Life: The Science of Biology

by Sadava, David E.; Hillis, David M.; Heller, H. Craig; Berenbaum, May

• ISBN13: 9781429298643
• ISBN10: 1429298642
• Edition: 10th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2012-12-10
• Publisher: W. H. Freeman

Summary

From its first edition, Life has set the standard for experiment-based introductory biology texts. There is no stronger textbook for helping students understand not just what we know (scientific facts), but how we know it (the experimental process that leads to their discovery).

 

The new edition of Life builds upon this tradition, teaching fundamental concepts and showcasing significant research while responding to changes in biology education...

• PEDAGOGICALLY, with features that match the way students learn today, including chapter opening stories, art with balloon captions, and new Learning Objectives

• SCIENTIFICALLY, with a wealth of important new research throughout (see Table of Contents for highlights)

• TECHNOLOGICALLY, with instant access QR codes printed in the text, new interactive features (media clips, chapter summaries, a flashcard app), and a dramatically enhanced BioPortal, with the adaptive quizzing system, LearningCurve

• QUANTIFIABLY, with completely revised assessment resources and new ways of measuring students' progress

Also avalable, Volume Splits:—paperbound in full color!
Volume 1: The Cell and Heredity (Chapters 1-20)
Volume 2: Evolution, Diversity, and Ecology (Chapters 1, 21-33, 54-59)
Volume 3: Plants and Animals (Chapters 1, 34-53)

See what's in the LaunchPad

Author Biography

David E. Sadava is the Pritzker Family Foundation Professor of Biology, Emeritus, at the Keck Science Center of Claremont McKenna, Pitzer, and Scripps, three of The Claremont Colleges. In addition, he is Adjunct Professor of Cancer Cell Biology at the City of Hope Medical Center. Twice winner of the Huntoon Award for superior teaching, Dr. Sadava has taught courses on introductory biology, biotechnology, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, plant biology, and cancer biology. In addition to Life: The Science of Biology, he is the author or coauthor of books on cell biology and on plants, genes, and crop biotechnology. His research has resulted in many papers coauthored with his students, on topics ranging from plant biochemistry to pharmacology of narcotic analgesics to human genetic diseases. For the past 15 years, he has investigated multi-drug resistance in human small-cell lung carcinoma cells with a view to understanding and overcoming this clinical challenge. At the City of Hope, his current work focuses on new anti-cancer agents from plants.

David M. Hillis is the Alfred W. Roark Centennial Professor in Integrative Biology at the University of Texas at Austin, where he also has directed the Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and the School of Biological Sciences. Dr. Hillis has taught courses in introductory biology, genetics, evolution, systematics, and biodiversity. He has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, awarded a John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Fellowship, and has served as President of the Society for the Study of Evolution and of the Society of Systematic Biologists. He served on the National Research Council committee that wrote the report BIO 2010: Transforming Undergraduate Biology Education for Research Biologists, and currently serves on the Executive Committee of the National Academies Scientific Teaching Alliance. His research interests span much of evolutionary biology, including experimental studies of evolving viruses, empirical studies of natural molecular evolution, applications of phylogenetics, analyses of biodiversity, and evolutionary modeling. He is particularly interested in teaching and research about the practical applications of evolutionary biology.

H. Craig Heller is the Lorry I. Lokey/Business Wire Professor in Biological Sciences and Human Biology at Stanford University. He has taught in the core biology courses at Stanford since 1972 and served as Director of the Program in Human Biology, Chairman of the Biolo-gical Sciences Department, and Associate Dean of Research. Dr. Heller is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a recipient of the Walter J. Gores Award for excellence in teaching and the Kenneth Cuthberson Award for Exceptional Service to Stanford University. His research is on the neurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms, mammalian hibernation, the regulation of body temperature, the physiology of human performance, and the neurobiology of learning. He has done research on a huge variety of animals and physiolo-gical problems, including from sleeping kangaroo rats, diving seals, hibernating bears, photo-periodic hamsters, and exercising athletes. Dr. Heller has extended his enthusiasm for promoting active learning via the development of a two-year curriculum in human biology for the middle grades, through the production of Virtual Labs—interactive computer-based modules to teach physiology.

 

May Berenbaum is the Swanlund Professor and Head of the Department of Entomology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She has taught courses in introductory animal biology, entomology, insect ecology and chemical ecology and has received awards at the regional and national levels teaching from the Entomological Society of America. A fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society, she served as President of the American Institute for Biological Sciences in 2009 and currently serves on the Board of Directors of AAAS. Her research addresses insect-plant coevolution from molecular mechanisms of detoxification to impacts of herbivory on community structure. Concerned with the practical application of ecological and evolutionary principles, she has examined impacts of genetic engineering, global climate change, and invasive species on natural and agricultural ecosystems. In recognition of her work, she received the 2011 Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement. Devoted to fostering science literacy, she has published numerous articles and five books on insects for the general public.

 

Table of Contents

Part One: The Science of Life and Its Chemical Basis
1. Studying Life
2. Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life
3. Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids
4. Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

New:
• Emphasis on weak forces in biology (van der Waals, etc.)
• Discussion of cis-trans isomers
• Discussion and illustration of right- and left-handed helices
• Discussion and illustration of how protein structure changes with covalent modification and interaction with other molecules
• Reorganization and separate discussion of DNA and RNA
• Updated discussion of biological theories on the origin of life

Part Two: Cells
5. Cells: The Working Units of Life
6. Cell Membranes
7. Cell Communication and Multicellularity

New:
• Clearer description and illustration of microscopy and staining methods
• More focused discussion of the use of experimental manipulations of living systems to discover cause and effect in biology
• More focused description of animal cell junctions
• Illustrated description of the role of the extracellular matrix in cell movement
• Reorganization: membrane potential discussion now in Chapter 45, Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems, where it is most relevant
• Clear comparison, with examples and table, of exocytosis and endocytosis
• Addition and discussion of juxtacrine signaling
• Discussion of cross-talk in signaling pathways
• Discussion and illustrations of the role of cell signaling in the evolution of multicellularity

Part Three: Cells and Energy
8. Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism
9. Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy
10. Photosynthesis: Energy from Sunlight

New:
• Well illustrated molecular structures for enzyme–substrate interactions
• Clearer and better illustrated description of enzyme inhibition with examples
• New Working With Data exercise on the use of enzyme inhibition to make a herbicide
• More focused and better illustrated descriptions of biochemical pathways such as glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to eliminate excessive details
• Illustrated mechanism of how ATP is made
• Use of running as example of the integration of catabolism and anabolism
• More discussion with illustrations of the roles of accessory pigments and reaction center in photosynthesis
• Clearer discussion of the significance of photorespiration and C3 and C4 plants

Part Four: Genes and Heredity
11. The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
12. Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes
13. DNA and Its Role in Heredity
14. From DNA to Protein: Gene Expression
15. Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine
16. Regulation of Gene Expression

New:
• Clearer description and illustrations of cell cycle checkpoints
• Updated and illustrated description of chromatid attachment and separation
• New examples of asexual reproduction
• Reorganization: cytogenetics after meiosis
• New illustration of the role of aneuploidy in the evolution of modern wheat
• Clearer description of the role of probability in genetics
• New example of incomplete dominance in eggplant
• Molecular basis of multiple alleles and codominance in blood groups
• Clearer, illustrated description of basic features of DNA structure, including weak forces and the exposure of important chemical groups for protein recognition
• Clear, illustrated description of the origin of DNA replication
• Updated descriptions of the different forms of RNA in cells
• Illustrated comparison between prokaryote gene without introns and eukaryotic gene with intros to clarify gene structure
• Improved description of signaling in proteins for intercellular distribution

Part Five: Genomes
17. Genomes
18. Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology
19. Differential Gene Expression in Development
20. Development and Evolutionary Change

New:
• Updated focus on genome sequencing and analysis
• Improved description of transposons and moveable sequences
• Coverage of minimal genome and synthetic genetics: “artificial cells”
• Better and clearer examples of gene cloning vectors and hosts
• Revised focus on reporter genes in cloning
• Use of PCR in making DNA and mutations
• Clearer discussion of the advantages of and concerns about biotechnology
• Updated discussion of stem cell technologies and applications
• Reorganization to emphasize general developmental processes and then cloning
• More focused description of the major concepts of development and cell fate determination
• Updated description of molecular switches in development
• Clearer description of fruit fly early development with emphasis on molecular processes and general concepts shown

Part Six: The Patterns and Processes of Evolution
21. Mechanisms of Evolution
22. Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies
23. Speciation
24. Evolution of Genes and Genomes
25. The History of Life on Earth

New:
• New section on the historical development of evolutionary theory
• New problem-oriented approach; students gain hands-on experience working with data
• Real, clear examples of the process of speciation
• Coverage of experimental approaches to evolution
• New information on evolution of genomes
• Clear explanations of the importance of geological changes to evolutionary history




• Updated geological chronology




• New information on mass extinction events




• New examples and illustrations of the evolution of multicellularity

Part Seven: The Evolution of Diversity
26. Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses
27. The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes
28. Plants without Seeds: From Water to Land
29. The Evolution of Seed Plants
30. The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi
31. Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans
32. Protostome Animals
33. Deuterostome Animals

New:
• Fully updated taxonomic treatment
• The only textbook with extensive coverage of the tree of life, complete with online links to photos, maps, keys, and more on all of life’s diversity
• Extensive video coverage of the diversity of life, with QR links, to make diversity come alive for students
• Students gain first-hand understanding of biodiversity through working with data problems
• Added emphasis on importance of microbiomes
• New information on evolution of viruses
• New phylogenetic treatment of microbial eukaryotes
• New chapter opener on photosynthetic organisms and the Gulf Oil Spill
• New discussion and illustration son the use of algae for biofuel production
• Added illustrations and examples on the importance of plants to human society
• New experimental studies using fungi
• Updated animal phylogeny
• New illustrations of evolution of tetrapod limbs
• New illustration on role of neoteny in human evolution

Part Eight: Flowering Plants: Form and Function
34. The Plant Body
35. Transport in Plants
36. Plant Nutrition
37. Regulation of Plant Growth
38. Reproduction in Flowering Plants
39. Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

New:
• Clearer focus on general concepts of plant body plan and its organization
• Comparison between plant and animal development and anatomy
• Updated descriptions of water relations and of transport in xylem and phloem
• New descriptions of plant adaptations to water stress in the context of transport mechanisms
• New material on genes involved in mineral nutrition in a model organism
• Reorganization of hormonal material to emphasize concepts and molecular approaches
• Clearer explanations of the roles of photoreceptors
• Revised description of angiosperm gamete formation and double fertilization
• Updated discussion of signals for flowering, including molecular mechanisms
• Updated description if plant responses to herbivores and pathogens

Part Nine: Animals: Form and Function
40. Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation
41. Animal Hormones
42. Immunology: Animal Defense Systems
43. Animal Reproduction
44. Animal Development: From Genes to Organisms
45. Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems
46. Sensory Systems
47. The Mammalian Nervous System
48. Musculoskeletal Systems
49. Gas Exchange
50. Circulatory Systems
51. Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption
52. Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion
53. Animal Behavior

New:
• Expanded emphasis on the experiments that underlie our understanding of animal physiology
• Feature story and accompanying Working with Data exercise focus on the most recently discovered hormone, irisin, illuminating the nature of hormones and how they are identified and their functions understood
• Immunology chapter introduces the concept of “herd immunity” to its discussion of the importance of vaccination, and a revised organization consolidates material on B cells and antibody production
• The role circadian rhythms play in childbirth is explained via a Working with Data exercise
• Updated material on right-left asymmetry in mammalian development includes a Working with Data exercise
• Extensive and important new information on glia, the most numerous and least understood cell type in the nervous system
• Streamlined organization of neural system coverage
• Revised and simplified explanations of difficult concepts such as mammalian gastrulation, the physiology of vision, and the renal countercurrent multiplier.
• Revised art clarifies presentations of the circulatory system and the complicated processes involved in nitrogen excretion
 
Part Ten: Ecology
54. Ecology and the Distribution of Life
55. Population Ecology
56. Species Interactions and Coevolution
57. Community Ecology
58. Ecosystems and Global Ecology
59. Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

New:
• Integration of fire as an ecological factor affecting ecology of organisms, biomes, and ecosystems, including a new feature on fynbos plants that germinate in response to smoke
• Improved diagram and new Working with Data exercise on the mark-recapture method of estimating population size
• Expanded discussion of aquatic biomes and their characteristics
• New Working with Data exercise illustrating reciprocal selective responses in predator-prey interactions
• New information on the ecological role of toxins in nectar
• Integration of energy flow and nutrient cycling, with new emphasis on how energy powers nutrient cycles
• New feature on the Mississippi Delta dead zone and its effect on the seafood industry          
• New feature on loss of kokanee salmon from Flathead Lake, Minnesota, illustrating the cascading negative effects of a well-intentioned species introduction     
• New information on the role of habitat corridors in conservation planning, based on research in a natural setting in Palenque National Park in Mexico