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9780130100764

Literature : An Introduction to Reading and Writing

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780130100764

  • ISBN10:

    0130100765

  • Edition: 5th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 1998-01-01
  • Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Summary

This edition emphasizes research writing and critical approaches to literature. Including 60 stories, 388 poems, and 17 dramatic works, this book offers a balanced collection of works by male and female authors of different ethnic, political, economic, cultural, and religious backgrounds. In addition to carefully chosen literary selections, each chapter contains detailed information on and sample essays for writing about literature.

Table of Contents

Thematic Table of Contents xxxii
Preface to the fifth Edition xlii
Introduction: Reading, Responding to, And Writing About Literature
1(48)
What Is Literature, and Why Do We Study It?
1(1)
Types of Literature: The Genres
2(1)
Reading Literature and Responding to It Actively
3(1)
Guy de Maupassant
The Necklace
3(8)
Reading and Responding in a Journal
11(3)
Writing Essays on Literary Topics
14(1)
Discovering Ideas
15(4)
Drafting Your Essay
19(3)
Writing a First Draft
22(3)
Sample student Essay, First Draft: ``How Setting in `The Necklace' Is Related to the Character of Mathilde,''
25(1)
Developing and Strengthening Your Essay: Revision
26(4)
Checking Development and Organization
30(2)
Using Exact, Comprehensive, and Forceful Language
32(2)
Sample Student Essay, Final Draft: ``Maupassant's Use of Setting in `The Necklace' to Show the Character of Mathilde,''
34(3)
Essay Commentaries
37(1)
Special Writing Topics for Studying the Writing Process
37(1)
Responding to Literature: Likes and Dislikes
38(1)
Responding Favorably
39(1)
Responding Unfavorably
39(3)
Writing about Responses: Likes and Dislikes
42(1)
Sample Student Essay: ``Some Reasons for Liking Maupassant's `The Necklace,'''
43(2)
Special Writing Topics for Responding to Literature
45(4)
Reading and Writing about Fiction
Fiction: An Overview
49(56)
Modern Fiction
50(1)
The Short Story
51(1)
Elements of Fiction I: Verisimilitude and Donnee
52(1)
Elements of Fiction II: Character, Plot, Structure, and Theme
53(3)
Elements of Fiction III: The Writer's Tools
56(5)
Stories For Study
61(44)
The Widow of Ephesus
62(3)
Gaius Petronius
An Old-Fashioned Story
65(9)
Laurie Colwin
The Things They Carried
74(12)
Tim O'Brien
Everyday Use
86(6)
Alice Walker
Taking Care
92(7)
Joy Williams
The Precis or Abridgment
99(1)
Guidelines for Precis Writing
100(2)
Writing a Precis
102(1)
Sample Student Essay: ``A Precis of Alice Walker's `Everyday Use,'''
102(2)
Special Writing Topics for Studying Fiction
104(1)
Plot And Structure: The Development And Organization Of Stories
105(45)
Plot, the Motivation and Causation of Fiction
105(2)
The Structure of Fiction
107(3)
Stories For Study
110(40)
The Blue Hotel
111(13)
Stephen Crane
What I Have Been Doing Lately
124(8)
Jamaica Kincaid
A Worn Path
132(6)
Eudora Welty
Blue Winds Dancing
138(4)
Tom Whitecloud
Writing about the Plot of a Story
142(1)
Sample Student Essay: ``The Plot of Eudora Welty's `A Worn Path,'''
143(2)
Writing about Structure in a Story
145(1)
Sample Student Essay: ``The Structure of Eudora Welty's `A Worn Path,'''
146(2)
Special Writing Topics for Studying Plot and Structure
148(2)
Characters: The People In Fiction
150(60)
Character Traits
151(1)
Distinguishing between Circumstances and Traits
152(1)
Types of Characters: Round and Flat
152(2)
How Is Character Disclosed in Fiction?
154(1)
Reality and Probability: Verisimilitude
155(1)
Stories For Study
156(54)
Paul's Case
157(13)
Willa Cather
Barn Burning
170(12)
William Faulkner
A Jury of Her Peers
182(15)
Susan Glaspell
Two Kinds
197(7)
Amy Tan
Writing about Characters
204(2)
Sample Student Essay: ``The Character of Minnie Wright in Glaspell's `A Jury of Her Peers,'''
206(3)
Special Writing Topics for Studying Character
209(1)
Point Of View: The Position Or Stance Of The Narrator Or Speaker
210(43)
An Exercise in Point of View: Reporting an Accident
211(2)
Conditions That Affect Point of View
213(1)
Kinds of Points of View
213(3)
Mingling Points of View
216(1)
Point of View and Verb Tense
217(1)
Guidelines for Points of View
217(1)
Stories For Study
218(35)
I'm A Fool
219(7)
Sherwood Anderson
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
226(7)
Ambrose Bierce
The Lottery
233(6)
Shirley Jackson
Miss Brill
239(3)
Katherine Mansfield
How to Become a Writer
242(5)
Lorrie Moore
Writing about Point of View
247(2)
Sample Student Essay: ``Ambrose Bierce's Control over Point of View in `An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge,'''
249(3)
Special Writing Topics for Studying Point of View
252(1)
Setting: The Background Of Place, Objects, And Culture In Stories
253(34)
What Is Setting?
253(2)
The Literary Uses of Setting
255(3)
Stories For Study
258(29)
The House on Mango Street
258(2)
Sandra Cisneros
The Portable Phonograph
260(5)
Walter Van Tilburg Clark
And Sarah Laughed
265(9)
Joanne Greenberg
The Shawl
274(3)
Cynthia Ozick
The Cask of Amontillado
277(5)
Edgar Allan Poe
Writing about Setting
282(2)
Sample Student Essay: ``Edgar Allan Poe's Use of Setting to Create a Mood of Horror and Repulsion in `The Cask of Amontillado,'''
284(2)
Special Writing Topics for Studying Setting
286(1)
Style: The Words That Tell The Story
287(40)
Diction: Choice of Words
287(4)
Rhetoric
291(2)
Style in General
293(1)
Stories For Study
294(33)
Soldier's Home
295(5)
Ernest Hemingway
The Found Boat
300(7)
Alice Munro
First Confession
307(6)
Frank O'Connor
Luck
313(3)
Mark Twain
A & P
316(5)
John Updike
Writing about Style
321(2)
Sample Student Essay: ``O'Connor's Stylistic Economy and Control in `First Confession,'''
323(2)
Special Writing Topics for Studying Style
325(2)
Tone: The Expression Of Attitude In Fiction
327(41)
Tone and Attitudes
329(1)
Tone and Humor
330(1)
Tone and Irony
331(2)
Stories For Study
333(35)
Rape Fantasies
334(6)
Margaret Atwood
The Story of an Hour
340(3)
Kate Chopin
The Chaser
343(2)
John Collier
The Concert Stages of Europe
345(13)
Jack Hodgins
The Hammon and the Beans
358(4)
Americo Paredes
Writing about Tone
362(2)
Sample Student Essay: ``The Situational and Verbal Irony of Collier's `The Chaser,'''
364(2)
Special Writing Topics for Studying Tone
366(2)
Symbolism And Allegory: Keys To Extended Meaning
368(36)
Symbolism
368(3)
Allegory
371(1)
Fable, Parable, and Myth
372(1)
Allusion in Symbolism and Allegory
373(1)
Stories For Study
374(30)
The Fox and the Grapes
374(1)
Aesop
The Myth of Atalanta
375(1)
Anonymous
Young Goodman Brown
376(10)
Nathaniel Hawthorne
The Parable of the Prodigal Son
386(1)
St. Luke
The Chrysanthemums
387(8)
John Steinbeck
The Thimble
395(2)
Michel Tremblay
Writing about Symbolism or Allegory
397(3)
Sample Student Essay: ``Allegory and Symbolism in Hawthorne's `Young Goodman Brown,'''
400(2)
Special Writing Topics for Studying Symbolism and Allegory
402(2)
Idea Or Theme: The Meaning And The Message In Fiction
404(52)
Ideas and Assertions
404(2)
Ideas and Values
406(1)
The Place of Ideas in Literature
406(1)
How to Find Ideas
407(3)
Stories for Study
410(46)
The Sky Is Gray
410(20)
Ernest J. Gaines
Araby
430(4)
James Joyce
The Horse Dealer's Daughter
434(12)
D. H. Lawrence
Home Soil
446(4)
Irene Zabytko
Writing about Meaning in Fiction
450(2)
Sample Student Essay: ``The Idea in D. H. Lawrence's `The Horse Dealer's Daughter' That Human Destiny Is to Love,''
452(2)
Special Writing Topics for Studying Ideas
454(2)
A Career In Fiction: A Collection Of Stories
456(59)
Edgar Allan Poe
Poe's Life and Career
456(1)
Poe's Work as a Journalist and Writer of Fiction
457(2)
Poe's Reputation
459(1)
Bibliographic Sources
460(1)
Writing Topics about Poe
461(1)
Stories Of Poe Arranged In Chronological Order
461(35)
The Fall of the House of Usher (1839)
461(12)
The Masque of the Red Death (1842)
473(4)
The Black Cat (1843)
477(6)
The Purloined Letter (1844)
483(13)
[Note: See also ``The Cask of Amontillado'' in Chapter 6, p. 277.]
Edited Selections From Criticism Of Poe's Stories
496(19)
Introduction to Great Short Works of Edgar Allan Poe: ``Poe's Irony,''
496(1)
G. R. Thompson's
``The Narrators of `The Cask of Amontillado' and `The Fall of the House of Usher,'''
497(1)
```The Fall of the House of Usher,'''
498(1)
```The Black Cat' and `The Tell-Tale Heart,'''
499(1)
```Dupin of `The Purloined Letter,'''
499(1)
and ```The Masque of the Red Death,'''
499(1)
Seer and Craftsman: ```The Purloined Letter,' Dupin as Transcendental Hero,''
500(3)
Stuart Levine's Edgar Poe
``Poe's Art of Transformation: `The Cask of Amontillado in Its Cultural Context''': ``Sources and Analogues of `The Cask of Amontillado,'''
503(7)
David S. Reynolds's
Introduction to Twentieth-Century Interpretations of ``The Fall of the House of Usher'': ``Poe's Idea of Unity and `The Fall of the House of Usher,'''
510(1)
Thomas Woodson's
``The Question of Poe's Narrators'' from The Recognition of Edgar Allan Poe: ``The Narrators of `The Cask of Amontillado' and `The Black Cat,'''
511(2)
James W. Gargano's
Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy: ```The Masque of the Red Death,'''
513(2)
Jeffry Meyers
Stories For Additional Study
515(84)
Raymond's Run
516(5)
Toni Cade Bambara
Snow
521(6)
Robert Olen Butler
Neighbors
527(4)
Raymond Carver
All Gone
531(7)
Stephen Dixon
The Curse
538(4)
Andre Dubus
The Yellow Wallpaper
542(11)
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
The Loons
553(7)
Margaret Laurence
The Old Chief Mshlanga
560(7)
Doris Lessing
A Good Man Is Hard to Find
567(11)
Flannery O'Connor
I Stand Here Ironing
578(5)
Tillie Olsen
Goodbye, and Good Luck
583(6)
Grace Paley
The Jilting of Granny Weatherall
589(10)
Katherine Anne Porter
Reading and Writing about Poetry
Meeting Poetry: An Overview
599(24)
The Nature of Poetry
599(1)
Schoolsville
599(2)
Billy Collins
Here a Pretty Baby Lies
601(1)
Robert Herrick
Poetry of the English Language
602(1)
How to Read a Poem
603(1)
Studying Poetry
604(1)
Sir Patrick Spens
605(2)
Anonymous
Poems For Study
607(16)
Because I Could Not Stop for Death
608(1)
Emily Dickinson
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
608(1)
Robert Frost
The Man He Killed
609(1)
Thomas Hardy
Eagle Poem
610(1)
Joy Harjo
Loveliest of Trees
611(1)
A. E. Housman
The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner
612(1)
Randall Jarrell
Snow
612(1)
Louis MacNeice
Ogichidag
613(1)
Jim Northrup
Where Children Live
614(1)
Naomi Shihab Nye
Sonnet 55: Not Marble, Nor the Gilded Monuments
614(1)
William Shakespeare
Two Hangovers
615(1)
James Wright
Writing a Paraphrase of a Poem
616(1)
Sample Student Essay: ``A Paraphrase of Thomas Hardy's `The Man He Killed,'''
617(1)
Writing an Explication of a Poem
618(2)
Sample Student Essay: ``An Explication of Hardy's `The Man He Killed,'''
620(2)
Special Writing Topics for Studying the Nature of Poetry
622(1)
Character and Setting: Who, What, Where, And When In Poetry
623(31)
Characters in Poetry
623(1)
Western Wind
624(1)
Anonymous
Bonny George Campbell
625(2)
Anonymous
Drink to Me, Only, with Thine Eyes
627(1)
Ben Jonson
To the Reader
628(1)
Ben Jonson
Setting and Character in Poetry
629(1)
Poems For Study
630(24)
Dover Beach
630(1)
Matthew Arnold
London
631(1)
William Blake
My Last Duchess
632(2)
Robert Browning
Snowdrops
634(1)
Louise Gluck
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
634(4)
Thomas Gray
The Walk
638(1)
Thomas Hardy
Channel Firing
638(2)
Thomas Hardy
Song
640(1)
C. Day Lewis
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
640(1)
Christopher Marlowe
Wellfleet Sabbath
641(1)
Marge Piercy
Poem
642(1)
Al Purdy
The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd
643(1)
Sir Walter Raleigh
A Christmas Carol
644(1)
Christina Rossetti
A Letter Sent to Summer
645(1)
Jane Shore
Childhood
646(1)
Maura Stanton
A Blessing
647(1)
James Wright
Writing about Character and Setting in Poetry
648(2)
Sample Student Essay: ``The Character of the Duke in Browning's `My Last Duchess,'''
650(3)
Special Writing Topics for Studying Character and Setting in Poetry
653(1)
Words: The Building Blocks Of Poetry
654(26)
Choice of Diction: Specific and Concrete vs. General and Abstract
654(1)
Levels of Diction
655(1)
Special Types of Diction
656(2)
Decorum
658(1)
Syntax
658(2)
Denotation and Connotation
660(1)
The Naked and the Nude
661(1)
Robert Graves
Poems For Study
662(18)
The Lamb
663(1)
William Blake
Green Grow the Rashes, O
663(2)
Robert Burns
Jabberwocky
665(1)
Lewis Carroll
Holy Sonnet 14: Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God
666(1)
John Donne
The Fury of Aerial Bombardment
667(1)
Richard Eberhart
Sonnet on the Death of Richard West
667(1)
Thomas Gray
Night Sounds
668(1)
Carolyn Kizer
Hello, Hello Henry
669(1)
Maxine Kumin
Naming of Parts
670(1)
Henry Reed
Richard Cory
671(1)
Edwin Arlington Robinson
Dolor
672(1)
Theodore Roethke
I Think Continually of Those Who Were Truly Great
672(1)
Stephen Spender
Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock
673(1)
Wallace Stevens
Eating Poetry
674(1)
Mark Strand
Writing about Diction and Syntax in Poetry
674(2)
Sample Student Essay: ``Extraordinary Definitions in Sir Stephen Spender's `I Think Continually of Those Who Were Truly Great,'''
676(2)
Special Writing Topics for Studying the Words of Poetry
678(2)
Imagery: The Poem's Link To The Senses
680(26)
Responses and the Writer's Use of Detail
680(1)
Imagery, Ideas, and Attitudes
681(1)
Classification of Imagery
681(1)
Cargoes
682(1)
John Masefield
Anthem for Doomed Youth
683(2)
Wilfred Owen
The Fish
685(2)
Elizabeth Bishop
Poems For Study
687(19)
The Tyger
688(1)
William Blake
Sonnets from the Portugese, No 14: If Thou Must Love Me
689(1)
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Kubla Khan
689(2)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
On Our Crucified Lord, Naked and Bloody
691(1)
Richard Crashaw
Heat
692(1)
H. D. (Hilda Doolittle)
Preludes
692(2)
T. S. Eliot
The Pulley
694(1)
George Herbert
Spring
695(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
A Time Past
695(1)
Denise Levertov
Photos of a Salt Mine
696(2)
P. K. Page
In a Station of the Metro
698(1)
Ezra Pound
Sonnet 130: My Mistress' Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun
699(1)
William Shakespeare
``It's Only Rock and Roll, but I Like It'': The Fall of Saigon
699(1)
David Wojahn
Writing about Imagery
700(2)
Sample Student Essay: ``The Images of Masefield's `Cargoes,'''
702(2)
Special Writing Topics for Studying Imagery in Poetry
704(2)
Rhetorical Figures: A Source Of Depth And Range In Poetry
706(31)
Metaphor and Simile: The Major Rhetorical Figures
706(2)
On First Looking into Chapman's Homer
708(1)
John Keats
Other Rhetorical Figures
709(1)
Bright Star
710(2)
John Keats
Let Us Take the Road
712(1)
John Gay
Poems for Study
713(24)
Rain Towards Morning
714(1)
Elizabeth Bishop
A Red, Red Rose
715(1)
Robert Burns
A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
715(2)
John Donne
Eyes That Last I Saw in Tears
717(1)
T. S. Eliot
Harlem
718(1)
Langston Hughes
To Autumn
718(1)
John Keats
Portrait of a Figure Near Water
719(1)
Jane Kenyon
Sic Vita
720(1)
Henry King
Conjoined
721(1)
Judith Minty
Exit, Pursued by a Bear
722(1)
Ogden Nash
A Work of Artifice
723(1)
Marge Piercy
Metaphors
724(1)
Sylvia Plath
Looking at Each Other
724(1)
Muriel Rukeyser
Sonet 18: Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?
725(1)
William Shakespeare
Sonnet 30: When to the Sessions of Sweet Silent Thought
726(1)
William Shakespeare
Inside Out
727(1)
Diane Wakoski
Facing West from California's Shores
728(1)
Walt Whitman
London, 1802
729(1)
William Wordsworth
I Find No Peace
729(1)
Sir Thomas Wyatt
Writing about Rhetorical Figures
730(3)
Sample Student Essay: ``A Paragraph: Wordsworth's Use of Overstatement in `London, 1802'''
733(1)
Sample Student Essay: ``A Study of Shakespeare's Metaphors in Sonnet 30,''
734(1)
Special Writing Topics for Studying Rhetorical Figures in Poetry
735(2)
Tone: The Creation Of Attitude In Poetry
737(28)
Tone, Choice, and Response
738(1)
The First-Rate Wife
738(1)
Cornelius Whur
Tone and the Need for Control
739(1)
Dulce et Decorum Est
740(1)
Wilfred Owen
Tone and Common Grounds of Assent
741(1)
Tone and Irony
742(1)
The Workbox
742(2)
Thomas Hardy
Tone and Satire
744(1)
Epigram from the French
745(1)
Alexander Pope
Epigram, Engraved on the Collar of a Dog which I gave to his Royal Highness
745(1)
Alexander Pope
Poems For Study
746(19)
The Author to Her Book
746(1)
Anne Bradstreet
homage to my hips
747(1)
Lucille Clifton
she being Brand / -new
748(1)
E. E. Cummings
I Am a Black Woman
749(1)
Mari Evans
Theme for English B
750(2)
Langston Hughes
John while swimming in the ocean
752(1)
X. J. Kennedy
The Planned Child
752(1)
Sharon Olds
Late Movies with Skyler
753(1)
Michael Ondaatje
from Epilogue to the Satires, Dialogue I
754(2)
Alexander Pope
Auschwitz
756(2)
Salvatore Quasimodo
My Papa's Waltz
758(1)
Theodore Roethke
Dimensions
758(1)
C. K. Williams
Writing about Tone in Poetry
759(2)
Sample Student Essay: ``The Shifting Attitudes of Sharon Olds's Speaker in `The Planned Child,'''
761(3)
Special Writing Topics for Studying Tone in Poetry
764(1)
Prosody: Sound, Rhythm, And Rhyme In Poetry
765(46)
Important Definitions for Studying Prosody
765(1)
Vowel and Consonant Sounds
766(1)
Sound and Spelling
767(1)
Rhythm
767(3)
Special Meters
770(3)
Segmental Poetic Devices
773(2)
Rhyme
775(4)
Poems For Study
779(32)
We Real Cool
780(1)
Gwendolyn Brooks
To Hear an Oriole Sing
780(1)
Emily Dickinson
The Sun Rising
781(1)
John Donne
Macavity: The Mystery Cat
782(1)
T. S. Eliot
At a Summer Hotel
783(1)
Isabella Gardner
Upon Julia's Voice
784(1)
Robert Herrick
God's Grandeur
784(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
Let America Be America Again
785(2)
Langston Hughes
A Theory of Prosody
787(1)
Philip Levine
The Bells
788(3)
Edgar Allan Poe
Miniver Cheevy
791(1)
Edwin Arlington Robinson
Sonnet 73: That Time of Year Thou May'st in Me Behold
792(1)
William Shakespeare
A Description of the Morning
793(1)
Jonathan Swift
from Idylls of the King: The Passing of Arthur (lines 344--393)
794(1)
Alfred
Lord Tennyson
March for a One-Man Band
795(1)
David Wagoner
Writing about Prosody
796(4)
The Passing of Arthur (fragment)
800
Alfred
Lord Tennyson
Sample Student Essay: ``A Study of Tennyson's Rhythm and Segments in `The Passing of Arthur,' 349--360,''
799(7)
Echo
806(1)
Christina Rossetti
Sample Student Essay: ``The Rhymes in Christina Rossetti's `Echo,'''
806(3)
Special Writing Topics for Studying Prosody
809(2)
Form: The Shape Of The Poem
811(41)
Closed-Form Poetry
811(2)
The Eagle
813(3)
Alfred
Lord Tennyson
Spun in High, Dark Clouds
816(1)
Anonymous
Epitaph on the Stanton-Harcourt Lovers
816(1)
Alexander Pope
What Is an Epigram?
816(1)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
A Diner While Dining at Crewe
817(1)
Anonymous
There Once Was a Man from Tarentum
817(1)
Anonymous
George the Third
817(1)
E. C. Bentley
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
817(1)
E. C. Bentley
Nominalism
818(1)
Anthony Hecht
Sonnet 116: Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds
818(1)
William Shakespeare
Open-Form Poetry
819(1)
Reconciliation
820(1)
Walt Whitman
Visual and Concrete Poetry
821(1)
Easter Wings
822(1)
George Herbert
Poems For Study
823(29)
Buffalo Bill's Defunct
824(1)
E. E. Cummings
To the Memory of Mr. Oldham
825(1)
John Dryden
Desert Places
826(1)
Robert Frost
A Supermarket in California
826(1)
Allen Ginsberg
Nikki-Rosa
827(1)
Nikki Giovanni
Museum
828(1)
Robert Hass
Virtue
829(1)
George Herbert
Mantle
830(1)
William Heyen
Swan and Shadow
831(1)
John Hollander
Ode to a Nightingale
832(3)
John Keats
In Bondage
835(1)
Claude McKay
When I Consider How My Light Is Spent
835(1)
John Milton
Ballad of Birmingham
836(1)
Dudley Randall
Ode to the West Wind
837(3)
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Ozymandias
840(1)
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Women
841(1)
May Swenson
Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night
842(1)
Dylan Thomas
Reapers
842(1)
Jean Toomer
The Shape of History
843(1)
Charles H. Webb
Poetics Against the Angel of Death
844(1)
Phyllis Webb
The Dance
845(1)
William Carlos Williams
Writing about Form in Poetry
846(2)
Sample Student Essay: ``Form and Meaning in Herbert's `Virtue,'''
848(2)
Special Writing Topics for Studying Poetic Form
850(2)
Symbolism And Allusion: Windows To A Wide Expanse Of Meaning
852(29)
Symbolism and Meaning in Poetry
852(2)
Snow
854(3)
Virginia Scott
Allusion and Meaning in Poetry
857(1)
Studying for Symbols and Allusions
858(1)
Poems For Study
859(22)
In Just-
860(1)
E. E. Cummings
The Canonization
861(2)
John Donne
Collage of Echoes
863(1)
Isabella Gardner
The Geese
863(1)
Jorie Graham
In Time of ``The Breaking of Nations,''
864(1)
Thomas Hardy
The Collar
865(1)
George Herbert
The Purse-Seine
866(2)
Robinson Jeffers
La Belle Dame Sans Merci
868(2)
John Keats
Old Men Pitching Horseshoes
870(1)
X. J. Kennedy
Real Estate
870(2)
Carol Muske
Wild Geese
872(1)
Mary Oliver
A Noiseless Patient Spider
872(1)
Walt Whitman
The Second Coming
873(1)
William Butler Yeats
Writing about Symbolism and Allusion in Poetry
874(3)
Sample Student Essay: ``Symbolism and Allusion in Yeats's `The Second Coming,'''
877(2)
Special Writing Topics for Studying Symbolism and Allusion in Poetry
879(2)
Myth: Systems Of Symbolic Allusion In Poetry
881(30)
Mythology as an Explanation of How Things Are
881(3)
Mythology and Literature
884(2)
Leda and the Swan
886(2)
William Butler Yeats
Seven Poems Related to Homer's Odyssey
888(1)
Poems For Study
888(8)
Siren Song
889(1)
Margaret Atwood
Circe
890(1)
Olga Broumas
Odysseus
891(1)
W. S. Merwin
Penelope
891(1)
Dorothy Parker
The Suitor
892(1)
Linda Pastan
Ulysses
893(2)
Alfred
Lord Tennyson
Odyssey: 20 Years Later
895(1)
Peter Ulisse
Seven Poems about the Story of Icarus
895(1)
Poems For Study
896(6)
Flight 063
896(1)
Brian W. Aldiss
Musee des Beaux Arts
897(1)
W. H. Auden
Icarus
898(1)
Edward Field
Waiting for Icarus
899(1)
Muriel Rukeyser
To a Friend Whose Work Has Come to Triumph
900(1)
Anne Sexton
Icarus
901(1)
Stephen Spender
Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
901(1)
William Carlos Williams
Two Poems Related to the Phoenix
902(1)
Poems For Study
902(2)
Berceuse
903(1)
Amy Clampitt
The Phoenix Again
903(1)
May Sarton
A Poem about Oedipus
904(1)
Poems For Study
904(7)
Myth
905(1)
Muriel Rukeyser
Writing about Myth in Poetry
906(1)
Sample Student Essay: ``Myth and Meaning in Dorothy Parker's `Penelope,'''
907(3)
Special Writing Topics for Studying Myth in Poetry
910(1)
Meaning: Idea And Theme in Poetry
911(31)
Meaning, Power, and Poetic Thought
912(1)
Problems in Understanding Poetic Meaning
913(1)
Meaning and Poetic Techniques
914(3)
True Love
917(1)
Judith Viorst
Poems For Study
918(24)
Beach Glass
918(2)
Amy Clampitt
next to of course god america i
920(1)
E. E. Cummings
A Song for St. Cecilia's Day
921(2)
John Dryden
Whip-poor-will
923(1)
Donald Hall
To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time
924(1)
Robert Herrick
To Celia
925(1)
Ben Jonson
On the Death of Friends in Childhood
926(1)
Donald Justice
Ode on a Grecian Urn
926(3)
John Keats
Next, Please
929(1)
Philip Larkin
Ars Poetica
930(1)
Archibald MacLeish
To His Coy Mistress
931(1)
Andrew Marvell
Poetry
932(1)
Marianne Moore
35/10
933(1)
Sharon Olds
Ethics
934(1)
Linda Pastan
My Physics Teacher
935(1)
David Wagoner
Writing about Theme and Meaning in Poetry
936(2)
Sample Student Essay: ``Metaphor and Meaning in Larkin's `Next, Please,'''
938(2)
Special Writing Topics for Studying Meaning in Poetry
940(2)
Three Poetic Careers
942(79)
William Wordsworth
Emily Dickinson
Robert Frost
William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
942(8)
Life and Work
942(3)
Wordsworth and Romanticism
945(1)
My Heart Leaps Up
945(3)
William Wordsworth
Wordsworth's Poetic Diction
948(1)
Bibliographic Sources
948(1)
Writing Topics for Wordsworth
949(1)
Poems
950(1)
William Wordsworth
Blank Verse poems
From the Prelude, Book I, lines 301-474
950(4)
Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey
954(4)
Stanzaic poems
Daffodils (I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud)
958(1)
Lines Written in Early Spring
958(1)
Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood
959(5)
Expostulation and Reply
964(1)
The Tables Turned
965(1)
Stepping Westward
966(1)
The Solitary Reaper
966(1)
Sonnets
Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802
967(1)
I Grieved for Buonaparte with a Vain
968(1)
It Is a Beauteous Evening
968(1)
On the Extinction of the Venetian Republic
968(1)
Scorn Not the Sonnet
969(1)
To Toussaint L'Ouverture
969(1)
Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)
970(7)
Life and Work
970(2)
Poetic Characteristics
972(1)
Poetic Subjects
973(2)
Bibliographic Sources
975(1)
Writing Topics for Dickinson
976(1)
Poems
977(10)
Emily Dickinson
After Great Pain, a Formal Feeling Comes (Poem 341)
977(1)
The Bustle in a House (Poem 1078)
978(1)
``Faith'' Is a Fine Invention (Poem 185)
978(1)
The Heart Is the Capital of the Mind (Poem 1354)
978(1)
I Cannot Live with You (Poem 640)
978(2)
I Died for Beauty---but Was Scarce (Poem 449)
980(1)
I Heard a Fly Buzz---When I Died (Poem 465)
980(1)
I Like to See It Lap the Miles (Poem 585)
980(1)
I'm Nobody! Who Are You? (Poem 288)
981(1)
I Never Felt at Home---Below--- (Poem 413)
981(1)
I Never Lost as Much But Twice (Poem 49)
982(1)
I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed, (Poem 214)
982(1)
Much Madness Is Divinest Sense (Poem 435)
982(1)
My Life Closed Twice Before Its Close (Poem 1732)
983(1)
My Triumph Lasted Till the Drums (Poem 1227)
983(1)
One Need Not Be a Chamber---To Be Haunted (Poem 670)
983(1)
Safe in Their Alabaster Chambers (Poem 216)
984(1)
Some Keep the Sabbath Going to Church (Poem 324)
984(1)
The Soul Selects Her Own Society (Poem 303)
985(1)
Success Is Counted Sweetest (Poem 67)
985(1)
There's a Certain Slant of Light (Poem 258)
985(1)
This World Is Not Conclusion (Poem 501)
986(1)
Wild Nights---Wild Nights! (Poem 249)
986(1)
A Word Made Flesh Is Seldom (Poem 1651)
987(1)
Edited Selections From Criticism Of Dickinson's Poems, With An Emphasis On Poems Included In This Chapter
The Mind of the Poet
987(3)
Gelpi
Albert J.
Emily Dickinson
Dickinson: The Modern Idiom
990(5)
Porter
David
``The Undiscovered Continent'': Emily Dickinson and the Space of the Mind
995(3)
Juhasz
Suzanne
A Poet's Grammar
998(3)
Miller
Cristanne
Emily Dickinson
Personae and Performance
1001(2)
Phillips
Elizabeth
Emily Dickinson
Emily Dickinson
1003(5)
Kirby
Joan
Robert Frost (1874-1963)
1008(4)
Life and Work
1008(2)
Poetic Characteristics
1010(1)
Poetic Subjects
1011(1)
Bibliographic Sources
1011(1)
Writing Topics for Frost
1012(1)
Poems
1012(9)
Robert Frost
A Line-Storm Song (1913)
1013(1)
Mending Wall (1914)
1013(1)
Birches (1915)
1014(2)
The Road Not Taken (1915)
1016(1)
`Out, Out---' (1916)
1016(1)
The Oven Bird (1916)
1017(1)
Fire and Ice (1920)
1017(1)
Nothing Gold Can Stay (1923)
1018(1)
Misgiving (1923)
1018(1)
Acquainted with the Night (1928)
1018(1)
Design (1936)
1019(1)
The Strong Are Saying Nothing (1937)
1019(1)
A Considerable Speck (1942)
1020(1)
Poems For Additional Study
1021(102)
80-Proof
1021(1)
A. R. Ammons
My Arkansas
1022(1)
Maya Angelou
Barbara Allan
1022(6)
Anonymous
Healing Prayer from the Beautyway Chant
1028
Anonymous (Navajo)
Lord Randal
1024(1)
Anonymous
The Three Ravens
1025(1)
Anonymous
Waly, Waly
1026(1)
Anonymous
Variation on the Word Sleep
1027(1)
Margaret Atwood
The Unknown Citizen
1027(1)
W. H. Auden
Ka 'Ba
1028(1)
Imamu Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones)
Things We Dreamt We Died For
1029(1)
Marvin Bell
Can. Lit.
1029(1)
Earle Birney
Women
1030(1)
Louise Bogan
A Black Man Talks of Reaping
1031(1)
Arna Bontemps
To My Dear and Loving Husband
1031(1)
Anne Bradstreet
In Memory of My Father: Australia
1031(1)
Joseph Brodsky
Primer for Blacks
1032(1)
Gwendolyn Brooks
Sonnets from the Portugese: No. 43: How Do I Love Thee?
1033(1)
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Solioquy of the Spanish Cloister
1034(2)
Robert Browning
The Destruction of Sennacherib
1036(1)
Lord Byron
Cherry Ripe
1036(1)
Thomas Campion
this morning (for the girls of eastern high school)
1037(1)
Lucille Clifton
the poet
1038(1)
Lucille Clifton
`The killers that run...'
1038(1)
Leonard Cohen
Do Not Weep, Maiden, for War Is Kind
1039(1)
Stephen Crane
Yet Do I Marvel
1039(1)
Countee Cullen
if there are any heavens
1040(1)
E. E. Cummings
Kudzu
1040(2)
James Dickey
The Lifeguard
1042(2)
James Dickey
The Performance
1044(1)
James Dickey
The Good Morrow
1045(1)
John Donne
Holy Sonnet 6: This Is My Play's Last Scene
1046(1)
John Donne
Holy Sonnet 7: At the Round Earth's Imagined Corners
1046(1)
John Donne
Holy Sonnet 10: Death Be not Proud
1047(1)
John Donne
A Hymn to God the Father
1047(1)
John Donne
Song: Go, And Catch a Falling Star
1048(1)
John Donne
Since There's No Help
1048(1)
Michael Drayton
Sympathy
1049(1)
Paul Laurence Dunbar
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
1049(4)
T. S. Eliot
Naming the Animals
1053(1)
John Engels
Because One Is Always Forgotten
1053(1)
Carolyn Forche
Hiroshima Crewman
1054(1)
Dan Georgakas
Woman
1054(1)
Nikki Giovanni
Sonnet Ending with a Film Subtitle
1055(1)
Marilyn Hacker
Little Cosmic Dust Poem
1055(1)
John Haines
Scenic View
1056(1)
Donald Hall
Snapshot of Hue
1056(1)
Daniel Halpern
Summer in the Middle Class
1057(1)
Daniel Halpern
Leaves
1058(1)
H. S. (Sam) Hamod
She's Free!
1059(1)
Frances E. W. Harper
Called
1059(1)
Michael S. Harper
Spring Rain
1060(1)
Robert Hass
Those Winter Sundays
1061(1)
Robert Hayden
The Otter
1061(1)
Seamus Heaney
Love (III)
1062(1)
George Herbert
The Hair: Jacob Korman's Story
1063(1)
William Heyen
Advice to Young Ladies
1063(1)
A. D. Hope
Pied Beauty
1064(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
The Windhover
1065(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
Battle Hymn of the Republic
1065(1)
Julia Ward Howe
Negro
1066(1)
Langston Hughes
The Answer
1067(1)
Robinson Jeffers
Haiku
1067(1)
Etheridge Knight
Woodchuck
1068(1)
Maxine Kumin
Rhine Boat Trip
1069(1)
Irving Layton
A Final Thing
1070(1)
Li-Young Lee
In Computers
1071(1)
Alan P. Lightman
Every Traveler Has One Vermont Poem
1071(1)
Audre Lorde
To Lucasta, Going to the Wars
1072(1)
Richard Lovelace
Patterns
1072(3)
Amy Lowell
Dark Pines under Water
1075(1)
Gwendolyn McEwen
Lines
1075(1)
Heather McHugh
The White City
1076(1)
Claude McKay
What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, and Where, and Why
1076(1)
Edna St. Vincent Millay
Very Like a Whale
1077(1)
Ogden Nash
Life Cycle of Common Man
1078(1)
Howard Nemerov
wahbegan
1079(1)
Jim Northrup
Poem
1080(1)
Frank O'Hara
Ghosts
1080(2)
Mary Oliver
A Story of How a Wall Stands
1082(1)
Simon Ortiz
Resume
1083(1)
Dorothy Parker
Marks
1083(1)
Linda Pastan
The Secretary Chant
1083(1)
Marge Piercy
Will We Work Together?
1084(1)
Marge Piercy
Last Words
1085(1)
Sylvia Plath
Mirror
1085(1)
Sylvia Plath
Annabel Lee
1086(1)
Edgar Allan Poe
Archaeology
1087(1)
Katha Pollitt
The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter
1088(1)
Ezra Pound
Bells for John Whiteside's Daughter
1088(1)
John Crowe Ransom
Diving Into the Wreck
1089(2)
Adrienne Rich
The Waking
1091(1)
Theodore Roethke
In a Farmhouse
1092(1)
Luis Omar Salinas
right on: white america
1092(1)
Sonia Sanchez
Chicago
1093(1)
Carl Sandburg
Dreamers
1094(1)
Siegfried Sassoon
I Have a Rendezvous with Death
1094(1)
Alan Seeger
Fear No More the Heat o' the Sun
1095(1)
William Shakespeare
Sonnet 29: When in Disgrace with Fortune and Men's Eyes
1096(1)
William Shakespeare
Sonnet 146: Poor Soul, the Center of My Sinful Earth
1096(1)
William Shakespeare
Auto Wreck
1096(1)
Karl Shapiro
Astrophil and Stella, No. 71
1097(1)
Sir Philip Sidney
Where Mountain Lion Lay Down with Deer
1098(1)
Leslie Marmon Silko
Bluejays
1099(1)
Dave Smith
Not Waving But Drowning
1099(1)
Stevie Smith
These Trees Stand...
1099(1)
W. D. Snodgrass
Lost Sister
1100(2)
Cathy Song
Oranges
1102(1)
Gary Soto
Kearney Park
1103(1)
Gary Soto
Traveling Through the Dark
1104(1)
William Stafford
Burying an Animal on the Way to New York
1104(1)
Gerald Stern
The Emperor of Ice Cream
1104(1)
Wallace Stevens
The Remains
1105(1)
Mark Strand
Question
1105(1)
May Swenson
A Riddle (The Vowels)
1106(1)
Jonathan Swift
The Blue Booby
1106(1)
James Tate
A Refusal to Mourn the Death, by Fire, of a Child in London
1107(1)
Dylan Thomas
Blurry Cow
1108(1)
Chase Twichell
Perfection Wasted
1109(1)
John Updike
Advice to a God
1109(1)
Mona Van Duyn
Day-Long Day
1110(1)
Tino Villanueva
The Boxes
1111(1)
Shelly Wagner
Revolutionary Petunias
1112(1)
Alice Walker
Go, Lovely Rose
1113(1)
Edmund Waller
Heart of Autumn
1113(1)
Robert Penn Warren
Song of Napalm
1114(1)
Bruce Weigl
On Being Brought from Africa to America
1115(1)
Phillis Wheatley
Full of Life Now
1116(1)
Walt Whitman
Beat! Beat! Drums!
1116(1)
Walt Whitman
Dirge for Two Veterans
1116(1)
Walt Whitman
The Sirens
1117(1)
Richard Wilbur
The Red Wheelbarrow
1118(1)
William Carlos Williams
Sailing to Byzantium
1118(1)
William Butler Yeats
The Wild Swans at Coole
1119(1)
William Butler Yeats
The Day Zimmer Lost Religion
1120(3)
Paul Zimmer
Reading and Writing About Drama
The Dramatic Vision: An Overview
1123(57)
Drama as Literature and Drama as Performance
1124(10)
Types of Drama: Tragedy, Comedy, and Other Forms
1134(4)
Reading Plays
1138(2)
Plays For Study
The Bear
1140(9)
Anton Chekhov
Trifles
1149(12)
Susan Glaspell
Tea Party
1161(5)
Betty Keller
Before Breakfast
1166(6)
Eugene O'Neill
Writing about the Elements of Drama
1172(2)
Referring to Plays and Parts of Plays
1174(2)
Sample Student Essay: ``O'Neill's Use of Negative Descriptions and Stage Directions in Before Breakfast as a Means of Revealing Character,''
1176(2)
Special Writing Topics for Considering the Elements of Drama
1178(2)
The Tragic Vision: Affirmation Through Loss
1180(249)
The Origins of Tragedy
1181(2)
The Ancient Competitions in Tragedy
1183(2)
Aristotle and the Nature of Tragedy
1185(5)
Irony in Tragedy
1190(1)
The Ancient Athenian Audience and Theater
1191(2)
Tragic Actors and Their Costumes
1193(1)
Performance and the Formal Organization of Greek Tragedy
1194(3)
Oedipus the King
1197(39)
Sophocles
The Rebirth and Development of Drama in the Centuries before Shakespeare
1236(3)
Renaissance Drama and Shakespeare's Theater
1239(6)
Hamlet
1245(102)
William Shakespeare
Tragedy from Shakespeare to Arthur Miller
1347(4)
Death of a Salesman
1351(66)
Arthur Miller
Writing about Tragedy
1417(1)
An Essay About a Problem
1418(3)
Sample Student Essay: ``The Problem of Hamlet's Apparent Delay,''
1421(2)
An Essay on a Close Reading of a Passage
1423(2)
Sample Student Essay: ``Appearance and Reality: A Close Reading of Hamlet, Act I, Scene 2, Lines 76-86,''
1425(2)
Special Writing Topics for Considering Tragedy
1427(2)
The Comic Vision: Restoring The Balance
1429(110)
The Origins of Comedy
1429(3)
Comedy from Roman Times to the Renaissance
1432(1)
Comic Patterns, Characters, and Language
1432(2)
Types of Comedy
1434(4)
A Midsummer Night's Dream
1438(56)
William Shakespeare
The Theater of Moliere
1494(4)
Love Is the Doctor (L'Amour Medecin)
1498(18)
Moliere
Comedy from Moliere to the Present
1516(2)
Am I Blue
1518(15)
Beth Henley
Writing about Comedy
1533(3)
Sample Student Essay: ``Setting as Symbol and Comic Structure in A Midsummer Night's Dream,''
1536(2)
Special Writing Topics for Considering Comedy
1538(1)
Visions Of Dramatic Reality And Nonreality: Varying The Idea Of Drama As Imitation
1539(98)
Realism and Nonrealism in Drama
1539(3)
Elements of Realistic and Nonrealistic Drama
1542(2)
Plays For Study
1544(93)
The Sandbox
1546(8)
Edward Albee
Mulatto
1554(25)
Langston Hughes
The Glass Menagerie
1579(51)
Tennessee Williams
Writing about Realistic and Nonrealistic Drama
1630(3)
Sample Student Essay: ``Realism and Nonrealism in Tom's Triple Role in The Glass Menagerie,''
1633(2)
Special Writing Topics for Considering Dramatic Reality and Nonreality
1635(2)
Dramatic Vision And The Motion Picture Camera: Drama On The Silver (And Television) Screen
1637(24)
A Thumbnail History of Film
1637(1)
Stage Plays and Film
1638(1)
The Aesthetics of Film
1639(1)
The Techniques of Film
1640(4)
Film Scenes for Study
1644(2)
Shot 71 from the Shooting Script of Citizen Kane
1646(4)
Orson Welles
Herman J. Mankiewicz
A Scene from The Turning Point
1650(4)
Arthur Laurents
Writing about Film
1654(2)
Sample Student Essay: ``Citizen Kane: Whittling a Giant Down to Size,''
1656(3)
Special Writing Topics for Considering Film
1659(2)
A Career In Drama: Two Major Plays Of Henrik Ibsen
1661(138)
Ibsen's Life and Early Work
1661(1)
Ibsen's Major Prose Plays
1662(1)
Two Major Realistic Plays
1663(1)
Ibsen and the ``Well-Made Play,''
1644(21)
Ibsen's Timeliness and Dramatic Power
1665(1)
Bibliographic Studies
1666(1)
A Dollhouse (Et Dukkehjem)
1667(51)
An Enemy of the People (En Folkefiende)
1718(57)
Special Writing Topics for Considering Ibsen
1775(1)
Edited Selections from Criticism of Ibsen's Drama
1776(1)
From Hemmer,Bjorn, ``Ibsen and the Realistic Problem Drama,''
1776(5)
Meyers, Michael, Henrik Ibsen: The Farewell to Poetry 1864-1882
1781(4)
Templeton, Joan, ``The Doll House Backlash: Criticism, Feminism, and Ibsen,''
1785(4)
Witham, Barry, and John Lutterbie, ``A Marxist Approach to A Doll House,''
1789(3)
Hurt, James, Catiline's Dream: An Essay on Ibsen's Plays
1792(7)
Special Writing Topics about Literature
Writing And Documenting The Research Essay
1799(27)
Selecting a Topic
1800(1)
Setting Up a Bibliography
1801(1)
Online Library Services
1802(2)
Taking Notes and Paraphrasing Material
1804(8)
Documenting Your Work
1812(4)
Strategies for Organizing Ideas
1816(2)
Sample Student Research Essay: ``The Ghost in Hamlet''
1818(8)
Critical Approaches Important In The Study of Literature
1826(14)
Moral/Intellectual
1827(1)
Topical/Historical
1828(1)
New Critical/Formalist
1829(1)
Structuralist
1830(2)
Feminist
1832(1)
Economic Determinist/Marxist
1833(1)
Psychological/Psychoanalytic
1834(1)
Archetypal/Symbolic/Mythic
1835(1)
Deconstructionist
1836(2)
Reader-Response
1838(2)
Taking Examinations On Literature
1840(10)
Answer the Questions Asked
1840(2)
Preparation
1842(2)
Two Basic Types of Questions about Literature
1844(6)
Comparison-Contrast And Extended Comparison-Contrast: Learning By Seeing Literary Works Together
1850(14)
Guidelines for the Comparison-Contrast Method
1851(3)
The Extended Comparison-Contrast Essay
1854(1)
Writing a Comparison-Contrast Essay
1855(1)
Sample Student Essay (Two Works): ``The Treatment of Responses to War in Amy Lowell's `Patterns' and Wilfred Owen's `Anthem for Doomed Youth,'''
1856(3)
``Literary Treatments of the Conflicts Between Private and Public Life''
1859(3)
Special Writing Topics for Comparison and Contrast
1862(2)
Appendix: Brief Biographies Of The Poets In Part III 1864(28)
Glossary Of Literary Terms 1892(21)
Credits 1913(10)
Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines 1923

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