Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama, Compact Edition

by Kennedy, X. J.; Gioia, Dana M.

• ISBN13: 9780321093653
• ISBN10: 0321093658
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

"Literature, Compact 4/e," the concise edition of the most popular introduction of its kind, is organized into three genres--Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. As in past editions, the authors' collective poetic voice brings personal warmth and a human perspective to the discussion of literature, adding to students' interest in the readings. An introduction to a balance of contemporary and classic stories, poems, and plays. Casebooks offer in-depth look at an author or clusters of works, for example " Latin American Poetry." Authors Joe Kennedy and Dana Gioia provide inviting and illuminating introductions to the authors included and to the elements of literature. Coverage of writing about literature is also included. For those interested in literature.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxxix
To the Instructor	xliii
About the Authors	liii
Fiction	1	(452)
Reading a Story	3	(19)
Fable, Parable, and Tales	4	(7)
The Appointment in Samarra	4	(1)
W. Somerset Maugham
The North Wind and the Sun Aesop	5	(1)
Independence	6	(2)
Chuang Tzu
Godfather Death	8	(3)
Jakob
Wilhelm Grimm
Plot	11	(1)
The Short Story	12	(7)
A&P	14	(5)
John Updike
Writer's Perspective
John Updike on Writing, Why Write?	19	(1)
Writing Critically
What's the Plot?	20	(1)
Writing Assignment	21	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing	21	(1)
Point of View	22	(55)
A Rose for Emily	28	(7)
William Faulkner
The Tell-Tale Heart	35	(4)
Edgar Allan Poe
Sonny's Blues	39	(24)
James Baldwin
Why I Live at the P.O.	63	(10)
Eudora Welty
Writer's Perspective
James Baldwin on Writing, Race and the African-American Writer	73	(2)
Writing Critically
How Point of View Shapes a Story	75	(1)
Writing Assignment	75	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing	76	(1)
Character	77	(34)
The Jilting of Granny Weatherall	80	(8)
Katherine Anne Porter
Everyday Use	88	(7)
Alice Walker
Gimpel the Fool	95	(11)
Isaac Bashevis Singer
Saul Bellow
Writer's Perspective
Isaac Bashevis Singer on Writing, The Character of Gimpel	106	(1)
Writing Critically
How Character Creates Action	107	(1)
Writing Assignment	108	(1)
Student Essay
Comparing Miss Emily and Miss Brill	108	(2)
Further Suggestions for Writing	110	(1)
Setting	111	(34)
The Storm	114	(5)
Kate Chopin
Greasy Lake	119	(8)
T. Coraghessan Boyle
A Pair of Tickets	127	(15)
Amy Tan
Writer's Perspective
Amy Tan on Writing, Setting the Voice	142	(1)
Writing Critically
How Time and Place Set a Story	143	(1)
Writing Assignment	143	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing	144	(1)
Tone and Style	145	(34)
A Clean, Well-Lighted Place	149	(4)
Ernest Hemingway
Barn Burning	153	(13)
William Faulkner
Irony	166	(10)
Saboteur	168	(8)
Ha Jin
Writer's Perspective
Ernest Hemingway on Writing, The Direct Style	176	(1)
Writing Critically
Be Style Conscious	177	(1)
Writing Assignment	178	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing	178	(1)
Theme	179	(31)
The Open Boat	181	(19)
Stephen Crane
Luke 15: 11-32, The Parable of the Prodigal Son	200	(1)
Harrison Bergeron	201	(6)
Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.
Writer's Perspective
Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. on Writing, The Themes of Science Fiction	207	(1)
Writing Critically
Stating the Theme	208	(1)
Writing Assignment	208	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing	208	(2)
Symbol	210	(36)
The Chrysanthemums	212	(9)
John Steinbeck
The Lottery	221	(8)
Shirley Jackson
My Life with the Wave	229	(5)
Octavio Paz
The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas	234	(6)
Ursula K. Le Guin
Writer's Perspective
Ursula K. Le Guin on Writing, On ``The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas''	240	(1)
Writing Critically
Recognizing Symbols	241	(1)
Writing Assignment	241	(1)
Student Essay
An Analysis of the Symbolism in Steinbeck's ``The Chrysanthemums''	242	(3)
Further Suggestions for Writing	245	(1)
Two Critical Casebooks: Flannery O'Connor and Raymond Carver	246	(79)
Flannery O'Connor	246	(1)
Stories
Good Country People	247	(27)
A Good Man Is Hard to Find
Flannery O'Connor on Flannery O'Connor
The Element of Suspense in ``A Good Man Is Hard to Find''	274	(3)
On Her Catholic Faith	277	(1)
The Serious Writer and the Tired Reader	277	(2)
Yearbook Cartoons	279	(1)
Critics on Flannery O'Connor
Flannery O'Connor and Her Readers	280	(3)
Robert Brinkmeyer Jr.
A Good Source Is Not So Hard to Find: The Real Life Misfit	283	(2)
J. O. Tate
Deconstructing ``A Good Man Is Hard to Find''	285	(2)
Mary Jane Schenck
Comic Perversion in ``Good Country People''	287	(1)
Kathleen Feeley
Raymond Carver	288	(1)
Stories
Cathedral	289	(10)
A Small, Good Thing	299	(18)
Raymond Carver on Raymond Carver
Commonplace but Precise Language	317	(1)
My Biases in Fiction	318	(1)
Honesty in Writing	319	(1)
Critics on Raymond Carver
The Origins of ``Cathedral''	319	(1)
Tess Gallagher
The Origin of ``Cathedral''	320	(1)
Tom Jenks
Carver and Minimalism	321	(1)
Paul Skenazy
Carver's Characterization	322	(1)
Arthur Saltzman
Writing Critically
How One Story Illuminates Another	323	(1)
Writing Assignment	323	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing on Flannery O'Connor	324	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing on Raymond Carver	324	(1)
Stories for Further Reading	325	(128)
Dead Men's Path	325	(3)
Chinua Achebe
Happy Endings	328	(4)
Margaret Atwood
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge	332	(7)
Ambrose Bierce
The Gospel According to Mark	339	(4)
Jorge Luis Borges
Paul's Case	343	(15)
Willa Cather
Barbie-Q	358	(2)
Sandra Cisneros
A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings	360	(5)
Gabriel Garcia Marquez
The Yellow Wallpaper	365	(13)
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Young Goodman Brown	378	(10)
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Sweat	388	(10)
Zora Neale Hurston
Araby	398	(5)
James Joyce
Before the Law	403	(2)
Franz Kafka
Girl	405	(1)
Jamaica Kincaid
The Rocking-Horse Winner	406	(12)
D. H. Lawrence
Miss Brill	418	(4)
Katherine Mansfield
Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?	422	(13)
Joyce Carol Gates
The Things They Carried	435	(13)
Tim O'Brien
The Man to Send Rain Clouds	448	(5)
Leslie Marmon Silko
Poetry	453	(412)
Reading a Poem	455	(16)
The Lake Isle of Innisfree	457	(3)
William Butler Yeats
Lyric Poetry	460	(2)
Piano	460	(1)
D. H. Lawrence
Aunt Jennifer's Tigers	461	(1)
Adrienne Rich
Narrative Poetry	462	(3)
Anonymous, Sir Patrick Spence	462	(2)
``Out, Out-''	464	(1)
Robert Frost
Dramatic Poetry	465	(3)
My Last Duchess	465	(3)
Robert Browning
Writer's Perspective
Adrienne Rich on Writing, Recalling ``Aunt Jennifer's Tigers''	468	(1)
Writing Critically
Can a Poem Be Paraphrased?	469	(1)
Ask Me	469	(1)
William Stafford
A Paraphrase of ``Ask Me''	469	(1)
William Stafford
Writing Assignment	470	(1)
Listening to a Voice	471	(28)
Tone	471	(6)
My Papa's Waltz	472	(1)
Theodore Roethke
For A Lady I Know	473	(1)
Countee Cullen
The Author to Her Book	473	(1)
Anne Bradstreet
To a Locomotive in Winter	474	(1)
Walt Whitman
I Like to see it lap the Miles	475	(1)
Emily Dickinson
To the Desert	476	(1)
Benjamin Alire Saenz
For My Daughter	477	(1)
Weldon Kees
The Person in the Poem	477	(7)
Birch Canoe	478	(1)
Carter Revard
Luke Havergal	479	(1)
Edwin Arlington Robinson
Hawk Roosting	480	(1)
Ted Hughes
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud	481	(1)
William Wordsworth
Journal Entry	482	(1)
Dorothy Wordsworth
A Glass of Beer	483	(1)
James Stephens
The Red Wheelbarrow	484	(1)
William Carlos Williams
Irony	484	(6)
Oh No	485	(1)
Robert Creeley
The Unknown Citizen	486	(1)
W. H. Auden
Rites of Passage	487	(1)
Sharon Olds
The Golf Links	488	(1)
Sarah N. Cleghorn
The Workbox	488	(2)
Thomas Hardy
For Review and Further Study	490	(3)
High Treason	490	(1)
Jost Emilio Pacheco
At the Un-National Monument Along the Canadian Border	490	(1)
William Stafford
To Lucasta	491	(1)
Richard Lovelace
Dulce et Decorum Est	491	(2)
Wilfred Owen
Writer's Perspective
Wilfred Owen on Writing, War Poetry	493	(1)
Writing Critically
Paying Attention to the Obvious	493	(1)
Writing Assignment	493	(1)
Student Essay
Word Choice, Tone, and Point of View in Roethke's ``My Papa's Waltz''	494	(3)
Further Suggestions for Writing	497	(2)
Words	499	(24)
Literal Meaning: What a Poem Says First	499	(5)
This Is Just to Say	500	(1)
William Carlos Williams
Silence	501	(1)
Marianne Moore
Down, Wanton, Down!	502	(1)
Robert Craves
Looking Up at Leaves	502	(1)
Barbara Howes
Batter my heart, three-personed God, for You	503	(1)
John Define
The Value of a Dictionary	504	(4)
Aftermath	505	(2)
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Friend, on this scaffold Thomas More lies dead	507	(1)
J. V. Cunningham
Advice to a Friend Who Paints	507	(1)
Kelly Cherry
Grass	507	(1)
Carl Sandburg
Word Choice and Word Order	508	(7)
Reason	510	(2)
Josephine Miles
Blandeur	512	(1)
Kay Ryan
The Ruined Maid	513	(1)
Thomas Hardy
The Fury of Aerial Bombardment	514	(1)
Richard Eberhart
Lonely Hearts	514	(1)
Wendy Cope
For Review and Further Study	515	(5)
anyone lived in a pretty how town	515	(1)
E. E. Cummings
Upon Julia's Clothes	516	(1)
Robert Herrick
Anonymous, Carnation Milk	517	(1)
My heart leaps up when I behold	517	(1)
William Wordsworth
Mutability	518	(1)
William Wordsworth
Jabberwocky	518	(2)
Lewis Carroll
Writer's Perspective
Lewis Carroll on Writing, Humpty Dumpty Explicates ``Jabberwocky''	520	(1)
Writing Critically
How Much Difference Does a Word Make?	521	(1)
Writing Assignment	522	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing	522	(1)
Saying and Suggesting	523	(12)
Cargoes	524	(1)
John Masefield
London	525	(2)
William Blake
Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock	527	(1)
Wallace Stevens
The Bean Eaters	528	(1)
Gwendolyn Brooks
Epitaph	528	(1)
Timothy Steele
The Listeners	528	(2)
Walter de la Mare
Fire and Ice	530	(1)
Robert Frost
Tears, Idle Tears	530	(1)
Alfred
Lord Tennyson
Love Calls Us to the Things of This World	531	(1)
Richard Wilbur
Writer's Perspective
Richard Wilbur on Writing, Concerning ``Love Calls Us to the Things of This World''	532	(1)
Writing Critically
The Ways a Poem Suggests	533	(1)
Writing Assignment	534	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing	534	(1)
Imagery	535	(21)
In a Station of the Metro	535	(1)
Ezra Pound
The piercing chill I Feel	535	(2)
Taniguchi Buson
The winter evening settles down	537	(1)
T. S. Eliot
Root Cellar	537	(1)
Theodore Roethke
The Fish	538	(2)
Elizabeth Bishop
Fork	540	(1)
Charles Simic
A Route of Evanescence	540	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Reapers	541	(1)
Jean Toomer
Pied Beauty	541	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
About Haiku	542	(2)
The Falling Flower	542	(1)
Arakida Moritake
Heat-lightning streak	543	(1)
Matsuo Basho
On the one-ton temple bell	543	(1)
Taniguchi Buson
Only one guy	543	(1)
Kobayashi Issa
A Selection of Haiku	544	(1)
Gary Snyder
Etheridge Knight
Penny Harter
Jennifer Brutschy
Richard Wright
Hayden Carruth
John Ridland
Adelle Foley
For Review and Further Study	544	(4)
Bright star! would I were steadfast as thou art	544	(1)
John Keats
The Runner	545	(1)
Walt Whitman
Image	545	(1)
T. E. Hulme
Tired Sex	545	(1)
Chana Bloch
Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter	546	(1)
Robert Bly
Mid-August at Sourdough Mountain Lookout	546	(1)
Gary Snyder
Heat	546	(1)
H.D.
Embrace	547	(1)
Billy Collins
Not Waving but Drowning	547	(1)
Stevie Smith
Writer's Perspective
Ezra Pound on Writing, The Image	548	(1)
Writing Critically
Analyzing Images	549	(1)
Writing Assignment	550	(1)
Student Essay
Elizabeth Bishop's Use of Imagery in ``The Fish''	550	(5)
Further Suggestions for Writing	555	(1)
Figures of Speech	556	(18)
Why Speak Figuratively?	556	(3)
The Eagle	557	(1)
Alfred
Lord Tennyson
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?	557	(1)
William Shakespeare
Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?	558	(1)
Howard Moss
Metaphor and Simile	559	(4)
My Life had stood - a Loaded Gun	560	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Flower in the Crannied Wall	561	(1)
Alfred
Lord Tennyson
To see a world in a grain of sand	561	(1)
William Blake
Metaphors	562	(1)
Sylvia Plath
Simile	562	(1)
N. Scott Momaday
Other Figures	563	(5)
The Wind	564	(2)
James Stephens
Elegy, Written with His Own Hand in the Tower Before His Execution	566	(1)
Chidiock Tichborne
You fit into me	567	(1)
Margaret Atwood
The Cathedral Is	567	(1)
John Ashberry
For Review and Further Study	568	(3)
The Silken Tent	568	(1)
Robert Frost
Leaving Forever	568	(1)
Denise Levertov
The Suitor	569	(1)
Jane Kenyon
The Secret Sits	569	(1)
Robert Frost
The Pool	569	(1)
H. D.
Coward	570	(1)
A. R. Ammons
Oh, my love is like a red, red rose	570	(1)
Robert Burns
Writer's Perspective
Robert Frost on Writing, The Importance of Poetic Metaphor	571	(1)
Writing Critically
How Metaphors Enlarge a Poem's Meaning	572	(1)
Writing Assignment	572	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing	573	(1)
Song	574	(19)
Singing and Saying	574	(8)
To Celia	575	(1)
Ben Jonson
Anonymous, The Cruel Mother	576	(2)
from Peter Piper	578	(1)
Run D.M.C.
Take, O, take those lips away	579	(1)
William Shakespeare
Richard Cory	580	(1)
Edwin Arlington Robinson
Richard Cory	581	(1)
Paul Simon
Ballads	582	(4)
Anonymous, Bonny Barbara Allan	582	(3)
Ballad of Birmingham	585	(1)
Dudley Randall
Blues	586	(2)
Jailhouse Blues	587	(1)
Bessie Smith
Clarence Williams
Funeral Blues	587	(1)
W. H. Auden
For Review and Further Study	588	(3)
Eleanor Rigby	588	(1)
John Lennon
Paul McCartney
The Times They are a-Changing	589	(2)
Bob Dylan
Writer's Perspective
Paul McCartney on Writing, Creating ``Eleanor Rigby''	591	(1)
Writing Critically
Is There a Difference Between Poetry and Song?	592	(1)
Writing Assignment	592	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing	592	(1)
Sound	593	(19)
Sound as Meaning	593	(5)
True Ease in Writing comes from Art, not Chance	594	(2)
Alexander Pope
Who Goes With Fergus?	596	(1)
William Butler Yeats
Recital	597	(1)
John Updike
The Watch	597	(1)
Frances Cornford
A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal	597	(1)
William Wordsworth
Alliteration and Assonance	598	(2)
Eight O'Clock	599	(1)
A. E. Housman
Upon Julia's Voice	599	(1)
Robert Herrick
The splendor falls on castle walls	600	(1)
Alfred
Lord Tennyson
Rime	600	(6)
On my Boat on Lake Cayuga	601	(2)
William Cole
The Hippopotamus	603	(1)
Hilaire Belloc
God's Grandeur	604	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
Narcissus and Echo	604	(1)
Fred Chappell
Desert Places	605	(1)
Robert Frost
Reading and Hearing Poems Aloud	606	(3)
In Memoriam John Coltrane	607	(1)
Michael Stillman
Full fathom five thy father lies	607	(1)
William Shakespeare
Lai with Sounds of Skin	608	(1)
Chryss Yost
Virginia	608	(1)
T. S. Eliot
Writer's Perspective
T. S. Eliot on Writing, The Music of Poetry	609	(1)
Writing Critically
Is it Possible to Write about Sound?	610	(1)
Writing Assignment	611	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing	611	(1)
Rhythm	612	(19)
Stresses and Pauses	612	(7)
We Real Cool	616	(1)
Gwendolyn Brooks
Break, Break, Break	617	(1)
Alfred
Lord Tennyson
Slow, slow, fresh fount, keep time with my salt tears	617	(1)
Bell Jonson
With serving still	618	(1)
Sir Thomas Wyatt
Resume	619	(1)
Dorothy Parker
Meter	619	(9)
On the imprint of the first English edition of The Works of Max Beerbohm	619	(5)
Max Beerbohm
Counting-out Rhyme	624	(1)
Edna St. Vincent Millay
When I was one-and-twenty	625	(1)
A. E. Housman
The Descent of Winter	625	(1)
William Carlos Williams
Beat! Beat! Drums!	626	(1)
Walt Whitman
Song of the Powers	627	(1)
David Mason
Writer's Perspective
Gwendolyn Brooks on Writing, Hearing ``We Real Cool''	628	(1)
Writing Critically
Freeze-Framing the Sound	629	(1)
Writing Assignment	629	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing	630	(1)
Closed Form	631	(19)
Formal Patterns	632	(5)
This living hand, now warm and capable	633	(2)
John Keats
Counting the Beats	635	(1)
Robert Graves
Song ``(Go and catch a falling star'')	636	(1)
John Donne
The Sonnet	637	(4)
Let me not to the Marriage of true minds	638	(1)
William Shakespeare
What lips my lips have kissed, And where, and why	638	(1)
Edna St. Vincent Millay
Acquainted with the Night	639	(1)
Robert Frost
First Poem for You	640	(1)
Kim Addonizio
Scenes from the Playroom	640	(1)
R. S. Gwynn
The Epigram	641	(2)
A Selection Of Epigrams	641	(2)
Alexander Pope
Sir John Harrington
E. E. Cummings
Langston Hughes
J. V. Cunningham
Stevie Smith
Anonymous
Hilaire Belloc
Wendy Cope
Other Forms	643	(4)
ABC	643	(1)
Robert Pinsky
Do not go gentle into that good night	644	(1)
Dylan Thomas
Triolet	644	(1)
Robert Bridges
Sestina	645	(2)
Elizabeth Bishop
Writer's Perspective
Robert Graves on Writing, Poetic Inspiration and Poetic Form	647	(1)
Writing Critically
Turning Points	648	(1)
Writing Assignment	648	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing	649	(1)
Open Form	650	(17)
Six Variations (Part III)	650	(4)
Demise Levertov
Buffalo Bill's	654	(1)
E. E. Cummings
For the Anniversary of My Death	654	(1)
W.S. Merwin
The Heart	655	(1)
Stephen Crane
Cavalry Crossing a Ford	655	(1)
Walt Whitman
Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird	656	(2)
Wallace Stevens
The Colonel	658	(1)
Carolyn Forche
Visual Poetry	659	(3)
Easter Wings	659	(1)
George Herbert
Swan and Shadow	660	(2)
John Hollander
Concrete Cat	662	(1)
Dorthi Charles
Seeing the Logic of Open Form Verse	662	(3)
in Just	662	(1)
E. E. Cummings
Jump Cabling	663	(1)
Linda Pastan
Homage to my hips	663	(1)
Lucille Clinton
I Shall Paint My Nails Red	664	(1)
Carole Satyamurti
Writer's Perspective
Walt Whitman on Writing, The Poetry of the Future	665	(1)
Writing Critically
Lining Up for Free Verse	665	(1)
Writing Assignment	666	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing	666	(1)
Symbol	667	(32)
The Boston Evening Transcript	668	(1)
T. S. Eliot
The Lightning is a yellow Fork	669	(2)
Emily Dickinson
Neutral Tones	671	(1)
Thomas Hardy
The Parable of the Good Seed	672	(1)
Matthew
Redemption	673	(1)
George Herbert
The Road Not Taken	674	(1)
Robert Frost
Uphill	674	(1)
Christina Rossetti
For Review and Further Study	675	(4)
The Beaks of Eagles	675	(1)
Robinson Jeffers
The Flight	676	(1)
Sara Teasdale
Poem (``As the Cat'')	677	(1)
William Carlos Williams
Carrie	677	(1)
Ted Kooser
Popcorn-can cover	678	(1)
Lorine Niedecker
Anecdote of the Jar	678	(1)
Wallace Stevens
Writer's Perspective
William Butler Yeats On Writing, Poetic Symbols	679	(1)
Writing Critically
How to Read a Symbol	680	(1)
Writing Assignment	680	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing	681	(5)
Myth and Narrative set
Nothing Gold Can Stay	684	(1)
Robert Frost
The Oxen	684	(1)
Thomas Hardy
The World Is Too Much with Us	685	(1)
William Wordsworth
Helen	686	(1)
H.D.
Archetype	686	(2)
Medusa	687	(1)
Louise Bogan
Personal Myth	688	(3)
The Second Coming	688	(2)
William Butler Yeats
Memento Mori in Middle School	690	(1)
Diane Thiel
Myth and Popular Culture	691	(5)
Cinderella	692	(4)
Anne Sexton
Writer's Perspective
Anne Sexton on Writing, Transforming Fairy Tales	696	(1)
Writing Critically
Demystifying Myth	697	(1)
Writing Assignment	698	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing	698	(1)
Poetry and Personal Identity	699	(19)
Lady Lazarus	700	(3)
Sylvia Plath
The women on my mother's side were known	703	(1)
Julia Alvarez
Culture, Race, and Ethnicity	704	(6)
America	704	(1)
Claude McKay
Bilingual/Bilingue	705	(2)
Rhina P. Espaillat
The Shrine Whose Shape I Am	707	(1)
Samuel Menashe
The X in My Name	707	(1)
Francisco X. Alarcon
For the White Poets Who Would Be Indian	708	(1)
Wendy Rose
Facing It	709	(1)
Yusef Komunyakaa
Gender	710	(3)
Sous-Entendu	710	(1)
Anne Stevenson
Listening	711	(1)
Emily Grosholz
Men at Forty	712	(1)
Donald Justice
Women	712	(1)
Adrienne Rich
For Review and Further Study	713	(2)
To Li Po	713	(1)
Shirley Geok-lin Lim
Elegy for My Father, Who Is Not Dead	713	(1)
Andrew Hudgins
Quinceanera	714	(1)
Judith Ortiz Cofer
Writer's Perspective
Julia Alvarez on Writing, Discovering My Voice in English	715	(1)
Writing Critically
Poetic Voice and Personal Identity	716	(1)
Writing Assignment	717	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing	717	(1)
Recognizing Excellence	718	(20)
Anonymous, O Moon, when I gaze on thy beautiful face	720	(1)
Life	720	(1)
Grace Treasone
A Dying Tiger - moaned for Drink	721	(2)
Emily Dickinson
Thoughts on Capital Punishment	723	(1)
Rod McKuen
Traveling Through the Dark	724	(1)
William Stafford
Recognizing Excellence	725	(10)
Sailing to Byzantium	725	(3)
William Butler Yeats
On the Vanity of Earthly Greatness	728	(1)
Arthur Guiterman
Ozymandias	728	(1)
Percy Bysshe Shelley
My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun	729	(1)
William Shakespeare
The Whipping	730	(1)
Robert Hayden
One Art	731	(2)
Elizabeth Bishop
The New Colossus	733	(1)
Emma Lazarus
Annabel Lee	733	(2)
Edgar Allan Poe
Writer's Perspective
Edgar Allan Poe on Writing, A Long Poem Does Not Exist	735	(1)
Writing Critically
How to Begin Evaluating a Poem	735	(1)
Writing Assignment	736	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing	737	(1)
What Is Poetry?	738	(3)
Some Definitions of Poetry	738	(2)
Dante
Samuel Johnson
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
William Wordsworth
Thomas Hardy
Robert Frost
Wallace Stevens
Mina Loy
T. S. Eliot
W. H. Auden
Elizabeth Bishop
Octavio Pat
William Stafford
Gwendolyn Brooks
Missed Time	740	(1)
Ha Jin
Two Critical Casebooks: Emily Dickinson and Langston Hughes	741	(37)
Emily Dickinson	741	(1)
Poems
Success is counted sweetest	742	(1)
Water, is taught by thirst	742	(1)
I taste a liquor never brewed	743	(1)
Wild Nights - Wild Nights!	743	(1)
I felt a Funeral, in my Brain	743	(1)
I'm Nobody! Who are you?	744	(1)
The Soul selects her own Society	744	(1)
After great pain, a formal feeling comes	744	(1)
This is my letter to the World	745	(1)
I heard a Fly buzz - when I died	745	(1)
Because I could not stop for Death	746	(1)
Some keep the Sabbath going to Church	746	(1)
The bustle in a House	747	(1)
Tell all the Truth but tell it slant	747	(1)
Emily Dickinson on Emily Dickinson
Recognizing Poetry	747	(1)
Self-Description	748	(1)
Critics on Emily Dickinson
Meeting Emily Dickinson	749	(2)
Thomas Wentworth Higginson
The Discovery of Emily Dickinson's Manuscripts	751	(2)
Thomas H. Johnson
The Three Privations of Emily Dickinson	753	(1)
Richard Wilbur
Dickinson and Death (A Reading of ``Because I could not stop for Death'')	754	(2)
Cynthia Griffin Wolff
A Reading of ``My Life had stood - A Loaded Gun''	756	(2)
Judith Farr
Langston Hughes	758	(1)
Poems
The Negro Speaks of Rivers	759	(1)
Mother to Son	759	(1)
Dream Variations	760	(1)
Lenox Avenue: Midnight	760	(1)
The Weary Blues	760	(1)
I, Too	761	(1)
Song for a Dark Girl	762	(1)
Ballad of the Landlord	762	(1)
Island	763	(1)
Subway Rush Hour	764	(1)
Harlem [Dream Deferred]	764	(1)
Theme for English B	764	(1)
Homecoming	765	(1)
End	766	(1)
Langston Hughes on Langston Hughes
The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain	766	(1)
The Harlem Renaissance	767	(2)
Critics on Langston Hughes
Hughes as an Experimentalist	769	(1)
Arnold Rampersad
Langston Hughes and Harlem	770	(2)
Rita Dove
Marilyn Nelson
Black Identity in Langston Hughes	772	(1)
Darryl Pinckney
Langston Hughes and Jazz	773	(2)
Peter Townsend
A Reading of ``Dream Deferred''	775	(2)
Onwuchekwa Jemie
For Further Reading	777	(1)
Suggestions for Writing	777	(1)
Poems for Further Reading	778	(87)
Anonymous, Edward	779	(1)
Anonymous, Western Wind	780	(1)
Anonymous, Last Words of the Prophet (Navajo mountain chant)	780	(1)
Dover Beach	781	(1)
Matthew Arnold
At North Farm	782	(1)
John Ashbery
Siren Song	783	(1)
Margaret Atwood
As I Walked Out One Evening	784	(2)
W. H. Auden
Musee des Beaux Arts	786	(1)
W. H. Auden
The Tyger	787	(1)
William Blake
The Mother	788	(1)
Gwendolyn Brooks
How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Ways	789	(1)
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister	790	(2)
Robert Browning
Kubla Khan	792	(1)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
somewhere I have never travelled, gladly beyond	793	(1)
E. E. Cummings
Death be not proud	794	(1)
John Donne
The Flea	795	(1)
John Donne
Daystar	795	(1)
Rita Dove
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock	796	(5)
T. S. Eliot
Indian Boarding School: The Runaways	801	(1)
Louise Erdrich
Birches	801	(2)
Robert Frost
Mending Wall	803	(1)
Robert Frost
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening	804	(1)
Robert Frost
A Supermarket in California	805	(1)
Allen Ginsberg
California Hills in August	806	(1)
Dana Gioia
The Man with Night Sweats	807	(1)
Thom Gunn
The Convergence of the Twain	807	(2)
Thomas Hardy
Those Winter Sundays	809	(1)
Robert Hayden
Digging	810	(1)
Seamus Heaney
Love	811	(1)
George Herbert
To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time	812	(1)
Robert Herrick
Spring and Fall	813	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
The Windhover	814	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
Loveliest of trees, the cherry now	815	(1)
A. E. Housman
To an Athlete Dying Young	815	(1)
A. E. Housman
The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner	816	(1)
Randall Jarred
To the Stone-cutters	817	(1)
Robinson Jeffers
On My First Son	817	(1)
Ben Jonson
On the Death of Friends in Childhood	818	(1)
Donald Justice
Ode on a Grecian Urn	818	(1)
John Keats
On First Looking into Chapman's Homer	819	(1)
John Keats
When I have fears that I may cease to be	820	(1)
John Keats
Poetry of Departures	821	(1)
Philip Larkin
The Bull Calf	822	(1)
Irving Layton
Animals are Passing from Our Lives	823	(1)
Philip Levine
My Father's Martial Art	824	(1)
Stephen Shu-ning Liu
Skunk Hour	825	(1)
Robert Lowell
To His Coy Mistress	826	(2)
Andrew Marvell
When I consider how my light is spent	828	(1)
John Milton
Poetry	828	(2)
Marianne Moore
A Strange Beautiful Woman	830	(1)
Marilyn Nelson
A Selection of Hokku	830	(1)
Yone Noguchi
The One Girl at the Boys' Party	831	(1)
Sharon Olds
Anthem for Doomed Youth	832	(1)
Wilfred Owen
Ethics	832	(1)
Linda Pastan
Con Los Ojos Cerrados	833	(1)
Octavio Paz
With Our Eyes Shut	833	(1)
Octavio Paz
John Felstiner
Daddy	834	(3)
Sylvia Plath
To Helen	837	(1)
Edgar Allan Poe
A little Learning is a dang'rous Thing	837	(1)
Alexander Pope
The River-Merchant's Wife: a Letter	838	(1)
Ezra Pound
Naming of Parts	839	(1)
Henry Reed
Living in Sin	840	(1)
Adrienne Rich
Miniver Cheevy	841	(1)
Edwin Arlington Robinson
Elegy for Jane	842	(1)
Theodore Roethke
Not marble nor the gilded monuments	843	(1)
William Shakespeare
That time of year thou mayst in me behold	844	(1)
William Shakespeare
When, in disgrace with Fortune and men's eyes	844	(1)
William Shakespeare
Butcher Shop	845	(1)
Charles Simic
American Poetry	846	(1)
Louis Simpson
Titanic	846	(1)
David R. Slavitt
Stamp Collecting	846	(2)
Cathy Song
The Emperor of Ice-Cream	848	(1)
Wallace Stevens
Ulysses	849	(2)
Alfred
Lord Tennyson
Fern Hill	851	(1)
Dylan Thomas
Ex-Basketball Player	852	(1)
John Updike
The Virgins	853	(1)
Derek Walcott
Go, Lovely Rose	854	(1)
Edmund Waller
A Noiseless Patient Spider	855	(1)
Walt Whitman
I Saw in Louisiana a Live-Oak Growing	856	(1)
Walt Whitman
The Writer	856	(1)
Richard Wilbur
Spring and All	857	(2)
William Carlos Williams
To Waken an Old Lady	859	(1)
William Carlos Williams
Composed upon Westminster Bridge	859	(1)
William Wordsworth
Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio	860	(1)
James Wright
In this strange labyrinth	861	(1)
Mary Sidney Wroth
They flee from me that sometime did me seke	862	(1)
Sir Thomas Wyatt
Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop	863	(1)
William Butler Yeats
Led and the Swan	864	(1)
William Butler Yeats
When You Are Old	864	(1)
William Butler Yeats
Drama	865	(490)
Reading a Play	867	(38)
A Play in Its Elements	869	(15)
Trifles	869	(15)
Susan Glaspell
Tragedy and Comedy	884	(13)
Sure Thing	887	(10)
David Ives
Writer's Perspective
Susan Glaspell on Drama, Creating Trifles	897	(1)
Writing Critically
Conflict Resolution	898	(1)
Writing Assignment	899	(1)
Student Essay
Outside Trifles	899	(5)
Further Suggestions for Writing	904	(1)
Critical Casebook: Sophocles	905	(57)
The Theater of Sophocles	905	(1)
Staging	905	(4)
The Civic Role of Creek Drama	909	(1)
Aristotle's Concept of Tragedy	910	(2)
Sophocles	912	(1)
Play
The Origins of Oedipus the King	912	(42)
Oedipus the King	913	(41)
Sophocles
Dudley Fitts
Robert Fitzgerald
Robert Fitzgerald on Sophocles
Translating Sophocles	954	(1)
Robert Fitzgerald
Critics on Sophocles
Defining Tragedy	955	(2)
Aristotle
The Destiny of Oedipus	957	(1)
Sigmund Freud
On Misunderstanding Oedipus	958	(1)
E. R. Dodds
The Irony of Sophocles	959	(1)
A. E. Haigh
Writing Critically
Some Things Change, Some Things Don't	960	(1)
Writing Assignment	961	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing	961	(1)
Critical Casebook: Shakespeare	962	(107)
The Theater of Shakespeare	962	(2)
William Shakespeare	964	(1)
Play
A Note on Othello	964	(100)
Othello, The Moor of Venice	965	(99)
William Shakespeare
Ben Jonson on Shakespeare
On His Friend and Rival William Shakespeare	1064	(1)
Ben Jonson
Critics on Shakespeare
Iago as a Triumphant Villain	1065	(1)
W. H. Auden
Lucifer in Shakespeare's Othello	1065	(1)
Maud Bodkin
Black and White in Othello	1066	(1)
Virginia Mason Vaughan
An Asian Culture Looks at Shakespeare	1066	(1)
Anthony Burgess
Writing Critically
Breaking the Language Barrier	1067	(1)
Writing Assignment	1068	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing	1068	(1)
The Modern Theater	1069	(84)
Realism and Naturalism	1069	(60)
A Doll's House	1072	(57)
Henrik Ibsen
James McFarlane
Writer's Perspective
George Bernard Shaw on Drama, Ibsen and the Familiar Situation	1129	(1)
Tragicomedy and the Absurd	1130	(17)
The Cuban Swimmer	1133	(14)
Milcha Sanchez-Scott
Writer's Perspective
Milcha Sanchez-Scott on Drama, Writing The Cuban Swimmer	1147	(1)
Writing Critically
What's So Realistic About Realism?	1148	(1)
Writing Assignment	1148	(1)
Student Essay
Helmer vs. Helmer	1149	(3)
Further Suggestions for Writing	1152	(1)
Evaluating a Play	1153	(4)
Writing Critically
Critical Performance	1154	(1)
Writing Assignment	1155	(1)
Further Suggestions for Writing	1115	(42)
Plays for Further Reading	1157	(198)
The Sound of a Voice	1158	(14)
David Henry Hwang
Writer's Perspective
David Henry Hwang on Drama, Multicultural Theater	1172	(1)
Andre's Mother	1173	(3)
Terrence McNally
Writer's Perspective
Terrence McNally on Drama, How To Write a Play	1176	(1)
Death of a Salesman	1177	(71)
Arthur Miller
Writer's Perspective
Arthur Miller on Drama, Tragedy and the Common Man	1248	(3)
The Glass Menagerie	1251	(49)
Tennessee Williams
Writer's Perspective
Tennessee Williams on Drama, How to Stage The Glass Menagerie	1300	(2)
Joe Turner's Come and Gone	1302	(50)
August Wilson
Writer's Perspective
August Wilson on Drama, Black Experience in America	1352	(3)
Writing	1355	(108)
Writing About Literature	1357	(24)
Beginning	1357	(2)
Discovering and Planning	1359	(2)
Drafting and Revising	1361	(3)
The Form of Your Finished Paper	1364	(1)
Using Spell-Check Programs	1365	(1)
Anonymous, A Little Poem Regarding Computer Spell Checkers	1365	(1)
Plagiarism	1366	(1)
Documenting Your Sources	1366	(7)
Reference Guide for Citations	1373	(7)
Keeping a Journal	1380	(1)
Writing About a Story	1381	(17)
Explicating	1381	(5)
Sample Student Essay (Explication)	1382	(4)
Analyzing	1386	(7)
Sample Student Essay (Analysis)	1387	(4)
Sample Student Card Report	1391	(2)
Comparing and Contrasting	1393	(2)
Suggestions for Writing	1395	(3)
Writing About a Poem	1398	(19)
Explicating	1399	(6)
Design	1400	(1)
Robert Frost
Sample Student Essay (Explication)	1400	(5)
Analyzing	1405	(3)
Sample Student Essay (Analysis)	1406	(2)
Comparing and Contrasting	1408	(3)
Wing-Spread	1408	(1)
Abbie Huston Evans
Sample Student Essay (Comparison)	1409	(2)
How to Quote a Poem	1411	(3)
Suggestions for Writing	1414	(3)
In White (early draft of ``Design'')	1415	(2)
Robert Frost
Writing About a Play	1417	(9)
Methods	1417	(2)
How to Quote a Play	1419	(1)
Reviewing a Play	1420	(3)
Sample Student Drama Review	1421	(2)
Suggestions for Writing	1423	(3)
Critical Approaches to Literature	1426	(37)
Formalist Criticism	1427	(3)
The Formalist Critic	1427	(1)
Cleanth Brooks
Light and Darkness in ``Sonny's Blues''	1428	(2)
Michael Clark
Biographical Criticism	1430	(3)
The Relationship of Poet and Poem	1431	(1)
Leslie Fielder
On Elizabeth Bishop's ``One Art''	1432	(1)
Brett C. Millier
Historical Criticism	1433	(3)
Imagism	1434	(1)
Hugh Kenner
``To His Coy Mistress'' and the Renaissance Tradition	1435	(1)
Joseph Moldenhauer
Psychological Criticism	1436	(4)
The Nature of Dreams	1437	(1)
Sigmund Freud
The Father-Figure in ``The Tell-Tale Heart''	1438	(2)
Daniel Hoffman
Mythological Criticism	1440	(4)
The Collective Unconscious and Archetypes	1441	(1)
Cart G. Jung
Myth in Faulkner's ``Barn Burning''	1442	(2)
Edmond Volpe
Sociological Criticism	1444	(3)
Content Determines Form	1444	(1)
Georg Lukacs
Money and Labor in ``The Rocking-Horse Winner''	1445	(2)
Daniel P. Watkins
Gender Criticism	1447	(3)
Toward a Feminist Poetics	1447	(1)
Elaine Showalter
Gender and Pathology in ``The Yellow Wallpaper''	1448	(2)
Juliann Fleenor
Reader-Response Criticism	1450	(3)
An Eskimo ``A Rose for Emily''	1450	(1)
Stanley Fish
``How Do We Make a Poem?''	1451	(2)
Robert Scholes
Deconstructionist Criticism	1453	(4)
Rigorous Unreliability	1454	(1)
Barbara Johnson
On Wordsworth's ``A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal''	1455	(2)
Geoffrey Hartman
Cultural Studies	1457	(6)
Poststructuralist Cultural Critique	1459	(1)
Vincent B. Leitch
What is Cultural Studies?	1460	(3)
Mark Bauerlein
Glossary of Literary Terms	1463	(34)
Acknowledgments	1497	(12)
Index of First Lines of Poetry	1509	(4)
Index of Authors and Titles	1513	(14)
To the Student	1527	(2)
Index of Literary Terms	1529