Literacy for the 21st Century : PreK-4 and Teacher Prep Access Code Package

by Tompkins, Gail E.

• ISBN13: 9780131999749
• ISBN10: 0131999745
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Package
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Focusing on pre-kindergarten through grade 4, this book provides a solid foundation in literacy instruction including phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. Offering a wealth of assessment tools and authentic classroom examples, it shows beginning educators how to teach reading and writing effectively in the early grades and how to create a classroom climate where literacy flourishes. Gail Tompkins bases her book on four contemporary literacy theoriesconstructivist, interactive, socio-linguistic and reader responseand maintains her solid focus on assessment and balanced literacy instruction. This edition features more on preventing reading difficulties, nurturing English Language Learners, fostering the earliest literacy learners, and adapting strategies to individual student development.

Table of Contents

Becoming an Effective Teacher of Reading	2	(32)
Principle 1: Effective Teachers Understand How Children Learn	3	(4)
Behaviorism	3	(2)
Constructivism	5	(1)
Interactive Theory	5	(1)
Sociolinguistics	5	(1)
Reader Response	6	(1)
Critical Literacy	6	(1)
Principle 2: Effective Teachers Support Children's Use of the Four Cueing Systems	7	(4)
The Phonological System	9	(1)
The Syntactic System	9	(1)
The Semantic System	10	(1)
The Pragmatic System	10	(1)
Principle 3: Effective Teachers Create a Community of Learners	11	(4)
Characteristics of Classroom Communities	12	(1)
How to Create a Classroom Community	13	(2)
Principle 4: Effective Teachers Adopt a Balanced Approach to Literacy Instruction	15	(2)
Principle 5: Effective Teachers Scaffold Children's Reading and Writing Experiences	17	(4)
Modeled Reading and Writing	17	(1)
Shared Reading and Writing	17	(2)
Interactive Reading and Writing	19	(1)
Guided Reading and Writing	20	(1)
Independent Reading and Writing	20	(1)
Principle 6: Effective Teachers Organize Literacy Instruction in Four Ways	21	(3)
Basal Reader Programs	21	(1)
Literature Focus Units	22	(1)
Literature Circles	22	(1)
Reading and Writing Workshop	23	(1)
Principle 7: Effective Teachers Connect Instruction and Assessment	24	(3)
Preassessing	24	(1)
Monitoring	25	(1)
Assessing	26	(1)
Principle 8: Effective Teachers Become Partners With Parents	27	(4)
Providing Literacy Information to Parents	27	(1)
Classroom Involvement	28	(1)
Supporting Literacy at Home	28	(2)
Family Literacy	30	(1)
Review: How Effective Teachers Teach Reading and Writing	31	(1)
Professional References	31	(2)
Children's Book References	33	(1)
Examining Children's Literacy Development	34	(32)
Vignette: Ms. McCloskey's Students Become Readers and Writers	34	(8)
Fostering Young Children's Interest in Literacy	42	(8)
Oral Language Competence	42	(1)
Concepts About Print	43	(3)
Concepts About the Alphabet	46	(2)
Manuscript Handwriting	48	(2)
Young Children Develop as Readers and Writers	50	(14)
Emergent Reading and Writing	50	(3)
Beginning Reading and Writing	53	(1)
Fluent Reading and Writing	54	(10)
Review: How Effective Teachers Support Young Children's Literacy Development	64	(1)
Professional References	64	(1)
Children's Book References	65	(1)
Assessing Young Children's Literacy Development	66	(24)
Vignette: Mrs. McNeal Conducts Second-Quarter Assessments	66	(7)
Literacy Assessment Tools	73	(13)
Assessing Children's Concepts About Print	74	(1)
Assessing Children's Phonemic Awareness and Phonics	74	(2)
Assessing Children's Fluency	76	(2)
Determining Children's Instructional Reading Level	78	(2)
Assessing Children's Writing	80	(3)
Assessing Children's Spelling	83	(2)
Monitoring Children's Progress	85	(1)
Assigning Grades	86	(2)
Assignment Sheets	86	(2)
Review: How Effective Teachers Assess Children's Literacy Development	88	(1)
Professional References	89	(1)
Children's Book References	89	(1)
Cracking the Alphabetic Code	90	(26)
Vignette: Mrs. Firpo Teaches Phonics Using a Basal Reader Program	90	(6)
Phonemic Awareness	96	(8)
Components of Phonemic Awareness	97	(1)
Teaching Phonemic Awareness	97	(6)
Why Is Phonemic Awareness Important?	103	(1)
Phonics	104	(9)
Phonics Concepts	104	(5)
Teaching Phonics	109	(2)
What Is the Role of Phonics in a Balanced Literacy Program?	111	(2)
Review: How Effective Teachers Assist Children in ``Cracking the Code''	113	(1)
Professional References	113	(2)
Children's Book References	115	(1)
Learning to Spell	116	(24)
Vignette: Mrs. Zumwalt Matches Instruction to Children's Stage of Spelling Development	116	(6)
Children's Spelling Development	122	(4)
Stage 1: Emergent Spelling	122	(1)
Stage 2: Letter-Name Spelling	122	(2)
Stage 3: Within-Word Pattern Spelling	124	(1)
Stage 4: Syllables and Affixes Spelling	125	(1)
Stage 5: Derivational Relations Spelling	125	(1)
Teaching Spelling	126	(12)
Spelling Strategies and Skills	127	(2)
Daily Reading and Writing Opportunities	129	(1)
Minilessons	129	(1)
Word Study Activities	129	(7)
Weekly Spelling Tests	136	(2)
What Is the Controversy About Spelling Instruction?	138	(1)
Review: How Effective Teachers Assist Children in Learning to Spell	138	(1)
Professional References	139	(1)
Developing Fluent Readers and Writers	140	(28)
Vignette: Ms. Williams's Students Learn High-Frequency Words	140	(6)
Teaching Children to Read and Write Words	146	(12)
Word Recognition	146	(6)
Word Identification	152	(6)
What Is Fluency?	158	(7)
Promoting Reading Fluency	160	(4)
Developing Writing Fluency	164	(1)
Review: How Effective Teachers Develop Fluent Readers and Writers	165	(1)
Professional References	166	(1)
Children's Book References	167	(1)
Expanding Children's Knowledge of Words	168	(24)
Vignette: Mr. Wagner's Fourth Graders Study Vocabulary Words	168	(5)
How Do Children Learn Words?	173	(4)
Levels of Word Knowledge	174	(1)
Incidental Word Learning	174	(3)
Why Is Word Knowledge Important?	177	(1)
Explicit Teaching of Words	177	(12)
Characteristics of Effective Instruction	177	(3)
Components of Word Study	180	(4)
Choosing Words to Study	184	(1)
Spotlighting Words on Word Walls	184	(3)
Activities for Exploring Words	187	(2)
Review: How Effective Teachers Expand Children's Knowledge of Words	189	(1)
Professional References	190	(1)
Children's Book References	190	(2)
Facilitating Children's Comprehension: Reader Factors	192	(30)
Vignette: Mrs. Chase's Third Graders Become Strategic Readers	192	(6)
What Is Comprehension?	198	(15)
Reader and Text Factors	198	(2)
Background Knowledge	200	(1)
Purpose	201	(1)
Fluency	202	(1)
Comprehension Strategies	202	(5)
Making Inferences	207	(1)
Motivation and Attention	208	(3)
Comparing Capable and Less Capable Readers and Writers	211	(2)
Teaching Comprehension	213	(6)
Explicit Comprehension Instruction	214	(2)
Developing Comprehension Through Reading	216	(1)
Developing Comprehension Through Writing	217	(2)
Review: How Effective Teachers Facilitate Children's Comprehension	219	(1)
Professional References	219	(1)
Children's Book References	220	(2)
Facilitating Children's Comprehension: Text Factors	222	(32)
Vignette: Mrs. Mast's Students Read ``The Three Bears''	222	(6)
Stories	228	(10)
Narrative Genres	228	(3)
Elements of Story Structure	231	(5)
Why Do Teachers Need to Know About Story Elements?	236	(2)
Informational Books	238	(5)
Nonfiction Genres	238	(3)
Expository Text Structures	241	(2)
Why Do Teachers Need to Know About Expository Text Structures?	243	(1)
Poetry	243	(7)
Types of Poetry Books	243	(1)
Poetic Forms	244	(5)
Why Do Teachers Need to Know About Poetic Forms?	249	(1)
Review: How Effective Teachers Focus on Text Factors	250	(1)
Professional References	250	(1)
Children's Book References	251	(3)
Scaffolding Children's Reading Development	254	(30)
Vignette: Mrs. Ohashi Uses the Reading Process	254	(6)
The Reading Process	260	(14)
Stage 1: Prereading	261	(2)
Stage 2: Reading	263	(7)
Stage 3: Responding	270	(2)
Stage 4: Exploring	272	(2)
Stage 5: Applying	274	(1)
Using the Reading Process to Organize for Instruction	274	(8)
Basal Reader Programs	274	(4)
Literature Focus Units	278	(1)
Literature Circles	279	(1)
Reading Workshop	280	(2)
Review: How Effective Teachers Teach the Reading Process	282	(1)
Professional References	282	(1)
Children's Book References	283	(1)
Scaffolding Children's Writing Development	284	(26)
Vignette: First Graders Participate in Writing Workshop	284	(6)
The Writing Process	290	(10)
Stage 1: Prewriting	290	(4)
Stage 2: Drafting	294	(1)
Stage 3: Revising	295	(1)
Stage 4: Editing	296	(2)
Stage 5: Publishing	298	(2)
Introducing Young Children to Writing	300	(5)
Adapting the Writing Process for Young Children	302	(1)
Modeling the Process Through Interactive Writing	302	(2)
Writing Centers: Opportunities to Write	304	(1)
Reading and Writing Are Similar Processes	305	(3)
Comparing the Two Processes	306	(1)
Classroom Connections	306	(2)
Review: How Effective Teachers Teach the Writing Process	308	(1)
Professional References	309	(1)
Children's Book References	309	(1)
Integrating Reading and Writing Into Thematic Units	310	(29)
Vignette: Mrs. Roberts's Class Learns About Penguins	310	(7)
Tools for Learning	317	(7)
Reading Informational Books	317	(2)
Integrating Stories and Poetry	319	(1)
Writing to Learn	320	(2)
Instructional Conversations	322	(2)
Demonstrating Learning	324	(4)
Writing Projects	324	(1)
Multigenre Projects	325	(2)
Oral Presentations	327	(1)
Thematic Units	328	(8)
How to Develop a Thematic Unit	328	(2)
Topics for Thematic Units	330	(6)
Review: How Effective Teachers Teach Literacy in Thematic Units	336	(1)
Professional References	336	(1)
Children's Book References	337	(2)
Compendium of Instructional Procedures	339	(35)
Alphabet Books	340	(1)
Anticipation Guides	340	(2)
Book Boxes	342	(1)
Book Talks	343	(1)
Choral Reading	343	(1)
Class Collaborations	344	(1)
Clusters	344	(1)
Data Charts	345	(1)
Directed Reading-Thinking Activity	346	(1)
Grand Conversations	347	(1)
Graphic Organizers	348	(1)
Guided Reading	349	(1)
Instructional Conversations	350	(1)
Interactive Read-Alouds	351	(1)
Interactive Writing	352	(1)
K-W-L Charts	353	(1)
Language Experience Approach	354	(2)
Learning Logs	356	(1)
Making Words	356	(3)
Minilessons	359	(1)
Open-Mind Portraits	359	(1)
Quickwriting	360	(1)
Quilts	361	(1)
Read-Arounds	362	(1)
Readers Theatre	362	(1)
Reading Logs	363	(1)
Repeated Readings	363	(1)
Running Records	364	(1)
Say Something	365	(1)
Semantic Feature Analysis	365	(1)
Shared Reading	366	(1)
Story Boards	367	(1)
Story Maps	367	(2)
Word Sorts	369	(1)
Word Walls	370	(1)
Writing Groups	371	(3)
Glossary	374	(4)
Author and Title Index	378	(9)
Subject Index	387