fear''	996	(2)
McCarthyism	998	(1)
Truman's Fair Deal	999	(6)
The Employment Act of 1946 and the Promise of Economic Growth	1000	(1)
Shaping the Fair Deal	1001	(2)
Civil Rights	1003	(2)
A Changing Culture	1005	(4)
Jackie Robinson and the Baseball ``Color Line''	1005	(1)
Suburban Development	1006	(2)
Allure and Danger: Women on Film	1008	(1)
From Truman to Eisenhower	1009	(1)
The Election of 1952	1009	(1)
A Soldier-President	1010	(1)
Conclusion	1010	(1)
Suggested Readings	1011	(1)
Affluence and Its Discontents, 1953--1963	1012	(44)
Foreign Policy, 1953--1960	1012	(1)
Chronology	1013	(4)
Eisenhower Takes Command	1013	(1)
The New Look and Summitry	1014	(2)
Covert Action and Economic Leverage	1016	(1)
America and the Third World	1017	(3)
Latin America	1017	(1)
Nasserism and the Suez Crisis of 1956	1018	(1)
Vietnam	1019	(1)
Affluence---A ``People of Plenty''	1020	(8)
Economic Growth	1021	(2)
Highways and Waterways	1023	(2)
Labor--Management Accord	1025	(1)
Political Pluralism	1026	(1)
A Religious People	1027	(1)
Discontents of Affluence	1028	(4)
Conformity in an Affluent Society	1028	(1)
Restive Youth	1029	(2)
The Mass Culture Debate	1031	(1)
Changing Gender Patterns	1032	(2)
The New Suburbs and Gender Ideals	1032	(1)
Women's Changing Roles	1033	(1)
The Fight against Discrimination, 1953--1960	1034	(8)
The Brown Cases, 1954--1955	1035	(2)
The Montgomery Bus Boycott and Martin Luther King, Jr.	1037	(1)
The Domestic and International Politics of Civil Rights	1037	(2)
American Indian Policy	1039	(1)
The Growth of Spanish-Speaking Populations	1040	(1)
Urban-Suburban Issues	1041	(1)
Debating the Role of Government	1042	(3)
The New Conservatives	1042	(1)
Advocates of a More Active Government	1043	(2)
The Kennedy Years: Foreign Policy	1045	(4)
The Election of 1960	1045	(2)
Kennedy's Foreign Policy Goals	1047	(1)
Cuba and Berlin	1047	(2)
Southeast Asia and ``Flexible Response''	1049	(1)
The Kennedy Years: Domestic Policy	1049	(5)
Policy Making under Kennedy	1049	(1)
The Civil Rights Movement, 1960--1963	1050	(2)
Women's Issues	1052	(1)
The Assassination of John F. Kennedy	1053	(1)
Conclusion	1054	(1)
Suggested Readings	1055	(1)
America during Its Longest War, 1963--1974	1056	(38)
Chronology	1057	(1)
The Great Society	1057	(6)
Closing the New Frontier	1058	(1)
The Election of 1964	1059	(2)
Lyndon Johnson's Great Society	1061	(1)
Evaluating the Great Society	1062	(1)
Escalation in Vietnam	1063	(5)
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution	1063	(2)
The War Widens	1065	(1)
The Media and the War	1066	(2)
The War at Home	1068	(4)
A New Left	1068	(2)
The Counterculture	1070	(1)
From Civil Rights to Black Power	1071	(1)
History Through Film: Malcolm X	1072	(6)
1968: The Violence Overseas	1074	(1)
1968: The Violence at Home	1075	(1)
The Election of 1968	1076	(2)
The Nixon Years, 1969--1974	1078	(6)
The Economy	1078	(1)
Social Policy	1079	(1)
Environmentalism	1080	(1)
Controversies over Rights	1081	(3)
Foreign Policy under Nixon and Kissinger	1084	(4)
Detente	1084	(1)
Vietnamization	1085	(2)
The Aftermath of War	1087	(1)
Expanding the Nixon Doctrine	1087	(1)
The Wars of Watergate	1088	(4)
The Election of 1972	1089	(1)
Nixon Pursued	1090	(1)
Nixon's Final Days	1091	(1)
Conclusion	1092	(1)
Suggested Readings	1093	(1)
Economic and Social Change in the Late 20th Century	1094	(40)
A Changing People	1094	(1)
An Aging Population	1094	(1)
Chronology	1095	(7)
The Rise of the Sunbelt	1096	(1)
New Immigration	1097	(3)
Urbanization and Suburbanization	1100	(2)
Economic Transformations	1102	(6)
New Technologies	1103	(1)
Big Business	1104	(2)
Postindustrial Restructuring	1106	(2)
Media and Culture	1108	(5)
The Video Revolution	1108	(2)
The ``New Hollywood''	1110	(1)
The Changing Media Environment	1111	(1)
The New Mass Culture Debate	1112	(1)
Social Activism	1113	(5)
Women's Issues	1114	(2)
Sexual Politics	1116	(2)
Race, Ethnicity, and Social Activism	1118	(10)
African American Activism	1119	(2)
American Indian Activism	1121	(2)
Activism in Spanish-Speaking Communities	1123	(2)
Asian American Activism	1125	(2)
The Dilemmas of Antidiscrimination Efforts	1127	(1)
The New Right	1128	(4)
New Conservative Institutions	1128	(1)
The New Religious Right	1129	(1)
The New Right's Agenda	1130	(2)
Conclusion	1132	(1)
Suggested Readings	1133	(1)
Power and Politics since 1974	1134	(44)
Chronology	1135	(1)
The Caretaker Presidency of Gerald Ford (1974--1977)	1136	(2)
Trying to Whip Stagflation	1136	(1)
Foreign Policy	1137	(1)
The Election of 1976	1137	(1)
Jimmy Carter's One-term Presidency (1977--1981)	1138	(7)
Welfare and Energy Initiatives	1138	(2)
A Faltering Economy	1140	(1)
Negotiating Foreign Disputes	1141	(1)
Campaigning for Human Rights Abroad	1142	(1)
Confronting Problems in Iran and Afghanistan	1143	(1)
The Election of 1980	1143	(2)
Ronald Reagan's ``New Morning in America'' (1981--1989)	1145	(5)
Pursuing Supply-Side Economics	1145	(2)
Broadening the New Right Agenda	1147	(2)
Routing the Democrats, 1984	1149	(1)
History Through Film: The First Movie-Star President	1150	(2)
Reagan's Second Term	1150	(2)
Renewing the Cold War	1152	(4)
The Defense Buildup	1153	(1)
Deploying Military Power	1154	(1)
The Iran-Contra Controversy	1155	(1)
The Beginning of the End of the Cold War	1156	(1)
The First Bush Presidency (1989--1993)	1156	(6)
The Election of 1988	1157	(1)
The End of the Cold War	1158	(2)
The Persian Gulf War	1160	(1)
The Election of 1992	1161	(1)
The Presidency of Bill Clinton (1993--2001)	1162	(9)
Clinton's First Two Years	1163	(1)
A Republican Congress, a Democratic White House	1164	(2)
Victory and Impeachment	1166	(2)
Environmental Policy	1168	(1)
Post--Cold War Foreign Policy	1169	(2)
Globalization	1171	(1)
The Presidency of George W. Bush (2001--)	1171	(7)
The Long Election	1172	(1)
A Conservative Domestic Agenda	1173	(1)
Foreign Policy Changes Course	1174	(3)
Bush Wins Reelection	1177	(1)
Conclusion	1178	(1)
Suggested Readings	1179