Linguistics for Non-Linguists: A Primer With Exercises

by Parker, Frank; Riley, Kathryn

• ISBN13: 9780205299300
• ISBN10: 020529930X
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

This book covers the basic elements of linguistics in a lucid style, taking a subject that is generally considered quite complicated, and making it accessible to virtually anyone who requires a basic understanding of it. Specialists in language related fields, including Speech-Language Pathology, Experimental Phonetics, Communication, Education, and English as a Second Language will find Linguistics for Non-Linguists a must-have reference. The book's self-teaching approach provides students and specialists in fields neighboring linguistics with a basic introduction to the principles and methods of linguistic theory. Concepts are defined and illustrated simply. Non-linguistics majors will find this text comprehensive and clear.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Introduction	1	(9)
Pragmatics	10	(24)
Implicature	11	(3)
Conversational Maxims	11	(3)
Speech Acts	14	(16)
Classification of Illocutionary Acts	15	(1)
Felicity Conditions	16	(3)
Explicit versus Nonexplicit Illocutionary Acts	19	(3)
Direct versus Indirect Illocutionary Acts	22	(3)
Expressed versus Implied Locutionary Acts	25	(3)
Literal versus Nonliteral Locutionary Acts	28	(1)
Overview of Speech Act Theory	29	(1)
Summary	30	(1)
Supplementary Readings	31	(1)
Supplementary Exercises	31	(3)
Semantics	34	(20)
Background	35	(2)
Sense	37	(5)
Reference	42	(4)
Truth	46	(5)
Summary	51	(1)
Supplementary Readings	51	(1)
Supplementary Exercises	52	(2)
Syntax	54	(29)
Categories	55	(2)
Left-to-Right Ordering	57	(3)
Constituent Structure	60	(7)
Transformations	67	(9)
Constraints on Movement	73	(3)
Summary	76	(1)
Supplementary Readings	76	(1)
Supplementary Exercises	77	(6)
Morphology	83	(19)
Morphemes	84	(3)
Lexical and Grammatical Morphemes	87	(1)
Free and Bound Morphemes	87	(1)
Inflectional and Derivational Morphemes	88	(10)
Inflectional Affixes	89	(4)
Derivational Affixes	93	(1)
Differences between Types of Affixes	93	(5)
Word-Formation Processes	98	(1)
Summary	99	(1)
Supplementary Readings	99	(1)
Supplementary Exercises	100	(2)
Phonology	102	(32)
Vocal Tract	103	(1)
Segments	104	(1)
Phonemic Alphabet	105	(9)
Vowels	105	(3)
Consonants	108	(6)
Levels of Representation	114	(3)
Phonological Rules	117	(10)
Aspiration	117	(2)
Vowel Lengthening	119	(2)
Vowel Nasalization	121	(1)
Flapping	122	(1)
Nasal Deletion	123	(4)
Summary	127	(1)
Supplementary Readings	127	(1)
Supplementary Exercises	128	(6)
Language Variation	134	(41)
Language Universals, Languages, Dialects, and Idiolects	135	(2)
Regional Variation	137	(11)
Regional Lexical Variation	142	(2)
Regional Phonological Variation	144	(4)
Social Variation	148	(14)
Nonstandard Phonological Variation	151	(3)
Nonstandard Morphological Variation	154	(3)
Nonstandard Syntactic Variation	157	(5)
Language and Gender	162	(4)
Gender as a Social Variable	163	(1)
Gender Patterns within Standard English	163	(3)
Stylistic Variation	166	(5)
Stylistic Lexical Variation	168	(1)
Stylistic Phonological Variation	168	(1)
Stylistic Morphological Variation	169	(1)
Stylistic Syntactic Variation	169	(2)
Summary	171	(1)
Supplementary Readings	171	(1)
Supplementary Exercises	171	(4)
First-Language Acquisition	175	(34)
Prelinguistic Stages	176	(1)
Linguistic Stages	177	(17)
Acquisition of Phonology	179	(3)
Acquisition of Morphology	182	(4)
Acquisition of Syntax	186	(3)
Acquisition of Semantics	189	(5)
Issues in Language Acquisition	194	(8)
Nativism and Empiricism	194	(2)
Language-Specific and General Cognitive Capacities	196	(1)
Chomsky's Position	197	(5)
Summary	202	(1)
Supplementary Readings	203	(1)
Supplementary Exercises	204	(5)
Second-Language Acquisition	209	(22)
Issues in Second-Language Acquisition	210	(5)
Interlanguage Theory	210	(1)
Language Transfer	211	(1)
Other Linguistic Factors	212	(3)
Patterns in Second-Language Acquisition	215	(9)
Phonology	216	(2)
Morphology	218	(1)
Syntax	219	(3)
Semantics	222	(2)
Nonlinguistic Influences on Second-Language Acquisition	224	(2)
Summary	226	(1)
Supplementary Readings	227	(1)
Supplementary Exercises	227	(4)
Written Language	231	(11)
Writing Systems	231	(2)
The English Spelling System	233	(4)
Reasons for Inconsistency in English Spelling	234	(1)
English Spelling and Morphophonemics	235	(2)
Analyzing Errors in Written English	237	(3)
Phonology and Spelling	237	(1)
Morphology and Writing	238	(2)
Summary	240	(1)
Supplementary Readings	240	(1)
Supplementary Exercises	240	(2)
Language Processing	242	(22)
Sentence-Level Phenomena in Language Processing	243	(4)
Negative Sentences	243	(1)
Passive Sentences	244	(1)
Clause Order	245	(1)
Heavy NPs	246	(1)
Discourse-Level Phenomena in Language Processing	247	(8)
Readability	247	(1)
Schemata and Scripts	248	(2)
Cohesion	250	(1)
Thematic Roles	251	(1)
The Given-New Contract	252	(3)
Perceptions about Tone	255	(5)
Summary	260	(1)
Supplementary Readings	260	(1)
Supplementary Exercises	261	(3)
The Neurology of Language	264	(32)
Anatomy of the Nervous System	266	(3)
Lobes	267	(1)
Convolutions and Fissures	268	(1)
Background of Neurolinguistics	269	(4)
Broca	269	(1)
Wernicke	270	(1)
Penfield and Roberts	271	(2)
Hemispherical Specialization	273	(8)
Left-Hemisphere Dominance for Language	273	(5)
Left Brain versus Right Brain	278	(2)
Handedness	280	(1)
Disorders	281	(9)
Aphasia	282	(5)
Agnosia	287	(1)
Apraxia	288	(2)
Summary	290	(1)
Supplementary Readings	290	(1)
Supplementary Exercises	291	(5)
Conclusion	296	(9)
Supplementary Exercises	303	(2)
References	305	(6)
Glossary	311	(12)
Answers to Selected Exercises	323	(6)
Author Index	329	(4)
Subject Index	333