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X. J. Kennedy, after graduation from Seton Hall and Columbia, became a journalist second class in the Navy (“Actually, I was pretty eighth class”). His poems, some published in the New Yorker, were first collected in Nude Descending a Staircase (1961). Since then he has written six more collections, several widely adopted literature and writing textbooks, and seventeen books for children, including two novels. He has taught at Michigan, North Carolina (Greensboro), California (Irvine), Wellesley, Tufts, and Leeds. Cited in Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations and reprinted in some 200 anthologies, his verse has brought him a Guggenheim fellowship, a Lamont Award, a Los Angeles Times Book Prize, an award from the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters, an Aiken-Taylor prize, the Robert Frost Medal of the Poetry Society of America, and the Award for Poetry for Children from the National Council of Teachers of English. He now lives in Lexington, Massachusetts, where he and his wife Dorothy have collaborated on four books and five children.
Dana Gioia is a poet, critic, and teacher. Born in Los Angeles of Italian and Mexican ancestry, he attended Stanford and Harvard before taking a detour into business. After years of writing and reading late in the evenings after work, he quit a corporate vice presidency to write. He has published four collections of poetry, Daily Horoscope (1986), The Gods of Winter (1991), Interrogations at Noon (2001), which won the American Book Award, and Pity the Beautiful (2012); and three critical volumes, including Can Poetry Matter? (1992), an influential study of poetry’s place in contemporary America. Gioia has taught at Johns Hopkins, Sarah Lawrence, Wesleyan (Connecticut), Mercer, and Colorado College. From 2003-2009 he served as the Chairman of the National Endowments for the Arts. At the NEA he created the largest literary programs in federal history, including Shakespeare in American Communities and Poetry Out Loud, the national high school poetry recitation contest. He also led the campaign to restore active literary reading by creating The Big Read, which helped reverse a quarter century of decline in U.S. reading. He is currently the Judge Widney Professor of Poetry and Public Culture at the University of Southern California.
** = new selection vs. Compact 6e
FICTION
A Conversation with Amy Tan
1 Reading a Story
W. Somerset Maugham The Appointment in Samarra
** Aesop The Fox and the Grapes
** Bidpai The Camel and His Friends
Chuang Tzu Independence
Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm Godfather Death
John Updike A & P
Writing effectively
John Updike on Writing Why Write?
2 Point of View
William Faulkner A Rose for Emily
** ZZ Packer Brownies
Edgar Allan Poe The Tell Tale Heart
James Baldwin Sonny’s Blues
Writing Effectively
James Baldwin on Writing Race and the African American Writer
3 Character
Katherine Anne Porter The Jilting of Granny Weatherall
Nathaniel Hawthorne Young Goodman Brown
Katherine Mansfield Miss Brill
Raymond Carver Cathedral
Writing Effectively
Raymond Carver on Writing Commonplace but Precise Language
4 Setting
Kate Chopin The Storm
** Jack London To Build a Fire
** Ray Bradbury A Sound of Thunder
Amy Tan A Pair of Tickets
Writing Effectively
Amy Tan on Writing Setting the Voice
5 Tone and Style
Ernest Hemingway A Clean, Well-Lighted Place
William Faulkner Barn Burning
O. Henry The Gift of the Magi
** Anne Tyler Teenage Wasteland
Writing Effectively
Ernest Hemingway on Writing The Direct Style
6 Theme
Chinua Achebe Dead Men’s Path
** Alice Munro How I Met My Husband
Luke 15:11—32 The Parable of the Prodigal Son
Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. Harrison Bergeron
Writing Effectively
Kurt Vonnegut Jr. on Writing The Themes of Science Fiction
7 Symbol
John Steinbeck The Chrysanthemums
D. H. Lawrence The Rocking-Horse Winner
Ursula K. Le Guin The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas
Shirley Jackson The Lottery
writing effectively
Shirley Jackson on Writing Biography of a Story
**8 Reading Long Stories and Novels
** Franz Kafka The Metamorphosis
Writing Effectively
** Franz Kafka on Writing Discussing The Metamorphosis
9 Critical Casebook: Flannery O’Connor
FLANNERY O’CONNOR
A Good Man Is Hard to Find
Revelation
Flannery O’Connor on Writing
From “On Her Own Work”
On Her Catholic Faith
From “The Grotesque in Southern Fiction”
Critics on Flannery O’Connor
J. O. Tate A Good Source Is Not So Hard to Find: The Real Life Misfit
Mary Jane Schenck Deconstructing “A Good Man Is Hard to Find”
Louise S. Cowan The Character of Mrs. Turpin in “Revelation”
** Dean Flower Listening to Flannery O’connor
10 Critical Casebook: Two Stories in Depth
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
The Yellow Wallpaper
Charlotte Perkins Gilman on Writing
Why I Wrote “The Yellow Wallpaper”
Whatever Is
The Nervous Breakdown of Women
Critics on “The Yellow Wallpaper”
Juliann Fleenor Gender and Pathology in “The Yellow Wallpaper”
Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar Imprisonment and Escape: The Psychology of Confinement
Elizabeth Ammons Biographical Echoes in “The Yellow Wallpaper”
Alice Walker
Everyday Use
Alice Walker on Writing
The Black Woman Writer in America
Reflections on Writing and Women’s Lives
Critics on “Everyday Use”
Barbara T. Christian “Everyday Use” and the Black Power Movement
** Mary Helen Washington “Everyday Use” as a Portrait of the Artist
Houston A. Baker and Charlotte Pierce-Baker Stylish vs. Sacred in “Everyday Use”
Elaine Showalter Quilt as Metaphor in “Everyday Use”
11 Stories for Further Reading
Sherman Alexie This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona
** Isabel Allende The Judge’s Wife
Margaret Atwood Happy Endings
Ambrose Bierce An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
Jorge Luis Borges The Gospel According to Mark
T. Coraghessan Boyle Greasy Lake
Kate Chopin The Story of an Hour
Gabriel García Márquez A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings
Zora Neale Hurston Sweat
James Joyce Araby
Jamaica Kincaid Girl
Jhumpa Lahiri Interpreter of Maladies
Joyce Carol Oates Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
Tim O’Brien The Things They Carried
** Eudora Welty A Worn Path
POETRY
A Conversation with Kay Ryan
12 Reading a Poem
William Butler Yeats The Lake Isle of Innisfree
Robert Hayden Those Winter Sundays
Adrienne Rich Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers
Anonymous Sir Patrick Spence
Robert Frost “Out, Out–”
Robert Browning My Last Duchess
Writing Effectively
Adrienne Rich on Writing Recalling “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers”
thinking about Paraphrase
William Stafford Ask Me
William Stafford A Paraphrase of “Ask Me”
13 Listening to a Voice
Tone
Theodore Roethke My Papa’s Waltz
Countee Cullen For a Lady I Know
Anne Bradstreet The Author to Her Book
Walt Whitman To a Locomotive in Winter
Emily Dickinson I like to see it lap the Miles
**Benjamin Alire Saenz, To the Desert
**Gwendolyn Brooks Speech to the Young. Speech to the Progress-Toward
Weldon Kees For My Daughter
The Person in the Poem
Natasha Trethewey White Lies
Edwin Arlington Robinson Luke Havergal
Ted Hughes Hawk Roosting
**Anonymous Dog Haiku
William Wordsworth I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
Dorothy Wordsworth Journal Entry
Anne Sexton Her Kind
William Carlos Williams The Red Wheelbarrow
Irony
Robert Creeley Oh No
W. H. Auden The Unknown Citizen
Sharon Olds Rites of Passage
**Julie Sheehan, Hate Poem
Edna St. Vincent Millay Second Fig
Thomas Hardy The Workbox
Review
William Blake The Chimney Sweeper
William Stafford At the Un-National Monument Along the Canadian Border
Richard Lovelace To Lucasta
Wilfred Owen Dulce et Decorum Est
Writing Effectively
Wilfred Owen on Writing War Poetry
14 Words
William Carlos Williams This Is Just to Say
Diction
Marianne Moore Silence
Robert Graves Down, Wanton, Down!
John Donne Batter my heart, three-personed God, for You
The Value of a Dictionary
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Aftermath
** Kay Ryan Mockingbird
J. V. Cunningham Friend, on this scaffold Thomas More lies dead
** Samuel Menashe Bread
Carl Sandburg Grass
Word Choice and Word Order
Robert Herrick Upon Julia’s Clothes
Thomas Hardy The Ruined Maid
Wendy Cope Lonely Hearts
Review
E. E. Cummings anyone lived in a pretty how town
Billy Collins The Names
Anonymous Carnation Milk
Gina Valdés English con Salsa
Lewis Carroll Jabberwocky
Writing Effectively
Lewis Carroll Humpty Dumpty Explicates “Jabberwocky”
15 Saying and Suggesting
William Blake London
Wallace Stevens Disillusionment of Ten O’Clock
** Gwendolyn Brooks The Bean Eaters
E. E. Cummings next to of course god america i
Robert Frost Fire and Ice
Diane Thiel The Minefield
** H.D. Storm
Alfred, Lord Tennyson Tears, Idle Tears
Richard Wilbur Love Calls Us to the Things of This World
Writing Effectively
Richard Wilbur on Writing Concerning “Love Calls Us to the Things of This World”
16 Imagery
Ezra Pound In a Station of the Metro
Taniguchi Buson The piercing chill I feel
Imagery
T. S. Eliot The winter evening settles down
Theodore Roethke Root Cellar
Elizabeth Bishop The Fish
Emily Dickinson A Route of Evanescence
Jean Toomer Reapers
Gerard Manley Hopkins Pied Beauty
About Haiku
Arakida Moritake The falling flower
Matsuo Basho Heat-lightning streak
Matsuo Basho In the old stone pool
Taniguchi Buson On the one-ton temple bell
Taniguchi Buson Moonrise on mudflats
Kobayashi Issa only one guy
Kobayashi Issa Cricket
Haiku from Japanese Internment Camps
** Suiko Matsushita Rain shower from mountain
** Suiko Matsushita Cosmos in bloom
** Hakuro Wada Even the croaking of frogs
** Neiji Ozawa The war–this year
Contemporary Haiku
Etheridge Knight Making jazz swing in
** Gary Snyder After weeks of watching the roof leak
** Adelle Foley Learning to Shave
** Garry Gay Hole in the ozone
For Review and Further Study
John Keats Bright star! would I were steadfast as thou art
Walt Whitman The Runner
**H.D. Oread
William Carlos Williams El Hombre
Robert Bly Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter
Stevie Smith Not Waving but Drowning
Writing Effectively
Ezra Pound on Writing The Image
17 Figures of Speech
Alfred, Lord Tennyson The Eagle
William Shakespeare Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
Howard Moss Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?
Metaphor and Simile
Emily Dickinson My Life had stood — a Loaded Gun
Alfred, Lord Tennyson Flower in the Crannied Wall
William Blake To see a world in a grain of sand
Sylvia Plath Metaphors
N. Scott Momaday Simile
Jill Alexander Essbaum The Heart
Craig Raine A Martian Sends a Postcard Home
Other Figures of Speech
James Stephens The Wind
Robinson Jeffers Hands
Margaret Atwood You fit into me
Dana Gioia Money
Carl Sandburg Fog
For Review and Further Study
Robert Frost The Silken Tent
Jane Kenyon The Suitor
Robert Frost The Secret Sits
A. R. Ammons Coward
Kay Ryan Turtle
**Emily Brontë Love and Friendship
Robert Burns Oh, my love is like a red, red rose
Writing Effectively
Robert Frost on Writing The Importance of Poetic Metaphor
18 Song
Ben Jonson To Celia
James Weldon Johnson Sence You Went Away
** William Shakespeare Fear no more the heat o’ the sun
Edwin Arlington Robinson Richard Cory
Paul Simon Richard Cory
Ballads
Anonymous Bonny Barbara Allan
Dudley Randall Ballad of Birmingham
Blues
Bessie Smith with Clarence Williams Jailhouse Blues
W. H. Auden Funeral Blues
Review
** Bob Dylan The Times They Are a-Changin’
Aimee Mann Deathly
Writing Effectively
** Bob Dylan on Writing TBD: Excerpt from Dylan’s Chronicles
19 Sound
William Butler Yeats Who Goes with Fergus?
William Wordsworth A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal
Aphra Behn When maidens are young
Alliteration and Assonance
A. E. Housman Eight O’Clock
James Joyce All day I hear
Alfred, Lord Tennyson The splendor falls on castle walls
Rime
William Cole On my boat on Lake Cayuga
Hilaire Belloc The Hippopotamus
**Bob Kaufman No More Jazz at Alcatraz
William Butler Yeats Leda and the Swan
Gerard Manley Hopkins God’s Grandeur
Robert Frost Desert Places
Reading and Hearing Poem Aloud
Michael Stillman In Memoriam John Coltrane
Kevin Young Doo Wop
T. S. Eliot Virginia
Writing Effectively
T. S. Eliot on Writing The Music of Poetry
20 Rhythm
Stresses and Pauses
Gwendolyn Brooks We Real Cool
Alfred, Lord Tennyson Break, Break, Break
Dorothy Parker Résumé
Meter
Edna St. Vincent Millay Counting-out Rhyme
A. E. Housman When I was one-and-twenty
William Carlos Williams Smell!
Walt Whitman Beat! Beat! Drums!
** David Mason Song of the Powers
Langston Hughes Dream Boogie
Writing Effectively
Gwendolyn Brooks on Writing Hearing “We Real Cool”
21 Closed Form
Formal Patterns
John Keats This living hand, now warm and capable
Robert Graves Counting the Beats
John Donne Song (“Go and catch a falling star”)
The Sonnet
William Shakespeare Let me not to the marriage of true minds
Edna St. Vincent Millay What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why
Robert Frost Acquainted with the Night
A. E. Stallings Sine Qua Non
**Amit Majmudar Rites to Allay the Dead
R. S. Gwynn Shakespearean Sonnet
The Epigram
Sir John Harrington Of Treason
** Langston Hughes Two Somewhat Different Epigrams
** Dorothy Parker The Actress
** Poetweets
** Lawrence Bridges Two Poetweets
** Robert Pinsky Low Pay Piecework
Other Forms
Dylan Thomas Do not go gentle into that good night
Robert Bridges Triolet
Elizabeth Bishop Sestina
Writing Effectively
A. E. Stallings on Writing On Form and Artifice
22 Open Form
Denise Levertov Ancient Stairway
Free Verse
E. E. Cummings Buffalo Bill ’s
** W. S. Merwin For the Anniversary of My Death
William Carlos Williams The Dance
** Stephen Crane The Wayfarer
Walt Whitman Cavalry Crossing a Ford
Wallace Stevens Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird
Prose Poetry
** Charles Simic The Magic Study of Happiness
Visual Poetry
George Herbert Easter Wings
John Hollander Swan and Shadow
For Review and Further Study
E. E. Cummings in Just-
** Francisco X. Alarcón Frontera / Border
Carole Satyamurti I Shall Paint My Nails Red
** Alice Fulton What I Like
Writing Effectively
Walt Whitman on Writing The Poetry of the Future
23 Symbol
T. S. Eliot The Boston Evening Transcript
Emily Dickinson The Lightning is a yellow Fork
Identifying Symbols
Thomas Hardy Neutral Tones
Allegory
Matthew :— The Parable of the Good Seed
** George Herbert Redemption
Robert Frost The Road Not Taken
** Antonio Machado The Traveler
Christina Rossetti Uphill
Review
** William Carlos Williams The Young Housewife
** Ted Kooser Carrie
Mary Oliver Wild Geese
** Tami Haaland Lipstick
Lorine Niedecker Popcorn-can cover
Wallace Stevens The Snow Man
Wallace Stevens Anecdote of the Jar
Writing Effectively
William Butler Yeats on Writing Poetic Symbols
24 Myth and Narrative
Origins of Myth
Robert Frost Nothing Gold Can Stay
William Wordsworth The world is too much with us
H. D. Helen
** Edgar Allan Poe To Helen
Archetype
Louise Bogan Medusa
John Keats La Belle Dame sans Merci
Personal Myth
William Butler Yeats The Second Coming
Myth and Popular Culture
A. E. Stallings First Love: A Quiz
Anne Sexton Cinderella
Writing Effectively
Anne Sexton on Writing Transforming Fairy Tales
25 Poetry and Personal Identity
Confessional Poetry
Sylvia Plath Lady Lazarus
Identity Poetics
Rhina Espaillat Bilingual/Bilingüe
Culture, Race, and Ethnicity
Claude McKay America
**Shirley Geok-lin Lim Riding Into California
Judith Ortiz Cofer Quiñceañera
Yusef Komunyakaa Facing It
Gender
**Carolyn Kizer Bitch
**Rafael Campo For J. W.
Donald Justice Men at Forty
Adrienne Rich Women
Review
**Andrew Hudgins Elegy for My Father, Who Is Not Dead
**Brian Turner The Hurt Locker
Philip Larkin Aubade
Writing Effectively
Rhina Espaillat on Writing Being a Bilingual Writer
26 Poetry in Spanish: Literature of Latin America
Sor Juana Presente en que el Cariño Hace Regalo la Llaneza
Translated by Diane Thiel A Simple Gift Made Rich by Affection
Pablo Neruda Muchos Somos
Translated by Alastair Reid We Are Many
** Jorge Luis Borges On his blindness
**Translated by Robert Mezey On His Blindness
Octavio Paz Con los ojos cerrados
Translated by Eliot Weinberger With eyes closed
Frida Kahlo The Two Fridas
César Vallejo La cólera que quiebra al hombre en niños
Translated by Thomas Merton Anger
** José Emilio Pacheco Alta Traición
**Translated by Alastair Reid High Treason
** Tedi López Mills Convalecencia
**Translated by Cheryl Clark Convalescence
** Pedro Serrano Golondrinas
**Translated by Anna Crowe Swallows
Writing Effectively
Alastair Reid on Writing Translating Neruda
27 Recognizing Excellence
Anonymous O Moon, when I gaze on thy beautiful face
Emily Dickinson A Dying Tiger — moaned for Drink
Sentimentality
Rod McKuen Thoughts on Capital Punishment
William Stafford Traveling Through the Dark
Recognizing Excellence
William Butler Yeats Sailing to Byzantium
Arthur Guiterman On the Vanity of Earthly Greatness
Percy Bysshe Shelley Ozymandias
**Robert Hayden Frederick Douglass
Elizabeth Bishop One Art
**John Keats Ode to a Nightingale
Walt Whitman O Captain! My Captain!
Dylan Thomas In My Craft or Sullen Art
Paul Laurence Dunbar We Wear the Mask
Emma Lazarus The New Colossus
Edgar Allan Poe Annabel Lee
Writing Effectively
Edgar Allan Poe on Writing A Long Poem Does Not Exist
28 What Is Poetry?
**Archibald MacLeish Ars Poetica
29 Two Critical Casebooks:
Emily Dickinson and Langston Hughes
Emily Dickinson
Success is counted sweetest
**I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed
Wild Nights — Wild Nights!
I Felt a Funeral, in my Brain
I’m Nobody! Who are you?
The Soul selects her own Society
After great pain, a formal feeling comes
Much Madness is divinest Sense
This is my letter to the World
I heard a Fly buzz — when I died
Because I could not stop for Death
Tell all the Truth but tell it slant
Emily Dickinson on Emily Dickinson
Recognizing Poetry
Self-Description
Critics on Emily Dickinson
Thomas H. Johnson The Discovery of Emily Dickinson’s Manuscripts
Richard Wilbur The Three Privations of Emily Dickinson
Cynthia Griffin Wolff Dickinson and Death (A Reading of “Because I could not stop for Death”)
Judith Farr A Reading of “My Life had stood — a Loaded Gun”
Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar The Freedom of Emily Dickinson
Langston Hughes
The Negro Speaks of Rivers
My People
Mother to Son
Dream Variations
I, Too
The Weary Blues
**Song for a Dark Girl
Ballad of the Landlord
Theme for English B
**Nightmare Boogie
Harlem [Dream Deferred]
Homecoming
Langston Hughes on Langston Hughes
The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain
The Harlem Renaissance
Critics on Langston Hughes
Arnold Rampersad Hughes as an Experimentalist
Rita Dove and Marilyn Nelson Langston Hughes and Harlem
Darryl Pinckney Black Identity in Langston Hughes
Onwuchekwa Jemie A Reading of “Dream Deferred”
30 Critical Casebook: T. S. Eliot’s “The Love Song
of J. Alfred Prufrock”
T. S. Eliot
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
T. S. Eliot on Writing
Poetry and Emotion
The Objective Correlative
Critics on “Prufrock”
Denis Donoghue One of the Irrefutable Poets
Philip R. Headings The Pronouns in the Poem: “One,” “You,” and “I”
Maud Ellmann Will There Be Time?
31 Poems for Further Reading
Aaron Abeyta thirteen ways of looking at a tortilla
Anonymous Lord Randall
Matthew Arnold Dover Beach
John Ashbery At North Farm
Margaret Atwood Siren Song
W. H. Auden As I Walked Out One Evening
W. H. Auden Musée des Beaux Arts
Elizabeth Bishop Filling Station
William Blake The Tyger
William Blake The Sick Rose
Gwendolyn Brooks The Mother
Gwendolyn Brooks The Rites for Cousin Vit
Elizabeth Barrett Browning How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Ways
Robert Browning Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister
Charles Bukowski Dostoevsky
**Lorna Dee Cervantes Cannery Town in August
Samuel Taylor Coleridge Kubla Khan
Billy Collins Care and Feeding
Hart Crane My Grandmother’s Love Letters
E. E. Cummings somewhere i have never travelled,gladly beyond
Marisa de los Santos Perfect Dress
John Donne Death be not proud
John Donne The Flea
John Donne A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
Rita Dove Daystar
T. S. Eliot Journey of the Magi
Robert Frost Birches
Robert Frost Mending Wall
Robert Frost Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Allen Ginsberg A Supermarket in California
Thomas Hardy The Convergence of the Twain
Thomas Hardy The Darkling Thrush
Seamus Heaney Digging
George Herbert Love
Robert Herrick To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time
Gerard Manley Hopkins Spring and Fall
Gerard Manley Hopkins The Windhover
A. E. Housman Loveliest of trees, the cherry now
A. E. Housman To an Athlete Dying Young
Randall Jarrell The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner
** Robinson Jeffers Rock and Hawk
Ha Jin Missed Time
Ben Jonson On My First Son
Donald Justice On the Death of Friends in Childhood
John Keats Ode on a Grecian Urn
John Keats When I have fears that I may cease to be
John Keats To Autumn
**Ted Kooser Abandoned Farmhouse
Philip Larkin Home is so Sad
Philip Larkin Poetry of Departures
D. H. Lawrence Piano
** Denise Levertov O Taste and See
Shirley Geok-lin Lim Learning to Love America
Li Po Translated by Arthur Waley Drinking Alone by Moonlight
Robert Lowell Skunk Hour
Andrew Marvell To His Coy Mistress
Edna St. Vincent Millay Recuerdo
John Milton When I consider how my light is spent
Marianne Moore Poetry
Marilyn Nelson A Strange Beautiful Woman
Sharon Olds The One Girl at the Boys’ Party
Wilfred Owen Anthem for Doomed Youth
Sylvia Plath Daddy
Alexander Pope A little Learning is a dang’rous Thing
Ezra Pound The River-Merchant’s Wife: A Letter
Henry Reed Naming of Parts
Adrienne Rich Living in Sin
Edwin Arlington Robinson Miniver Cheevy
Theodore Roethke Elegy for Jane
William Shakespeare That time of year thou mayst in me behold
**William Shakespeare When to the sessions of sweet silent thought
William Shakespeare My mistress’ eyes are nothing likethe sun
Charles Simic The Butcher Shop
William Stafford The Farm on the Great Plains
Wallace Stevens The Emperor of Ice-Cream
Alfred, Lord Tennyson Ulysses
Dylan Thomas Fern Hill
John Updike Ex-Basketball Player
** Derek Walcott Sea Grapes
** Edmund Waller Go, Lovely Rose
Walt Whitman from Song of the Open Road
Walt Whitman I Hear America Singing
Richard Wilbur The Writer
William Carlos Williams Spring and All
** William Carlos Williams Queen-Anne’s-Lace
William Wordsworth Composed upon Westminster Bridge
James Wright Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio
Mary Sidney Wroth In this strange labyrinth
William Butler Yeats Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop
William Butler Yeats The Magi
William Butler Yeats When You Are Old
DRAMA
A Conversation with David Ives
32 Reading a Play
Susan Glaspell Trifles
Writing Effectively
Susan Glaspell on Writing Creating Trifles
33 Modes of Drama: Tragedy and Comedy
Christopher Marlowe Scene From Doctor Faustus (Act 2, Scene 1)
Comedy
**David Ives Sure Thing
Writing Effectively
David Ives on Writing On the one-act play
34 Critical Casebook: Sophocles
Sophocles Oedipus the King (Translated by Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald)
Critics on Sophocles
Aristotle Defining Tragedy
Sigmund Freud The Destiny of Oedipus
E. R. Dodds On Misunderstanding Oedipus
A. E. Haigh The Irony of Sophocles
David Wiles The Chorus as Democrat
Writing Effectively
Robert Fitzgerald Translating Sophocles into English
35 Critical Casebook: Shakespeare
William Shakespeare Othello, the Moor of Venice
Critics on Shakespeare
Anthony Burgess An Asian Culture Looks at Shakespeare
W. H. Auden Iago as a Triumphant Villain
Maud Bodkin Lucifer in Shakespeare’s Othello
Virginia Mason Vaughan Black and White in Othello
Clare Asquith Shakespeare’s Language as a Hidden Political Code
Writing Effectively
Ben Jonson on Writing On His Friend and Rival William Shakespeare
36 The Modern Theater
Henrik Ibsen A Doll’s House (Translated by R. Farquharson Sharp, Revised by Viktoria Michelsen)
Henrik Ibsen on Writing Correspondence on the Final Scene of A Doll’s House
Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie
Tennessee Williams on Writing How to Stage The Glass Menagerie
**Milcha Sanchez-Scott The Cuban Swimmer
**Milcha Sanchez-Scott on Writing Writing The Cuban Swimmer
Anna Deavere Smith Scenes from Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992
Anna Deavere Smith on Writing A Call to the Community
37 Plays for Further Reading
David Henry Hwang The Sound of a Voice
David Henry Hwang on Writing Multicultural Theater
** Edward Bok Lee El Santo Americano
** Edward Bok Lee on Writing On Being a Korean American Writer
**Jane Martin Beauty
August Wilson Fences 1996
August Wilson on Writing A Look into Black America
WRITING
38 Writing About Literature
Robert Frost Nothing Gold Can Stay
**Anonymous (after a poem by Jerrold H. Zar) A Little Poem Regarding Computer Spell Checkers
39 Writing About a Story
40 Writing About a Poem
Robert Frost Design
Abbie Huston Evans Wing-Spread
Robert Frost In White
41 Writing About a Play
42 Writing a Research Paper
Reference Guide for Citations
43 Writing an Essay Exam
44 Critical Approaches to Literature
Formalist Criticism
Robert Langbaum On Robert Browning’s “My Last Duchess”
Biographical Criticism
Brett C. Millier On Elizabeth Bishop’s “One Art”
Historical Criticism
** Kathryn Lee Seidel The Economics of Zora Neale Hurston’s “Sweat”
Psychological Criticism
Gretchen Schulz and R. J. R. Rockwood Fairy Tale Motifs in “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
Mythological Criticism
Edmond Volpe Myth in Faulkner’s “Barn Burning”
Sociological Criticism
Alfred Kazin Walt Whitman and Abraham Lincoln
Gender Criticism
** Nina Pelikan Straus Transformations in The Metamorphosis
Reader-Response Criticism
Stanley Fish An Eskimo “A Rose for Emily”
Deconstructionist Criticism
** Geoffrey Hartman On Wordsworth’s “A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal”
Cultural Studies
Camille Paglia A Reading of William Blake’s “The Chimney Sweeper”
Glossary of Literary Terms
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