Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing, Compact Edition

by Kennedy, X. J.; Gioia, Dana

• ISBN13: 9780321475770
• ISBN10: 0321475771
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

The concise version of the discipline's most popular introductory anthology, Kennedy/Gioiars"sLiterature, Compact Edition continues to inspire students with engaging insights on reading and writing about stories, poems, and plays. Poets in their own right, editors X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia bring personal warmth and a human perspective to this compact, paperback anthology. Organized into three genresLiterature,Compact Edition presents readable discussions of the literary devices, illustrated by apt works, supported by useful writing tips, and followed by (now) six full chapters devoted to writing. A broad scope of traditional and contemporary works is provided, most headed by author images and richly detailed biographical notes and some followed by author commentary. While maintaining the characteristics of its previous editions-accessible apparatus, expansive author representation-this Compact, Fifth Edition has been re-imagined to include new casebooks, a lively new design, and more writing coverage than ever before.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxxix
To the Instructor	xliii
About the Authors	lv
FICTION
1 Reading a Story	3	(20)
Fable, Parable, and Tale	4	(9)
W. Somerset Maugham
THE APPOINTMENT IN SAMARRA	4	(1)
A servant tries to gallop away from Death in this brief sardonic fable retold in memorable form by a popular storyteller.
Aesop
THE NORTH WIND AND THE SUN	5	(1)
The North Wind and the Sun argue who is stronger and decide to try their powers on an unsuspecting traveler.
Bidpai
THE CAMEL AND HIS FRIENDS	6	(1)
With friends like these, you can guess what the camel doesn't need.
Chuang Tzu
INDEPENDENCE	8	(1)
The Prince of Ch'u asks the philosopher Chuang Tzu to become his advisor and gets a surprising reply in this classic Chinese fable.
Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm
GODFATHER DEATH	9	(1)
Neither God nor the Devil came to the christening.
In this stark folktale, a young man receives magical powers with a string attached.
Plot
The Short Story	13	(7)
John Updike
A&P	14	(1)
In walk three girls in nothing but bathing suits, and Sammy finds himself no longer an aproned checkout clerk but an armored knight.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
John Updike
WHY WRITE?	20	(1)
WRITING ABOUT PLOT
Paying Attention to Plot	20	(1)
CHECKLIST
Analyzing Plot	21	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON PLOT	22	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	22	(1)
2 Point of View	23	(51)
William Faulkner
A ROSE FOR EMILY	28	(7)
Proud, imperious Emily Grierson defied the town from the fortress of her mansion.
Who could have guessed the secret that lay within?
Anne Tyler
TEENAGE WASTELAND	35	(8)
With her troubled son, his teachers, and a peculiar tutor all giving her their own versions of what's going on with him, what's a mother to do?
James Baldwin
SONNY'S BLUES	43	(21)
Two brothers in Harlem see life differently.
The older brother is the sensible family man, but Sonny wants to be a jazz musician.
Alice Walker
EVERYDAY USE	64	(7)
When successful Dee visits from the city, she has changed her name to reflect her African roots.
Her mother and sister notice other things have changed, too.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
James Baldwin
RACE AND THE AFRICAN AMERICAN WRITER	71	(1)
WRITING ABOUT POINT OF VIEW
How Point of View Shapes a Story	72	(1)
CHECKLIST
Understanding Point of View	72	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON POINT OF VIEW	72	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	73	(1)
3 Character	74	(39)
Katherine Anne Porter
THE JILTING OF GRANNY WEATHERALL	77	(7)
For sixty years Ellen Weatherall has fought back the memory of that terrible day, but now once more the priest waits in the house.
Katherine Mansfield
MISS BRILL	84	(3)
Sundays had long brought joy to solitary Miss Brill, until one fateful day when she happened to share a bench with two lovers in the park.
Tobias Wolff
THE RICH BROTHER	87	(12)
Blood may be thicker than water, but sometimes the tension between brothers is thicker than blood.
Raymond Carver
CATHEDRAL	99	(11)
He had never expected to find himself trying to describe a cathedral to a blind man.
He hadn't even wanted to meet this odd, old friend of his wife.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Raymond Carver
COMMONPLACE BUT PRECISE LANGUAGE	110	(1)
WRITING ABOUT CHARACTER
How Character Creates Action	111	(1)
CHECKLIST
Writing About Character	111	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON CHARACTER	111	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	112	(1)
4 Setting	113	(31)
Kate Chopin
THE STORM	116	(4)
Even with her husband away, Calixta feels happily, securely married.
Why then should she not shelter an old admirer from the rain?
T. Coraghessan Boyle
GREASY LAKE	120	(7)
Murky and strewn with beer cans, the lake appears a wasteland.
On its shore three "dangerous characters" learn a lesson one grim night.
Amy Tan
A PAIR OF TICKETS	127	(14)
A young woman flies with her father to China to meet two half sisters she never knew existed.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Amy Tan
SETTING THE VOICE	141	(1)
WRITING ABOUT SETTING
The Importance of Setting	142	(1)
CHECKLIST
Analyzing Setting	142	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON SETTING	142	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	143	(1)
5 Tone and Style	144	(36)
Ernest Hemingway
A CLEAN, WELL-LIGHTED PLACE	147	(4)
All by himself each night, the old moot lingers in the bright café.
What does he need more than brandy?
William Faulkner
BARN BURNING	151	(12)
This time when Ab Snopes wields his blazing torch, his son Sarty faces a dilemma: whether to obey or defy the vengeful old man.
Irony	163	(14)
O. Henry
THE GIFT OF THE MAGI	165	(1)
A young husband and wife find ingenious ways to buy each other Christmas presents, in the classic story that defines the word "irony."
Ha Jin
SABOTEUR	169	(1)
When the police unfairly arrest Mr. Chiu, he hopes for justice.
After witnessing their brutality, he quietly plans revenge.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Ernest Hemingway	177	(1)
WRITING ABOUT TONE AND STYLE
Be Style-Conscious	177	(1)
CHECKLIST
Thinking About Tone and Style	178	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON TONE AND STYLE	178	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	179	(1)
6 Theme	180	(26)
Chinua Achebe
DEAD MEN'S PATH	182	(3)
The new headmaster of the village school was determined to fight superstition, but the villagers did agree.
Alice Munro
HOW I MET MY HUSBAND	185	(12)
When Edie meets the carnival pilot, her life gets more complicated than she expects.
Luke 15:11-32
THE PARABLE OF THE PRODIGAL SON	197	(1)
A father has two sons.
One demands his inheritance now and leaves to spend it with ruinous results.
Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.
HARRISON BERGERON	198	(5)
Are you handsome?
Off with your eyebrows!
Are you brainy?
Let a transmitter sound thought-shattering beeps inside your ear.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.
THE THEMES OF SCIENCE FICTION	203	(1)
WRITING ABOUT THEME
Stating the Theme	204	(1)
CHECKLIST
Determining a Story's Theme	205	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON THEME	205	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	205	(1)
7 Symbol	206	(31)
John Steinbeck
THE CHRYSANTHEMUMS	208	(8)
Fenced-in Elisa feels emotionally starved—then her life promises to blossom with the arrival of the scissors-grinding man.
Shirley Jackson
THE LOTTERY	216	(6)
Splintered and faded, the sinister black box had worked its annual terror for longer than anyone in town could remember.
Elizabeth Tallent
NO ONE'S A MYSTERY	222	(3)
A two-page story speaks volumes about an open-hearted girl and her married lover.
Ursula K. Le Guin
THE ONES WHO WALK AWAY FROM OMELAS	225	(5)
Omelas is the perfect city.
All of its inhabitants are happy.
But everyone's prosperity depends on a hidden evil.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Shirley Jackson
BIOGRAPHY OF A STORY	230	(2)
WRITING ABOUT SYMBOLS
Recognizing Symbols	232	(1)
CHECKLIST
Thinking About Symbols	233	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON SYMBOLS	233	(3)
Student Paper
AN ANALYSIS OF THE SYMBOLISM IN STEINBECK'S "THE CHRYSANTHEMUMS"	233	(3)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	236	(1)
8 Critical Casebook: Flannery O'Connor	237	(41)
Flannery O'Connor
A GOOD MAN IS HARD TO FIND	238	(10)
Wanted: The Misfit, a cold-blooded killer.
An ordinary family vacation leads to horror—and one moment of redeeming grace.
Flannery O'Connor
REVELATION	248	(15)
Mrs. Turpin thinks herself Jesus' favorite child, until she meets a troubled college girl.
Soon violence flares in a doctor's waiting room.
Flannery O'Connor ON Writing
FROM "ON HER OWN WORK"	263	(2)
ON HER CATHOLIC FAITH	265	(1)
FROM "THE GROTESQUE IN SOUTHERN FICTION"	266	(1)
Critics ON Flannery O'Connor
Robert H. Brinkmeyer, Jr.
FLANNERY O'CONNOR AND HER READERS	267	(3)
J.O. Tate
A GOOD SOURCE IS NOT SO HARD TO FIND: THE REAL LIFE MISFIT	270	(2)
Mary Jane Schenck
DECONSTRUCTING "A GOOD MAN IS HARD TO FIND"	272	(1)
Kathleen Feeley
THE PROPHET IN O'CONNOR'S "REVELATION"	273	(3)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITING ABOUT AN AUTHOR
How One Story Illuminates Another	276	(1)
CHECKLIST
Reading an Author in Depth	276	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON AN AUTHOR	277	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	277	(1)
9 Critical Casebook: Two Stories in Depth	278	(31)
Edgar Allan Poe	278	(5)
THE TELL-TALE HEART	279	(4)
The smoldering eye at last extinguished, a murderer finds that, despite all his attempts at a cover-up, his victim will be heard.
Edgar Allan Poe ON Writing
THE TALE AND ITS EFFECT	283	(1)
ON IMAGINATION	284	(1)
THE PHILOSOPHY OF COMPOSITION	284	(1)
Critics ON "The Tell-Tale Heart"
Daniel Hoffman
THE FATHER-FIGURE IN "THE TELL-TALE HEART"	285	(2)
Scott Peeples
"THE TELL-TALE HEART" AS A LOVE STORY	287	(1)
John Chua
THE FIGURE OF THE DOUBLE IN POE	288	(2)
Charlotte Perkins Gilman	290	(11)
THE YELLOW WALLPAPER	290	(11)
A doctor prescribes a "rest cure" for his wife after the birth of their child.
The new mother tries to settle in to life in the isolated and mysterious country house they have rented for the summer.
The cure proves worse than the disease in this Gothic classic.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman ON Writing
WHY I WROTE "THE YELLOW WALLPAPER"	301	(1)
WHATEVER IS	302	(1)
THE NERVOUS BREAKDOWN OF WOMEN	303	(1)
Critics ON "The Yellow Wallpaper"
Juliann Fleenor
GENDER AND PATHOLOGY IN "THE YELLOW WALLPAPER"	304	(1)
Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar
IMPRISONMENT AND ESCAPE: THE PSYCHOLOGY OF CONFINEMENT	305	(2)
Elizabeth Ammons
BIOGRAPHICAL ECHOES IN "THE YELLOW WALLPAPER"	307	(2)
10 Stories for Further Reading	309	(1)
Margaret Atwood
HAPPY ENDINGS	309	(3)
John and Mary meet.
What happens next?
This witty experimental story offers five different outcomes.
Jorge Luis Borges
THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO MARK	312	(4)
A young man from Buenos Aires is trapped by a flood on an isolated ranch.
To pass the time he reads the Gospel to a family with unforeseen results.
John Cheever
THE FIVE-FORTY-EIGHT	316	(10)
After their brief affair, Blake fired his secretary.
He never expected she would seek revenge.
Kate Chopin
THE STORY OF AN HOUR	326	(2)
"There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully.
What was it?
She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name."
Sandra Cisneros
THE HOUSE ON MANGO STREET	328	(1)
Does where we live tell what we are?
A little girl dreams of a new house, but things don't always turn out the way we want them to.
Gabriel Garcia Márquez
THE HANDSOMEST DROWNED MAN IN THE WORLD	329	(4)
Even in death, a mysterious stranger has a profound effect on all of the people in the village.
Dagoberto Gilb
LOOK ON THE BRIGHT SIDE	333	(8)
"You have to look on the bright side" is the motto of this story's narrator, but that gets harder and harder to do as things just keep on getting worse.
Nathaniel Hawthorne
YOUNG GOODMAN BROWN	341	(10)
Urged on through deepening woods, a young Puritan sees—or dreams he sees—good villagers hasten toward a diabolic rite.
Zora Neale Hurston
SWEAT	351	(8)
Delia's hard work paid for her small house.
Now her drunken husband Sykes has promised it to another woman.
James Joyce
ARABY	359	(5)
If only he can find her a token, she might love him in return.
As night falls, a Dublin boy hurries to make his dream come true.
Franz Kafka
BEFORE THE LAW	364	(1)
A man from the country comes in search of the Law.
He never guesses what will prevent him from finding it in this modern parable.
Jamaica Kincaid
GIRL	365	(2)
"Try to walk like a lady, and not like the slut you are so bent on becoming."
An old-fashioned mother tells her daughter how to live.
D.H. Lawrence
THE ROCKING-HORSE WINNER	367	(10)
Wild-eyed "as if something were going to explode in him," the boy predicts each winning horse, and gamblers rush to bet a thousand pounds.
Joyce Carol Oates
WHERE ARE YOU GOING, WHERE HAVE YOU BEEN?	377	(12)
Alone in the house, Connie finds herself helpless before the advances of a spellbinding imitation teenager, Arnold Friend.
Tim O'Brien
THE THINGS THEY CARRIED	389	(12)
What each soldier carried into the combat zone was largely determined by necessity, but each man's necessities differed.
Octavio Paz
MY LIFE WITH THE WAVE	401	(4)
Meet the oddest couple ever, in this story by a Nobel Prize-winning poet.
Leslie Marmon Silko
THE MAN TO SEND RAIN CLOUDS	405	(3)
When old Teofilo dies, his friends give him a tribal burial to ensure that the rains will come for the pueblo.
But can they also convince Father Paul to take part in the pagan ceremony?
Helena Maria Viramontes
THE MOTHS	408	(4)
An angry adolescent performs a final act of love for the grandmother who made her feel "safe and guarded and not alone."
Eudora Welty
A WORN PATH	412	(13)
When the man said to old Phoenix, "you must be a hundred years old, and scared of nothing," he might have been exaggerating, but not by much.
POETRY
11 Reading a Poem	423	(412)
William Butler Yeats
THE LAKE ISLE OF INNISFREE	425	(2)
Lyric Poetry	427	(2)
D.H. Lawrence
PIANO	428	(1)
Adrienne Rich
AUNT JENNIFER'S TIGERS	428	(1)
Narrative Poetry	429	(3)
Anonymous
SIR PATRICK SPENCE	429	(2)
Robert Frost
"OUT, OUT—"	431	(1)
Dramatic Poetry	432	(3)
Robert Browning
MY LAST DUCHESS	432	(3)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Adrienne Rich
RECALLING "AUNT JENNIFER'S TIGERS"	435	(1)
WRITING A PARAPHRASE
Can a Poem Be Paraphrased?	435	(1)
William Stafford
ASK ME	436	(1)
William Stafford
A PARAPHRASE OF "ASK ME"	436	(1)
CHECKLIST
Paraphrasing a Poem	437	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON PARAPHRASING	437	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	437	(1)
12 Listening to a Voice	438	(1)
Tone	438	(6)
Theodore Roethke
MY PAPA'S WALTZ	438	(1)
Countee Cullen
FOR A LADY I KNOW	439	(1)
Anne Bradstreet
THE AUTHOR TO HER BOOK	440	(1)
Walt Whitman
TO A LOCOMOTIVE IN WINTER	441	(1)
Emily Dickinson
I LIKE TO SEE IT LAP THE MILES	442	(1)
Benjamin Alire Sáenz
TO THE DESERT	443	(1)
Weldon Kees
FOR MY DAUGHTER	443	(1)
The Person in the Poem	444	(7)
Natasha Trethewey
A WHITE LIES	444	(2)
Edwin Arlington Robinson
LUKE HAVERGAL	446	(1)
Ted Hughes
HAWK ROOSTING	447	(1)
Suji Kwock Kim
MONOLOGUE FOR AN ONION	448	(1)
William Wordsworth
I WANDERED LONELY AS A CLOUD	449	(1)
Dorothy Wordsworth
A JOURNAL ENTRY	450	(1)
Anne Sexton
HER KIND	450	(1)
William Carlos Williams
THE RED WHEELBARROW	451	(1)
Irony	451	(6)
Robert Creeley
OH NO	452	(1)
W.H. Auden
THE UNKNOWN CITIZEN	453	(1)
Sharon Olds
RITES OF PASSAGE	454	(1)
Sarah N. Cleghorn
THE GOLF LINKS	455	(1)
Edna St. Vincent Millay
SECOND FIG	455	(1)
Thomas Hardy
THE WORKBOX	456	(1)
For Review and Further Study
William Blake
THE CHIMNEY SWEEPER	457	(1)
William Stafford
AT THE UN-NATIONAL MONUMENT ALONG THE CANADIAN BORDER	458	(1)
Richard Lovelace
TO LUCASTA	458	(1)
Wilfred Owen
DULCE ET DECORUM EST	459	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Wilfred Owen
WAR POETRY	460	(1)
WRITING ABOUT VOICE
Listening to Tone	460	(1)
CHECKLIST
Analyzing Tone	461	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON TONE	462	(4)
Student Paper
WORD CHOICE, TONE, AND POINT OF VIEW IN ROETHKE'S "MY PAPA'S WALTZ"	463	(3)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	466	(1)
13 Words	467	(1)
Literal Meaning: What a Poem Says First	467	(4)
William Carlos Williams
THIS IS JUST TO SAY	468	(1)
Marianne Moore
SILENCE	469	(1)
Robert Graves
DOWN, WANTON, DOWN!	469	(1)
John Donne
BATTER MY HEART, THREE-PERSONED GOD, FOR YOU	470	(1)
The Value of a Dictionary	471	(4)
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
AFTERMATH	472	(2)
J.V. Cunningham
FRIEND, ON THIS SCAFFOLD THOMAS MORE LIES DEAD	474	(1)
Kelly Cherry
ADVICE TO A FRIEND WHO PAINTS	474	(1)
Carl Sandburg
GRASS	474	(1)
Word Choice and Word Order	475	(6)
Robert Herrick
UPON JULIA'S CLOTHES	477	(1)
Kay Ryan
BLANDEUR	478	(1)
Thomas Hardy
THE RUINED MAID	479	(1)
Richard Eberhart
THE FURY OF AERIAL BOMBARDMENT	480	(1)
Wendy Cope
LONELY HEARTS	480	(1)
For Review and Further Study
E.E. Cummings
ANYONE LIVED IN A PRETTY HOW TOWN	481	(1)
Anonymous
CARNATION MILK	482	(1)
Kenneth Rexroth
VITAMINS AND ROUGHAGE	483	(1)
Gina Valdes
ENGLISH CON SALSA	483	(1)
Lewis Carroll
JABBERWOCKY	484	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Lewis Carroll
HUMPTY DUMPTY EXPLICATES "JABBERWOCKY"	485	(1)
WRITING ABOUT DICTION
Every Word Counts	486	(1)
CHECKLIST
Thinking About Word Choice	487	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON WORD CHOICE	487	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	488	(1)
14 Saying and Suggesting	489	(1)
John Masefield
CARGOES	490	(1)
William Blake
LONDON	491	(2)
Wallace Stevens
DISILLUSIONMENT OF TEN O'CLOCK	493	(1)
Gwendolyn Brooks
SOUTHEAST CORNER	493	(1)
Timothy Steele
EPITAPH	494	(1)
E.E. Cummings
NEXT TO OF COURSE GOD AMERICA I	494	(1)
Robert Frost
FIRE AND ICE	495	(1)
Clare Rossini
FINAL LOVE NOTE	495	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
TEARS, IDLE TEARS	496	(1)
Richard Wilbur
LOVE CALLS US TO THE THINGS OF THIS WORLD	496	(2)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Richard Wilbur
CONCERNING "LOVE CALLS US TO THE THINGS OF THIS WORLD"	498	(1)
WRITING ABOUT DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION
The Ways a Poem Suggests	498	(1)
CHECKLIST
Analyzing What a Poem Says and Suggests	499	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION	500	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	500	(1)
15 Imagery	501	(1)
Ezra Pound
IN A STATION OF THE METRO	501	(1)
Taniguchi Buson
THE PIERCING CHILL I FEEL	501	(2)
T.S. Eliot
THE WINTER EVENING SETTLES DOWN	503	(1)
Theodore Roethke
ROOT CELLAR	503	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop
THE FISH	504	(2)
Anne Stevenson
THE VICTORY	506	(1)
Emily Dickinson
A ROUTE OF EVANESCENCE	506	(1)
Jean Toomer
REAPERS	507	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
PIED BEAUTY	507	(1)
About Haiku	508	(1)
Arakida Moritake
THE FALLING FLOWER	508	(1)
Matsuo Basho
HEAT-LIGHTNING STREAK	509	(1)
Matsuo Basho
IN THE OLD STONE POOL	509	(1)
Taniguchi Buson
ON THE ONE-TON TEMPLE BELL	509	(1)
Taniguchi Buson
I GO	509	(1)
Kobayashi Issa
ONLY ONE GUY	509	(1)
Kobayashi Issa
CRICKET	509	(1)
Haiku from Japanese Internment Camps	509	(1)
Suiko Matsushita
RAIN SHOWER FROM MOUNTAIN	510	(1)
Neiji Ozawa
WAR FORCED US FROM CALIFORNIA	510	(1)
Hakuro Wada
EVEN THE CROAKING OF FROGS	510	(1)
Contemporary Haiku	510	(1)
Etheridge Knight, Lee Gurga, Penny Harter, Jennifer Brutschy, John Ridland, Connie Bensley, Adelle Foley, Garry Gay	510	(1)
For Review and Further Study
John Keats
BRIGHT STAR! WOULD I WERE STEADFAST AS THOU ART	511	(1)
Walt Whitman
THE RUNNER	512	(1)
T.E. Hulme
IMAGE	512	(1)
William Carlos Williams
EL HOMBRE	512	(1)
Chana Bloch
TIRED SEX	512	(1)
Robert Bly
DRIVING TO TOWN LATE TO MAIL A LETTER	513	(1)
Rita Dove
A SILOS	513	(1)
Louise Glück
MOCK ORANGE	513	(1)
Billy Collins
EMBRACE	514	(1)
Stevie Smith
NOT WAVING BUT DROWNING	514	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Ezra Pound
THE IMAGE	515	(1)
WRITING ABOUT IMAGERY
Analyzing Images	516	(1)
CHECKLIST
Thinking About Imagery	517	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON IMAGERY	517	(5)
Student Paper
ELIZABETH BISHOP'S USE OF IMAGERY IN "THE FISH"	517	(5)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	522	(1)
16 Figures of Speech	523	(1)
Why Speak Figuratively?	523	(2)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
THE EAGLE	524	(1)
William Shakespeare
SHALL I COMPARE THEE TO A SUMMER'S DAY?	524	(1)
Howard Moss
SHALL I COMPARE THEE TO A SUMMER'S DAY?	525	(1)
Metaphor and Simile	525	(4)
Emily Dickinson
MY LIFE HAD STOOD - A LOADED GUN	527	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
FLOWER IN THE CRANNIED WALL	527	(1)
William Blake
TO SEE A WORLD IN A GRAIN OF SAND	528	(1)
Sylvia Plath
METAPHORS	528	(1)
N. Scott Momaday
SIMILE	528	(1)
Other Figures of Speech	529	(5)
James Stephens
THE WIND	530	(2)
Margaret Atwood
YOU FIT INTO ME	532	(1)
John Ashbery
THE CATHEDRAL IS	532	(1)
Dana Gioia
MONEY	532	(1)
Charles Simic
MY SHOES	533	(1)
For Review and Further Study
Robert Frost
THE SILKEN TENT	534	(1)
April Lindner
LOW TIDE	535	(1)
Jane Kenyon
THE SUITOR	535	(1)
Robert Frost
THE SECRET SITS	536	(1)
A.R. Ammons
COWARD	536	(1)
Heather McHugh
LANGUAGE LESSON, 1976	536	(1)
Robert Burns
OH, MY LOVE IS LIKE A RED, RED ROSE	537	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Robert Frost
THE IMPORTANCE OF POETIC METAPHOR	537	(1)
WRITING ABOUT METAPHORS
How Metaphors Enlarge a Poem's Meaning	538	(1)
CHECKLIST
Analyzing Metaphor	538	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON FIGURES OF SPEECH	538	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	539	(1)
17 Song	540	(1)
Singing and Saying	540	(6)
Ben Jonson
TO CELIA	541	(1)
Anonymous
THE CRUEL MOTHER	542	(1)
William Shakespeare
O MISTRESS MINE	543	(1)
Edwin Arlington Robinson
RICHARD CORY	544	(1)
Paul Simon
RICHARD CORY	545	(1)
Ballads	546	(3)
Anonymous
BONNY BARBARA ALLAN	546	(2)
Dudley Randall
BALLAD OF BIRMINGHAM	548	(1)
Blues	549	(2)
Bessie Smith with Clarence Williams
JAILHOUSE BLUES	550	(1)
W.H. Auden
FUNERAL BLUES	550	(1)
Rap	551	(2)
Run D.M.C.
FROM PETER PIPER	552	(1)
For Review and Further Study
John Lennon and Paul McCartney
ELEANOR RIGBY	553	(1)
Aimee Mann
DEATHLY	554	(2)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Paul McCartney
CREATING "ELEANOR RIGBY"	556	(1)
WRITING ABOUT SONG LYRICS
Poetry's Close Kinship with Song	556	(1)
CHECKLIST
Looking at Lyrics as Poetry	557	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON SONG LYRICS	557	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	557	(1)
18 Sound	558	(1)
Sound as Meaning	558	(4)
Alexander Pope
TRUE EASE IN WRITING COMES FROM ART, NOT CHANCE	559	(2)
William Butler Yeats
WHO GOES WITH FERGUS?	561	(1)
John Updike
RECITAL	561	(1)
William Wordsworth
A SLUMBER DID MY SPIRIT SEAL	562	(1)
Aphra Behn
WHEN MAIDENS ARE YOUNG	562	(1)
Alliteration and Assonance	562	(3)
A.E. Housman
EIGHT O'CLOCK	563	(1)
James Joyce
ALL DAY I HEAR	564	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
THE SPLENDOR FALLS ON CASTLE WALLS	564	(1)
Rime	565	(5)
William Cole
ON MY BOAT ON LAKE CAYUGA	565	(2)
Hilaire Belloc
THE HIPPOPOTAMUS	567	(1)
Ogden Nash
THE PANTHER	567	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
GOD'S GRANDEUR	568	(1)
Fred Chappell
NARCISSUS AND ECHO	569	(1)
Reading Poems Aloud	570	(2)
Michael Stillman
IN MEMORIAM JOHN COLTRANE	570	(1)
William Shakespeare
FULL FATHOM FIVE THY FATHER LIES	571	(1)
Chryss Yost
LAI WITH SOUNDS OF SKIN	571	(1)
T.S. Eliot
VIRGINIA	572	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
T.S. Eliot
THE MUSIC OF POETRY	572	(1)
WRITING ABOUT SOUND
Listening to the Music	573	(1)
CHECKLIST
Writing About a Poem's Sound	574	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON SOUND	574	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	574	(1)
19 Rhythm	575	(1)
Stresses and Pauses	575	(6)
Gwendolyn Brooks
WE REAL COOL	579	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
BREAK, BREAK, BREAK	579	(1)
Ben Jonson
SLOW, SLOW, FRESH FOUNT, KEEP TIME WITH MY SALT TEARS	580	(1)
Dorothy Parker
RÉSUMÉ	581	(1)
Meter	581	(8)
Max Beerbohm
ON THE IMPRINT OF THE FIRST ENGLISH EDITION OF THE WORKS OF MAX BEERBOHM	581	(5)
Edna St. Vincent Milley
COUNTING-OUT RHYME	586	(1)
A.E. Housman
WHEN I WAS ONE-AND-TWENTY	586	(1)
William Carlos Williams
SMELL!	587	(1)
Walt Whitman
BEAT! BEAT! DRUMS!	587	(1)
David Mason
SONG OF THE POWERS	588	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Gwendolyn Brooks
HEARING "WE REAL COOL"	589	(1)
WRITING ABOUT RHYTHM
Freeze-Framing the Sound	589	(1)
CHECKLIST
Scanning a Poem	590	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON RHYTHM	590	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	591	(1)
20 Closed Form	592	(1)
Formal Patterns	593	(5)
John Keats
THIS LIVING HAND, NOW WARM AND CAPABLE	593	(2)
Robert Graves
COUNTING THE BEATS	595	(1)
John Donne
SONG "GO AND CATCH A FALLING STAR"	596	(1)
Phillis Levin
BRIEF BIO	597	(1)
The Sonnet	598	(6)
William Shakespeare
LET ME NOT TO THE MARRIAGE OF TRUE MINDS	598	(1)
Michael Drayton
SINCE THERE'S NO HELP, COME LET US KISS AND PART	599	(1)
Edna St. Vincent Millay
WHAT LIPS MY LIPS HAVE KISSED, AND WHERE, WHY	600	(1)
Robert Frost
ACQUAINTED WITH THE NIGHT	600	(1)
Kim Addonizio
FIRST POEM FOR YOU	601	(1)
Mark Jarman
UNHOLY SONNET: HANDS FOLDED	601	(1)
Timothy Steele
SUMMER	601	(1)
A.E. Stallings
SINE QUA NON	602	(1)
R.S. Gwynn
SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET	603	(1)
The Epigram	604	(1)
Alexander Pope, Sir John Harrington, Langston Hughes, J.V. Cunningham, Stevie Smith, Anonymous
A SELECTION OF EPIGRAMS	604	(1)
Other Forms	605	(3)
Robert Pinsky
ABC	605	(1)
Dylan Thomas
DO NOT GO GENTLE INTO THAT GOOD NIGHT	606	(1)
Robert Bridges
TRIOLET	606	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop
SESTINA	607	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
A.E. Stallings
ON FORM AND ARTIFICE	608	(1)
WRITING ABOUT FORM
Turning Points	609	(1)
CHECKLIST
Thinking About a Sonnet	610	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON A SONNET	610	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	610	(1)
21 Open Form	611	(1)
Denise Levertov
ANCIENT STAIRWAY	611	(3)
E.E. Cummings
BUFFALO BILL'S	614	(1)
W.S. Merwin
FOR THE ANNIVERSARY DEATH	615	(1)
Stephen Crane
THE HEART	615	(1)
Walt Whitman
CAVALRY CROSSING A FORD	616	(1)
Ezra Pound
SALUTATION	616	(1)
Wallace Stevens
THIRTEEN WAYS OF LOOKING AT A BLACKBIRD	616	(3)
Prose Poetry	619	(1)
Charles Simic
THE MAGIC STUDY OF HAPPINESS	619	(1)
Visual Poetry	619	(3)
George Herbert
EASTER WINGS	620	(1)
John Hollander
SWAN AND SHADOW	621	(1)
Seeing the Logic of Open Form Verse	622	(2)
E.E. Cummings
IN JUST	622	(1)
Carole Satyamurti
I SHALL PAINT MY NAILS RED	623	(1)
Alice Fulton
FAILURE	623	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Walt Whitman
THE POETRY OF THE FUTURE	624	(1)
WRITING ABOUT FREE VERSE
Lining Up for Free Verse	625	(1)
CHECKLIST
Analyzing Line Breaks in Free Verse	626	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON OPEN FORM	626	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	626	(1)
22 Symbol	627	(1)
T.S. Eliot
THE BOSTON EVENING TRANSCRIPT	628	(1)
Emily Dickinson
THE LIGHTNING IS A YELLOW FORK	629	(1)
Thomas Hardy
NEUTRAL TONES	630	(1)
Matthew 13:24-30
THE PARABLE OF THE GOOD SEED	631	(1)
George Herbert
THE WORLD	632	(1)
Edwin Markham
OUTWITTED	633	(1)
Robert Frost
THE ROAD NOT TAKEN	633	(1)
Christina Rossetti
UPHILL	634	(1)
For Review and Further Study
William Carlos Williams
THE TERM	635	(1)
Ted Kooser
CARRIE	635	(1)
Jane Hirshfield
TREE	635	(1)
Lorine Niedecker
POPCORN-CAN COVER	636	(1)
Wallace Stevens
ANECDOTE OF THE JAR	636	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
William Butler Yeats
POETIC SYMBOLS	637	(1)
WRITING ABOUT SYMBOLS
Reading a Symbol	637	(1)
CHECKLIST
Analyzing a Symbol	638	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON SYMBOLISM	638	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	638	(1)
23 Myth and Narrative	639	(1)
Robert Frost
NOTHING GOLD CAN STAY	640	(1)
William Wordsworth
THE WORLD IS TOO MUCH WITH US	641	(1)
H.D.
HELEN	641	(1)
Archetype	642	(3)
Louise Bogan
MEDUSA	643	(1)
John Keats
LA BELLE DAME SANS MERCI	644	(1)
Personal Myth	645	(2)
William Butler Yeats
THE SECOND COMING	646	(1)
Myth and Popular Culture	647	(4)
Andrea Hollander Budy
SNOW WHITE	648	(1)
Anne Sexton
CINDERELLA	648	(3)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Anne Sexton
TRANSFORMING FAIRY TALES	651	(1)
WRITING ABOUT MYTH
Demystifying Myth	652	(1)
CHECKLIST
Thinking About Myth	653	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON MYTH	653	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	653	(1)
24 Poetry and Personal Identity	654	(1)
Sylvia Plath
LADY LAZARUS	655	(3)
Rhina Espaillat
BILINGUAL/BILINGÜE	658	(1)
Culture, Race, and Ethnicity	659	(5)
Claude McKay
AMERICA	659	(1)
Samuel Menashe
THE SHRINE WHOSE SHAPE I AM	660	(1)
Francisco X. Alarcón
THE X IN MY NAME	661	(1)
Judith Ortiz Cofer
QUINCEAÑERA	661	(1)
Amy Uyematsu
DELIBERATE	662	(1)
Yusef Komunyakaa
IN FACING IT	663	(1)
Shirley Geok-lin Lim
LEARNING TO LOVE AMERICA	664	(1)
Gender	664	(3)
Anne Stevenson
SOUS-ENTENDU	665	(1)
Donald Justice
MEN AT FORTY	666	(1)
Adrienne Rich
WOMEN	666	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Rhina Espaillat
BEING A BILINGUAL WRITER	667	(1)
WRITING ABOUT THE POETRY OF PERSONAL IDENTITY
Poetic Voice and Personal Identity	668	(1)
CHECKLIST
Writing About Voice and Personal Identity	669	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON PERSONAL IDENTITY	669	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	669	(1)
25 Poetry in Spanish: Literature of Latin America	670	(2)
Sor Juana
ASEGURA LA CONFIANZA DE QUE OCULTURÁ DE TODO UN SECRETO	672	(1)
Translated by Diane Thiel
SHE PROMISES TO HOLD A SECRET IN CONFIDENCE	672	(1)
Sor Juana
PRESENTE EN QUE EL CARIÑO HACE REGALO LA LLANEZA	672	(1)
Translated by Diane Thiel
A SIMPLE GIFT MADE RICH BY AFFECTION	672	(1)
Pablo Neruda
MUCHOS SOMOS	673	(2)
Translated by Alastair Reid
WE ARE MANY	673	(2)
Pablo Neruda
CIEN SONETOS DE AMOR (V)	675	(1)
Translated by Stephen Tapscott
ONE HUNDRED LOVE SONNETS (V)	675	(1)
Jorge Luis Borges
AMOROSA ANTICIPACIÓN	676	(1)
Translated by Robert Fitzgerald
ANTICIPATION OF LOVE	677	(1)
Jorge Luis Borges
LOS ENIGMAS	677	(2)
Translated by John Updike
THE ENIGMAS	678	(1)
Octavio Paz
CON LOS OJOS CERRADOS	679	(1)
Translated by Eliot Weinberger
WITH EYES CLOSED	679	(1)
Octavio Paz
CERTEZA	679	(1)
Translated by Charles Tomlinson
CERTAINTY	679	(1)
Surrealism in Latin American Poetry	680	(3)
Frida Kahlo
THE TWO FRIDAS	681	(1)
César Vallejo
LA COLERA QUE QUIEBRA AL HOMBRE EN NIÑOS	681	(1)
Translated by Thomas Merton
ANGER	682	(1)
WRITERS ON WRITING
Octavio Paz
IN SEARCH OF THE PRESENT	683	(1)
WRITERS ON TRANSLATING
Alastair Reid
TRANSLATING NERUDA	683	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON SPANISH POETRY	684	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	684	(1)
26 Recognizing Excellence	685	(2)
Anonymous
O MOON, WHEN I GAZE ON THY BEAUTIFUL FACE	687	(1)
Grace Treasone
LIFE	687	(1)
Emily Dickinson
A DYING TIGER - MOANED FOR DRINK	687	(3)
Rod McKuen
THOUGHTS ON CAPITAL PUNISHMENT	690	(1)
William Stafford
TRAVELING THROUGH THE DARK	690	(1)
Recognizing Excellence	691	(9)
William Butler Yeats
SAILING TO BYZANTIUM	692	(2)
Arthur Guiterman
ON THE VANITY OF EARTHLY GREATNESS	694	(1)
Percy Bysshe Shelley
OZYMANDIAS	694	(1)
Robert Hayden
THE WHIPPING	695	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop
ONE ART	696	(2)
Paul Laurence Dunbar
WE WEAR THE MASK	698	(1)
Emma Lazarus
THE NEW COLOSSUS	698	(1)
Edgar Allan Poe
ANNABEL LEE	699	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Edgar Allan Poe
A LONG POEM DOES NOT EXIST	700	(1)
WRITING AN EVALUATION
You Be the Judge	701	(1)
CHECKLIST
Evaluating a Poem	701	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON EVALUATING A POEM	702	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	702	(1)
27 What Is Poetry?	703	(1)
Dante, Samuel Johnson, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Hardy, Robert Frost, Wallace Stevens, Mina Loy, T.S. Eliot, W.H. Auden, Elizabeth Bishop, Jorge Luis Borges, Octavio Paz, William Stafford
SOME DEFINITIONS OF POETRY	703	(2)
28 Two Critical Casebooks: Emily Dickinson and Langston Hughes	705	(1)
Emily Dickinson	705	(6)
SUCCESS IS COUNTED SWEETEST	706	(1)
I TASTE A LIQUOR NEVER BREWED	706	(1)
WILD NIGHTS - WILD NIGHTS!	707	(1)
I FELT A FUNERAL, IN MY BRAIN	707	(1)
I'M NOBODY! WHO ARE YOU?	708	(1)
I DWELL IN POSSIBILITY	708	(1)
THE SOUL SELECTS HER OWN SOCIETY	708	(1)
SOME KEEP THE SABBATH GOING TO CHURCH	709	(1)
AFTER GREAT PAIN, A FORMAL FEELING COMES	709	(1)
I HEARD A FLY BUZZ - WHEN I DIED	709	(1)
BECAUSE I COULD NOT STOP FOR DEATH	710	(1)
TELL ALL THE TRUTH BUT TELL IT SLANT	710	(1)
Emily Dickinson ON Emily Dickinson
RECOGNIZING POETRY	711	(1)
SELF-DESCRIPTION	712	(1)
Critics ON Emily Dickinson
Thomas Wentworth Higginson
MEETING EMILY DICKINSON	713	(1)
Thomas H. Johnson
THE DISCOVERY OF EMILY DICKINSON'S MANUSCRIPTS	714	(1)
Richard Wilbur
THE THREE PRIVATIONS OF EMILY DICKINSON	715	(1)
Cynthia Griffin Wolff
DICKINSON AND DEATH A READING OF "BECAUSE I COULD NOT STOP FOR DEATH"	716	(2)
Langston Hughes	718	(7)
THE NEGRO SPEAKS OF RIVERS	718	(1)
MOTHER TO SON	719	(1)
DREAM VARIATIONS	719	(1)
I, TOO	720	(1)
THE WEARY BLUES	720	(1)
SONG FOR A DARK GIRL	721	(1)
BALLAD OF THE LANDLORD	721	(1)
KU KLUX	722	(1)
END	723	(1)
THEME FOR ENGLISH B	723	(1)
HARLEM [DREAM DEFERRED]	724	(1)
AS BEFITS A MAN	724	(1)
Langston Hughes ON Langston Hughes
THE NEGRO ARTIST AND THE RACIAL MOUNTAIN	725	(1)
THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE	726	(2)
Critics ON Langston Hughes
Arnold Rampersad
HUGHES AS AN EXPERIMENTALIST	728	(1)
Rita Dove and Marilyn Nelson
THE VOICES IN LANGSTON HUGHES	729	(2)
Darryl Pinckney
BLACK IDENTITY IN LANGSTON HUGHES	731	(1)
Peter Townsend
LANGSTON HUGHES AND JAZZ	732	(2)
TOPICS FOR WRITING ABOUT EMILY DICKINSON	734	(1)
TOPICS FOR WRITING ABOUT LANGSTON HUGHES	734	(1)
29 Critical Casebook: T.S. Eliot's "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"	735	(1)
T.S. Eliot	735	(17)
THE LOVE SONG OF J. ALFRED PRUFROCK	737	(15)
T.S. Eliot ON Writing
POETRY AND EMOTION	741	(1)
THE OBJECTIVE CORRELATIVE	742	(1)
Critics ON "Prufrock"
Denis Donoghue
ONE OF THE IRREFUTABLE POETS	743	(1)
Christopher Ricks
WHAT'S IN A NAME?	744	(1)
Philip R. Headings
THE PRONOUNS IN THE POEM: "ONE," "YOU," AND "I"	745	(1)
Maud Ellmann
WILL THERE BE TIME?	746	(1)
John Berryman
PRUFROCK'S DILEMMA	747	(3)
TOPICS FOR WRITING	750	(1)
30 Poems for Further Reading	751	(86)
Anonymous
LORD RANDALL	752	(1)
Anonymous
LAST WORDS OF THE PROPHET	753	(1)
Matthew Arnold
DOVER BEACH	753	(1)
John Ashbery
AT NORTH FARM	754	(1)
Margaret Atwood
SIREN SONG	755	(1)
W.H. Auden
AS I WALKED OUT ONE EVENING	756	(2)
W.H. Auden
MUSÉE DES BEAUX ARTS	758	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop
FILLING STATION	759	(2)
William Blake
THE TYGER	761	(1)
Gwendolyn Brooks
THE PREACHER: RUMINATES BEHIND THE SERMON	762	(1)
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
HOW DO I LOVE THEE? LET ME COUNT THE WAYS	762	(1)
Robert Browning
SOLILOQUY OF THE SPANISH CLOISTER	763	(2)
Lucille Clifton
HOMAGE TO MY HIPS	765	(1)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
KUBLA KHAN	766	(1)
Billy Collins
CARE AND FEEDING	767	(1)
E.E. Cummings
SOMEWHERE I HAVE NEVER TRAVELLED, GLADLY BEYOND	768	(1)
Marisa de los Santos
PERFECT DRESS	769	(1)
John Donne
DEATH BE NOT PROUD	770	(1)
John Donne
THE FLEA	771	(1)
Louise Erdrich
INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOL: THE RUNAWAYS	772	(1)
Robert Frost
BIRCHES	773	(1)
Robert Frost
MENDING WALL	774	(1)
Robert Frost
STOPPING BY WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENING	775	(1)
Allen Ginsberg
A SUPERMARKET IN CALIFORNIA	776	(1)
Thomas Hardy
THE CONVERGENCE OF THE TWAIN	777	(2)
Robert Hayden
THOSE WINTER SUNDAYS	779	(1)
Seamus Heaney
DIGGING	780	(1)
George Herbert
LOVE	781	(1)
Robert Herrick
TO THE VIRGINS, TO MAKE MUCH OF TIME	782	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
SPRING AND FALL	782	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
THE WINDHOVER	783	(1)
A.E. Housman
LOVELIEST OF TREES, THE CHERRY NOW	783	(1)
A.E. Housman
TO AN ATHLETE DYING YOUNG	784	(1)
Randall Jarrell
THE DEATH OF THE BALL TURRET GUNNER	785	(1)
Robinson Jeffers
TO THE STONE-CUTTERS	785	(1)
Ben Jonson
ON MY FIRST SON	786	(1)
Donald Justice
ON THE DEATH OF FRIENDS IN CHILDHOOD	786	(1)
John Keats
ODE ON A GRECIAN URN	787	(1)
Ted Kooser
ABANDONED FARMHOUSE	788	(1)
Philip Larkin
HOME IS SO SAD	789	(1)
Denise Levertov
THE ACHE OF MARRIAGE	790	(1)
Robert Lowell
SKUNK HOUR	791	(1)
Andrew Marvell
TO HIS COY MISTRESS	792	(1)
Edna St. Vincent Millay
RECUERDO	793	(1)
John Milton
WHEN I CONSIDER HOW MY LIGHT IS SPENT	794	(1)
Marianne Moore
POETRY	795	(1)
Marilyn Nelson
A STRANGE BEAUTIFUL WOMAN	796	(1)
Howard Nemerov
THE WAR IN THE AIR	797	(1)
Lorine Niedecker
POET'S WORK	797	(1)
Yone Noguchi
A SELECTION OF HOKKU	798	(1)
Sharon Olds
THE ONE GIRL AT THE BOYS' PARTY	798	(1)
Wilfred Owen
ANTHEM FOR DOOMED YOUTH	799	(1)
Linda Pastan
ETHICS	800	(1)
Sylvia Plath
DADDY	801	(2)
Alexander Pope
A LITTLE LEARNING IS A DANG'ROUS THING	803	(1)
Ezra Pound
THE RIVER-MERCHANT'S WIFE: A LETTER	803	(2)
Dudley Randall
A DIFFERENT IMAGE	805	(1)
Henry Reed
NAMING OF PARTS	806	(1)
Adrienne Rich
LIVING IN SIN	806	(1)
Edwin Arlington Robinson
MINIVER CHEEVY	807	(1)
Theodore Roethke
ELEGY FOR JANE	808	(1)
William Shakespeare
WHEN, IN DISGRACE WITH FORTUNE AND MEN'S EYES	809	(1)
William Shakespeare
THAT TIME OF YEAR THOU MAYST IN ME BEHOLD	810	(1)
William Shakespeare
MY MISTRESS' EYES ARE NOTHING LIKE THE SUN	811	(1)
David R. Siavitt
TITANIC	811	(1)
Cathy Song
STAMP COLLECTING	812	(1)
Wallace Stevens
THE EMPEROR OF ICE-CREAM	813	(1)
Larissa Szporluk
VERTIGO	814	(1)
Sara Teasdale
THE FLIGHT	815	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
DARK HOUSE, BY WHICH ONCE MORE I STAND	815	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
ULYSSES	816	(2)
Dylan Thomas
FERN HILL	818	(1)
John Updike
EX-BASKETBALL PLAYER	819	(1)
Derek Walcott
THE VIRGINS	820	(1)
Edmund Waller
GO, LOVELY ROSE	821	(1)
Walt Whitman
FROM SONG OF THE OPEN ROAD	822	(1)
Walt Whitman
I HEAR AMERICA SINGING	823	(1)
Richard Wilbur
THE WRITER	823	(1)
William Carlos Williams
SPRING AND ALL	824	(1)
William Wordsworth
COMPOSED UPON WESTMINSTER BRIDGE	825	(1)
James Wright
AUTUMN BEGINS IN MARTINS FERRY, OHIO	826	(1)
Mary Sidney Wroth
IN THIS STRANGE LABYRINTH	826	(1)
Sir Thomas Wyatt
THEY FLEE FROM ME THAT SOMETIME DID ME SEKË	827	(1)
William Butler Yeats
CRAZY JANE TALKS WITH THE BISHOP	828	(1)
William Butler Yeats
WHEN YOU ARE OLD	829	(1)
Bernice Zamora
TENTS	829	(6)
DRAMA
31 Reading a Play	835	(554)
A Play in Its Elements	837	(16)
Susan Glaspell
TRIFLES	837	(1)
Was Minnie Wright to blame for the death of her husband? While the menfolk try to unravel a mystery, two women in the kitchen turn up revealing clues.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Susan Glaspell
CREATING TRIFLES	853	(1)
WRITING ABOUT CONFLICT
Conflict Resolution	854	(1)
CHECKLIST
Analyzing Conflict	854	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON CONFLICT	855	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	855	(1)
32 Modes of Drama: Tragedy and Comedy	856	(1)
Tragedy	856	(8)
Christopher Marlowe
SCENE FROM DOCTOR FAUSTUS Act 2, Scene 1	858	(1)
In this scene from the classic drama, a brilliant scholar sells his soul to the devil.
How smart is that?
Comedy	864	(12)
David Ives
SURE THING	866	(1)
Bill wants to pick up Betty in a cafe, but he makes every mistake in the book.
Luckily, he not only gets a second chance, but a third and a fourth as well.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
David Ives
ON THE ONE-ACT PLAY	876	(1)
WRITING ABOUT COMEDY
Getting Serious About Comedy	877	(1)
CHECKLIST
Writing About a Comedy	878	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON COMEDY	878	(1)
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON TRAGEDY	878	(1)
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON COMEDY	878	(1)
33 Critical Casebook: Sophocles	879	(6)
The Theater of Sophocles	879	(1)
Staging	880	(2)
The Civic Role of Greek Drama	882	(2)
Aristotle's Concept of Tragedy	884	(1)
Sophocles	885	(40)
THE ORIGINS OF OEDIPUS THE KING	886	(39)
Sophocles
OEDIPUS THE KING Translated by Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald	887	(1)
"Who is the man proclaimed
by Delphi's prophetic rock
as the bloody handed murderer
the doer of deeds that none dare name?
...Terrribly close on his heels are the Fates that never miss."
Critics ON Sophocles
Aristotle
DEFINING TRAGEDY	925	(2)
Sigmund Freud
THE DESTINY OF OEDIPUS	927	(1)
E.R. Dodds
ON MISUNDERSTANDING OEDIPUS	928	(1)
A.E. Haigh
THE IRONY OF SOPHOCLES	929	(1)
David Wiles
THE CHORUS AS DEMOCRAT	930	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Robert Fitzgerald
TRANSLATING SOPHOCLES INTO ENGLISH	931	(1)
WRITING ABOUT GREEK TRAGEDY
Some Things Change, Some Things Don't	932	(1)
CHECKLIST
Analyzing Greek Tragedy	932	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON SOPHOCLES	932	(1)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	933	(1)
34 Critical Casebook: Shakespeare	934	(3)
The Theater of Shakespeare	935	(1)
William Shakespeare	936	(1)
A Note on Othello	937	(103)
William Shakespeare
OTHELLO, THE MOOR OF VENICE	938	(1)
Here is a story of jealousy, that "green-eyed monster which doth mock
The meat it feeds on"—of a passionate, suspicious man and his blameless wife, of a serpent masked as a friend.
Critics ON Shakespeare
Anthony Burgess
AN ASIAN CULTURE LOOKS AT SHAKESPEARE	1040	(1)
W.H. Auden
IAGO AS A TRIUMPHANT VILLAIN	1041	(1)
Maud Bodkin
LUCIFER IN SHAKESPEARE'S OTHELLO	1042	(1)
Virginia Mason Vaughan
BLACK AND WHITE IN OTHELLO	1043	(1)
Clare Asquith
SHAKESPEARE'S LANGUAGE AS A HIDDEN POLITICAL CODE	1043	(2)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITERS ON WRITING
Ben Jonson
ON HIS FRIEND AND RIVAL WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE	1045	(1)
WRITING ABOUT SHAKESPEARE
Breaking the Language Barrier	1045	(1)
CHECKLIST
Reading a Shakespearean Play	1046	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON TRAGEDY	1046	(5)
Student Paper
OTHELLO: TRAGEDY OR SOAP OPERA?	1047	(4)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	1051	(1)
35 The Modern Theater	1052	(1)
Realism and Naturalism	1052	(58)
Henrik Ibsen
A DOLL'S HOUSE Translated by James McFarlane	1054	(1)
The founder of modern drama portrays a troubled marriage.
Helmer, the bank manager, regards his wife Nora as a chuckleheaded pet—not knowing the truth may shatter his smug world.
WRITERS ON WRITING
Henrik Ibsen
CORRESPONDENCE ON THE FINAL OF A DOLL'S HOUSE	1110	(1)
Tragicomedy and the Absurd	1111	(16)
Milcha Sanchez-Scott
THE CUBAN SWIMMER	1114	(1)
Nineteen-year-old Margarita Suárez wants to win a Southern California distance swimming race.
Is her family behind her? Quite literally!
WRITERS ON WRITING
Milcha Sanchez-Scott
WRITING THE CUBAN SWIMMER	1127	(1)
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
WRITING ABOUT DRAMATIC REALISM
What's so Realistic About Realism?	1128	(1)
CHECKLIST
Writing About a Realist Play	1129	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON REALISM	1129	(4)
Student Essay
HELMER VS. HELMER	1130	(3)
MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING	1133	(1)
36 Plays for Further Reading	1134	(1)
Rita Dove
THE DARKER FACE OF THE EARTH	1134	(72)
The timelessness of the great myths is displayed as a Pulitzer Prize-winning poet sets the Oedipus story on a South Carolina plantation before the Civil War.
WRITERS ON WRITING
Rita Dove
THE INSPIRATION FOR THE DARKER FACE OF THE EARTH	1206	(1)
Terrence McNally
ANDRE'S MOTHER	1207	(1)
After Andre's funeral the four people who loved him most walk into Central Park together.
Three of them talk about their grief, but Andre's mother remains silent about her son, dead of AIDS.
WRITERS ON WRITING
Terrence McNally
HOW TO WRITE A PLAY	1210	(1)
Arthur Miller
DEATH OF A SALESMAN	1211	(1)
Willy Loman has bright dreams for himself and his two sorts, but he is an aging salesman whose only assets are a shoeshine and a smile.
A modern classic about the downfall of an ordinary American.
WRITERS ON WRITING
Arthur Miller
TRAGEDY AND THE COMMON MAN	1281	(3)
Tennessee Williams
THE GLASS MENAGERIE	1284	(1)
Painfully shy and retiring, shunning love, Laura dwells in a world as fragile as her collection of tiny figurines—until one memorable night a gentleman comes to call.
WRITERS ON WRITING
Tennessee Williams
HOW TO STAGE THE GLASS MENAGERIE	1331	(2)
August Wilson
FENCES	1333	(1)
A proud man's love for his family is choked by his rigidity and self-righteousness, in this powerful drama by one of the great American playwrights of our time.
WRITERS ON WRITING
August Wilson
A LOOK INTO BLACK AMERICA	1385	(4)
WRITING
37 Writing About Literature	1389
Reading Actively	1389	(2)
Robert Frost
NOTHING GOLD CAN STAY	1390	(1)
Planning Your Essay	1391	(1)
Prewriting: Discovering Ideas	1392	(4)
Sample Student Prewriting Exercises	1392	(4)
Developing a Literary Argument	1396	(2)
CHECKLIST
Developing a Literary Argument	1398	(1)
Writing a Rough Draft	1398	(3)
Sample Student Paper
ROUGH DRAFT	1399	(2)
Revising	1401	(5)
CHECKLIST
Revision Steps	1405	(1)
Some Final Advice on Rewriting	1406	(4)
Sample Student Paper
REVISED DRAFT	1407	(3)
Using Critical Sources and Maintaining Academic Integrity	1410	(1)
The Form of Your Finished Paper	1410	(2)
38 Writing About a Story	1412	(1)
Reading Actively	1412	(2)
Thinking About a Story	1414	(1)
Preparing to Write: Discovering Ideas	1414	(3)
Sample Student Prewriting Exercises	1414	(3)
Writing a First Draft	1417	(1)
CHECKLIST
Writing a Rough Draft	1418	(1)
Revising	1418	(2)
CHECKLIST
Revision	1420	(1)
What's Your Purpose? Some Common Approaches to Writing About Fiction	1420	(15)
EXPLICATION	1420	(5)
Sample Student Paper
EXPLICATION	1422	(3)
ANALYSIS	1425	(4)
Sample Student Paper
ANALYSIS	1426	(3)
THE CARD REPORT	1429	(3)
Sample Student Card Report	1430	(2)
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST	1432	(5)
Sample Student Paper
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST	1433	(2)
Topics for Writing	1435	(2)
39 writing About a Poem	1437	(1)
Getting Started	1437	(1)
Reading Actively	1437	(1)
Robert Frost
DESIGN	1438	(1)
Thinking About a Poem	1438	(1)
Preparing to Write: Discovering Ideas	1439	(3)
Sample Student Prewriting Exercises	1439	(3)
Writing a First Draft	1442	(2)
CHECKLIST
Writing a Rough Draft	1443	(1)
Revising	1444	(2)
CHECKLIST
Revision	1446	(1)
Some Common Approaches to Writing About Poetry	1446	(11)
EXPLICATION	1446	(4)
Sample Student Paper
EXPLICATION	1447	(3)
A CRITIC'S EXPLICATION OF FROST'S "DESIGN"	1450	(1)
ANALYSIS	1451	(3)
Sample Student Paper
ANALYSIS	1452	(2)
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST	1454	(5)
Abbie Huston Evans
WING-SPREAD	1454	(1)
Sample Student Paper
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST	1455	(2)
How to Quote a Poem	1457	(2)
Topics for Writing	1459	(3)
Robert Frost
IN WHITE	1460	(2)
40 Writing About a Play	1462	(3)
Reading a Play	1462	(2)
Common Approaches to Writing About Drama	1464	(3)
EXPLICATION	1464	(1)
ANALYSIS	1464	(1)
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST	1464	(1)
A DRAMA REVIEW	1465	(7)
Sample Student Drama Review	1466	(1)
How to Quote a Play	1467	(2)
Topics for Writing	1469	(2)
41 Writing a Research Paper	1471	(1)
Getting Started	1471	(1)
Choosing a Topic	1472	(1)
Finding Research Sources	1472	(4)
FINDING PRINT RESOURCES	1472	(1)
USING ONLINE DATABASES	1473	(1)
FINDING RELIABLE WEB SOURCES	1473	(2)
CHECKLIST
Finding Sources	1474	(1)
USING VISUAL IMAGES	1475	(1)
CHECKLIST
Using Visual Images	1476	(1)
Evaluating Sources	1476	(2)
EVALUATING PRINT RESOURCES	1476	(1)
EVALUATING WEB RESOURCES	1476	(5)
CHECKLIST
Evaluating Sources	1477	(1)
Organizing Your Research	1478	(1)
Refining Your Thesis	1479	(1)
Organizing Your Paper	1479	(1)
Writing and Revising	1480	(1)
Guarding Academic Integrity	1480	(1)
Acknowledging Sources	1481	(2)
QUOTING A SOURCE	1481	(1)
CITING IDEAS	1482	(1)
Documenting Sources Using MLA Style	1483	(5)
LIST OF SOURCES	1483	(1)
PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES	1483	(1)
WORKS CITED LIST	1484	(1)
CITING PRINT SOURCES IN MLA STYLE	1484	(2)
CITING INTERNET SOURCES IN MLA STYLE	1486	(1)
SAMPLE WORKS CITED LIST	1487	(1)
Concluding Thoughts	1488	(1)
Writing Assignment for Research Paper	1488	(7)
Sample Student Research Paper	1488	(7)
Reference Guide for Citations	1495	(7)
42 Writing an Essay Exam	1502	(4)
CHECKLIST
Exam Preparation	1506	(1)
Taking the Exam	1506	(1)
43 Critical Approaches to Literature	1507	(1)
Formalist Criticism	1508	(2)
Cleanth Brooks
THE FORMALIST CRITIC	1508	(1)
Michael Clark
LIGHT AND DARKNESS IN "SONNY'S BLUES"	1509	(1)
Biographical Criticism	1510	(3)
Brett C. Millier
ON ELIZABETH BISHOP'S "ONE ART'	1511	(1)
Emily Toth
THE SOURCE FOR ALCÉE LABALLIÈRE IN THE STORM	1512	(1)
Historical Criticism	1513	(4)
Hugh Kenner
IMAGISM	1514	(1)
Kathryn Lee Seidel
THE ECONOMICS OF ZORA NEALE HURSTON "SWEAT"	1515	(2)
Psychological Criticism	1517	(2)
Sigmund Freud
THE NATURE OF DREAMS	1518	(1)
Harold Bloom
POETIC INFLUENCE	1519	(1)
Mythological Criticism	1519	(4)
Carl Jung
THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS AND ARCHETYPES	1520	(1)
Edmond Volpe
MYTH IN FAULKNER'S "BARN BURNING"	1521	(2)
Sociological Criticism	1523	(3)
Georg Lukacs
CONTENT DETERMINES FORM	1524	(1)
Daniel P. Watkins
MONEY AND LABOR IN "THE ROCKING-HORSE WINNER"	1524	(2)
Gender Criticism	1526	(2)
Elaine Showalter
TOWARD A FEMINIST POETICS	1526	(1)
Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar
THE FREEDOM OF EMILY DICKINSON	1527	(1)
Reader-Response Criticism	1528	(4)
Stanley Fish
AN ESKIMO "A ROSE FOR EMILY"	1529	(1)
Robert Scholes
"HOW DO WE MAKE A POEM?"	1530	(2)
Deconstructionist Criticism	1532	(2)
Roland Barthes
THE DEATH OF THE AUTHOR	1532	(1)
Geoffrey Hartman
ON WORDSWORTH'S "A SLUMBER DID MY SPIRIT SEAL"	1533	(1)
Cultural Studies	1534
Vincent B. Leitch
POSTSTRUCTURALIST CULTURAL CRITIQUE	1536	(1)
Mark Bauerlein
WHAT IS CULTURAL STUDIES?	1537
Glossary of Literary Terms	G1
Acknowledgments	A1
Index of First Lines of Poetry	I1
Index of Authors and Titles	I5
Index of Literary Terms	I20