Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama

by Diyanni, Robert

• ISBN13: 9780072295078
• ISBN10: 0072295074
• Edition: Pamphlet
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-07-01
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill College

Summary

This anthology provides broad coverage for the three genres of literature--fiction, poetry, and drama--and exceptionally clear presentation of the elements of literature. The text has a clear and up-to-date chapter on critical theory that features helpful checklists. It also features Robert DiYanni's well-known three-part pedagogy that presents each of the three genres in light of a reader's experience, interpretation, and evaluation. The compact edition includes full coverage of writing about literature with 2 student papers in each chapter, incorporates a beautifully illustrated poetry section with four-color art, author biographies, and in-depth cverage of 8 writers: D.H. Lawrence, Flannery O'Connor, Sandra Cisneros, Emily Dickenson, Robert Frost, Langston Hughes, Sophocles (containing both Oedipus and Antigone), and Shakespeare (containing both Hamlet ant Othello).

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

READING (AND WRITING ABOUT) LITERATURE

Reading Literature

The Pleasures of Fiction

The Dog and the Shadow

Learning to Be Silent

The Pleasures of Poetry

Robert Frost, Dust of Snow

The Pleasures of Drama

Understanding Literature:

Experience, Interpretation, Evaluation

Writing About Literature

Reasons for Writing About Literature

Ways of Writing About Literature

Writing the Paper

Stephen Crane, War Is Kind

PART ONE: FICTION

CHAPTER 1: READING STORIES

The Prodigal Son

The Experience of Fiction

The Interpretation of Fiction

The Evaluation of Fiction

John Updike A&P

The Act of Reading Fiction

Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour

CHAPTER 2: TYPES OF SHORT FICTION

Early Forms: Parable, Fable, and Tale

Aesop, The Wolf and the Mastiff

Petronius, The Widow of Ephesus

The Short Story

The Nonrealistic Story

The Short Novel

CHAPTER 3: THE ELEMENTS OF FICTION

Plot and Structure

Frank O'Connor, Guests of the Nation

Character

Kay Boyle, Astronomer's Wife

Setting

Bobbie Ann Mason, Shiloh

Point of View

William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily

Language and Style

James Joyce, Araby

Theme

Eudora Welty, A Worn Path

Irony and Symbol

Edgar Allan Poe, The Black Cat

CHAPTER 4: WRITING ABOUT FICTION

Reasons for Writing About Fiction

Informal Ways of Writing About Fiction

Katherine Anne Porter, Magic

Formal Ways of Writing About Fiction

Student Papers on Fiction

Questions for Writing about Fiction

Suggestions for Writing

CHAPTER 5: THREE FICTION WRITERS IN CONTEXT

Reading D. H. Lawrence, Flannery O'Connor, and Sandra

Cisneros in Depth

Questions for In-Depth Reading

Introduction to D. H. Lawrence

Critical Comments by Lawrence from The Bright Book of

Life Man and Woman

Critics on Lawrence

D. H. Lawrence: Stories

The Blind Man

The Horse Dealer's Daughter

The Rocking-Horse Winner

Introduction to Flannery O'Connor

Critical Comments by O'Connor

On Symbol and Theme

On "A Good Man is Hard to Find"

On "Good Country People"

Critics on O'Connor

Flannery O'Connor: Stories

Good Country People

A Good Man Is Hard to Find

Everything That Rises Must Converge

Introduction to Sandra Cisneros

Cisneros on Herself

Critics on Cisneros

Sandra Cisneros: Stories

Eleven

Barbie-Q

There Was a Man, There Was a Woman

CHAPTER 6: A COLLECTION OF SHORT FICTION

Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown

Anton Chekhov, The Lady with the Dog

TRANSLATED BY CONSTANCE GARNETT

Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper

Luigi Pirandello, War

James Joyce, The Boarding House

James Joyce, The Dead

Katherine Anne Porter, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall

Ernest Hemingway, Soldier's Home

Jorge Luis Borges, The Garden of Forking Paths

TRANSLATED BY DONALD YATES

Isaac Bashevis Singer, Gimpel the Fool

TRANSLATED BY SAUL BELLOW

Tillie Olsen, I Stand Here Ironing

Ralph Ellison, Battle Royal

Jean Stafford, Bad Characters

Gabriel Garcia Marquez, A Very Old Man with Enormous

Wings

TRANSLATED BY GREGORY RABASSA

Margaret Atwood, Rape Fantasies

Raymond Carver, Cathedral

Alice Walker, Everyday Use

Lee K. Abbott, The View of Me from Mars

Jamaica Kincaid, Girl

Leslie Marmon Silko, Yellow Woman

Amy Tan, Rules of the Game

Louise Erdrich, American Horse

PART TWO: POETRY

CHAPTER 7: READING POEMS

The Experience of Poetry

Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays

The Interpretation of Poetry

Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

The Evaluation of Poetry

Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer's Tigers

The Act of Reading Poetry

Theodore Roethke, My Papa's Waltz

CHAPTER 8: TYPES OF POETRY

Narrative Poetry

Lyric Poetry

CHAPTER 9: ELEMENTS OF POETRY

Voice: Speaker and Tone

Stephen Crane, War Is Kind

Robert Browning, My Last Duchess

Muriel Stuart, In the Orchard

Gerard Manley Hopkins, Thou art indeed just, Lord

Anonymous, Western Wind

Henry Reed, Naming of Parts

Jacques Prevert, Family Portrait

Diction

William Wordsworth, I wandered lonely as a cloud

Edwin Arlington Robinson, Miniver Cheevy

William Wordsworth, It is a beauteous evening

Robert Herrick, Delight in Disorder

Adrienne Rich, Rape

Imagery

Elizabeth Bishop, First Death in Nova Scotia

William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree

Robert Browning, Meeting at Night

H. D. (Hilda Doolittle), Heat

Thomas Hardy, Neutral Tones

Figures of Speech: Simile and Metaphor

William Shakespeare, That time of year thou may'st in me behold

John Donne, Hymn to God the Father

Robert Wallace, The Double-Play

Louis Simpson, The Battle

Judith Wright, Woman to Child

Symbolism and Allegory

Peter Meinke, Advice to My Son

Christina Rossetti, Up-Hill

William Blake, A Poison Tree

Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken

George Herbert, Virtue

Emily Dickinson, Because I could not stop for Death

Syntax

John Donne, The Sun Rising

Thomas Hardy, The Man He Killed

William Butler Yeats, An Irish Airman Foresees His

Death

Robert Frost, The Silken Tent

E. E. Cummings, "Me up at does"

Stevie Smith, Mother Among the Dustbins

Sound: Rhyme, Alliteration, Assonance

Gerard Manley Hopkins, In the Valley of the Elwy

Thomas Hardy, During Wind and Rain

Alexander Pope, Sound and Sense

Bob McKenty, Adam's Song

May Swenson, The Universe

Helen Chasin, The Word Plum

Rhythm and Meter

Robert Frost, The Span of Life

George Gordon, Lord Byron The Destruction of

Sennacherib

Anne Sexton, Her Kind

William Carlos Williams, The Red Wheelbarrow

Structure: Closed Form and Open Form

John Keats, On First Looking into Chapman's Homer

Walt Whitman, When I heard the learn'd astronomer

E. E. Cummings, el(a

E. E. Cummings, [Buffalo Bill's]

William Carlos Williams, The Dance

Denise Levertov, O Taste and See

Theodore Roethke, The Waking

C. P. Cavafy, The City

TRANSLATED BY EDMUND KEELEY AND PHILIP SHERRARD

Theme

Emily Dickinson, Crumbling is not an instant's Act

CHAPTER 10: TRANSFORMATIONS

Revisions

William Blake, London

William Butler Yeats, A Dream of Death

Emily Dickinson, The Wind begun to knead (rock) the

Grass

D. H. Lawrence, (The) Piano

Parodies

William Carlos Williams, This Is Just to Say

Kenneth Koch, Variations on a Theme by William Carlos

Williams

Gerard Manley Hopkins, Carrion Comfort

Gary Layne Hatch, Terrier Torment; or, Mr.Hopkins and

His Dog

William Shakespeare, Shall I compare thee to a summer's

day

Howard Moss, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day

Robert Frost, Dust of Snow

Bob McKenty, Snow on Frost

Poems and Paintings

Vincent Van Gogh, The Starry Night

Anne Sexton, The Starry Night

Robert Fagles, The Starry Night

Francesco de Goya, The Third of May, 1808

Lawrence Ferlinghetti, In Goya's greatest scenes we seem to see

Francesco de Goya, from The Disasters of War

David Gewanter Goya's The Third of May, 1808

Pieter Breughel the Elder, Landscape with the Fall of

Icarus

W. H. Auden, Musée des Beaux Arts

Joseph Langland, Hunters in the Snow

Pieter Breughel, the Elder Hunters in the Snow

Edward Hopper, Sunday

E. Ward Herlands, When Edward Hopper Was Painting

William Blake, The Sick Rose (watercolor)

William Blake, The Sick Rose (poem)

Sandro Botticelli, Adoration of the Magi

T. S. Eliot, Journey of the Magi

Giotto di Bondone, Adoration of the Magi

William Butler Yeats, The Magi

Henri Matisse, Dance

Natalie Safir, Matisse's Dance

Pablo Picasso, Girl with a Mandolin

Vinnie-Marie D'Ambrosio, If I Were a Maker I'd

Pablo Picasso, Still Life with Pitcher, Bowl, & Fruit

Gustav Klimt, The Kiss

Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Short Story on a Painting of

Gustav Klimt

CHAPTER 11: WRITING ABOUT POETRY

Reasons for Writing About Poetry

Informal Ways of Writing About Poetry

Annotation

Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays

Freewriting

Robert Graves, Symptoms of Love

Formal Ways of Writing About Poetry

Student Papers of Poetry

Questions for Writing about Poetry

Suggestions for Writing

CHAPTER 12: THREE POETS IN CONTEXT

Reading Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, and Langston

Hughes in Depth

Questions for In-Depth Reading

Introduction to Emily Dickinson

Emily Dickinson, I cannot dance upon my Toes

Emily Dickinson, The Soul selects her own Society

Emily Dickinson on Herself and Her First Poems

Letter to Thomas Higginson

Critics on Dickinson

Three Poems by Dickinson with Altered Punctuation

Emily Dickinson: Poems

199 I'm "wife"--I've finished that

214 I taste a liquor never brewed

241 I like a look of Agony

249 Wild Nights--Wild Nights!

258 There's a certain Slant of light

280 I felt a Funeral, in my Brain

328 Some keep the Sabbath going to Church

341 After great pain, a formal feeling comes

348 I dreaded that first Robin, so

419 We grow accustomed to the Dark

435 Much Madness is divinest Sense

449 I died for Beauty--but was scarce

465 I heard a Fly buzz--when I died

536 The Heart asks Pleasure--first

585 I like to see it lap the Miles

599 There is a pain--so utter

632 The brain is wider than the sky

650 Pain--has an element of Blank

744 Remorse--is Memory--awake

754 My Life had stood--a Loaded Gun

986 A narrow Fellow in the Grass

1068 Further in Summer than the Birds

1078 The Bustle in a House

1100 The last Night that She lived

1129 Tell all the Truth but tell it slant

1463 A Route of Evanescence

1624 Apparently with no surprise

1732 My life closed twice before its close

Introduction to Robert Frost

Critical Comments by Frost

from The Figure a Poem Makes

from "The Constant Symbol"

from "The Unmade Word, Or Fetching and Far-Fetching"

Critics on Frost

Robert Frost: Poems

Mowing

The Tuft of Flowers

Mending Wall

Birches

Home Burial

Hyla Brook

Putting in the Seed

Fire and Ice

For Once, Then Something

Two Look at Two

Once by the Pacific

Acquainted with the Night

Tree at my Window

Departmental

Desert Places

Design

Provide, Provide

The Most of It

Introduction to Langston Hughes

Langston Hughes on Harlem

Critics on Hughes

Langston Hughes: Poems

Dream Deferred

Same in Blues

The Negro Speaks of Rivers

Mother to Son

I, Too

My People

The Weary Blues

Young Gal’s Blues

Morning After

Trumpet Player

Dream Boogie

Madam and the Rent Man

Theme for English #B

Aunt Sue’s Stories

Let America Be America Again

CHAPTER 13: A COLLECTION OF POEMS

Sappho, To me he seems like a god

Anonymous, Barbara Allan

Anonymous, Edward, Edward

Thomas Wyatt, They flee from me

Edmund Spenser, One day I wrote her name upon the strand

Sir Walter Raleigh, The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd

Christopher Marlowe, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love

William Shakespeare, When in disgrace with fortune and

men's eyes

William Shakespeare, Let me not to the marriage of true

minds

William Shakespeare, Th' expense of spirit in a waste

of shame

William Shakespeare, My mistress' eyes are nothing like

the sun

John Donne, Song

John Donne, The Canonization

John Donne, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning

John Donne, The Flea

John Donne, Death, be not proud

John Donne, Batter my heart, three-personed God

Ben Jonson, On My First Son

Ben Jonson, Song: To Celia

Robert Herrick, Upon Julia's Clothes

Robert Herrick, To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time

George Herbert, The Altar

John Milton, When I consider how my light is spent

John Milton, On the Late Massacre in Piedmont

Anne Bradstreet, To My Dear and Loving Husband

Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress

Alexander Pope, from An Essay on Man

William Blake, The Clod & and the Pebble

William Blake, The Lamb

William Blake, The Tyger

William Blake, The Garden of Love

Robert Burns, A Red, Red Rose

William Wordsworth, The world is too much with us

William Wordsworth, The Solitary Reaper

William Wordsworth, Composed upon Westminster Bridge,

September 3, 1802

William Wordsworth, Lines Composed a Few Miles above

Tintern Abbey

Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan

George Gordon, Lord Byron She walks in beauty

Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias

Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ode to the West Wind

John Keats, When I have fears that I may cease to be

John Keats, La Belle Dame sans Merci

John Keats, Ode to a Nightingale

John Keats, Ode on a Grecian Urn

Elizabeth Barrett Browning, How do I love thee?

Edgar Allan Poe, To Helen

Edgar Allan Poe, The Raven

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Eagle

Robert Browning, Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister

Walt Whitman, A noiseless patient spider

Walt Whitman, Crossing Brooklyn Ferry

Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach

Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky

Thomas Hardy, The Ruined Maid

Thomas Hardy, Channel Firing

Thomas Hardy, Afterwards

Gerard Manley Hopkins, God's Grandeur

Gerard Manley Hopkins, The Windhover

Gerard Manley Hopkins, Pied Beauty

Gerard Manley Hopkins, Spring and Fall: To a Young Child

A. E. Housman, When I was one-and-twenty

A. E. Housman, To an Athlete Dying Young

William Butler Yeats, The Second Coming

William Butler Yeats, The Wild Swans at Coole

William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan

William Butler Yeats, Sailing to Byzantium

Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory

Paul Laurence Dunbar, We wear the mask

Wallace Stevens, Thirteen Ways of Looking at a

Blackbird

William Carlos Williams, Spring and All

William Carlos Williams, Dance Russe

Ezra Pound, The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter

Marianne Moore, Poetry

T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

John Crowe Ransom, Piazza Piece

Vicente Huidobro, Ars Poetica

TRANSLATED BY DAVID M. GUSS

Archibald MacLeish, Ars Poetica

Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est

E. E. Cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how town

E. E. Cummings, i thank You God for this most amazing

Jean Toomer, Reapers

Countee Cullen, Incident

W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen

W. H. Auden, In Memory of W. B. Yeats

Theodore Roethke, Elegy for Jane

Elizabeth Bishop, Sestina

May Swenson, Women

William Stafford, Traveling through the Dark

Dylan Thomas, Fern Hill

Dylan Thomas, Do not go gentle into that good night

Gwendolyn Brooks, the mother

Gwendolyn Brooks, First fight. Then fiddle.

Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Constantly Risking Absurdity

Richard Wilbur, Death of a Toad

Philip Larkin, A Study of Reading Habits

Rosario Castellanos, Chess

TRANSLATED BY MAUREEN AHERN

Galway Kinnell, Saint Francis and the Sow

James Wright, Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy's

Farm in Pine Island, Minnesota

James Wright, A Blessing

Anne Sexton, Two Hands

A Selection of Contemporary Poems

Donald Hall, My son, my executioner

Gregory Corso, Marriage

Linda Pastan, Ethics

Slyvia Plath, Mirror

Audre Lorde, Hanging Fire

Lucille Clifton, Homage to My Hips

Marge Piercy, A Work of Artifice

Margaret Atwood, This Is a Photograph of Me

Raymond Carver, Photograph of My Father

Seamus Heaney, Mid-Term Break

Seamus Heaney, Digging

Nikki Giovanni, Ego Tripping

Sharon Olds, Size and Sheer Will

Tom Molito, Cosmic Simplicities

Jane Kenyon, Notes from the Other Side

Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It

Neal Bowers, Driving Lessons

Kraft Rompf, Waiting Table

Jimmy Santiago Baca, from Meditations on the South

Valley XVII

Rita Dove, Canary

Judith Ortiz Cofer, The Idea of Islands

Alberto Rios, A Dream of Husbands

Gertrude Schnackenberg, Signs

Gary Soto, Behind Grandma's House

Louise Erdrich, Indian Boarding School: The Runaways

PART THREE: DRAMA

CHAPTER 14: READING PLAYS

The Experience of Drama

Henrik Ibsen, A Doll House (I,i)

The Interpretation of Drama

The Evaluation of Drama

Sophocles, Antigoné (Scene II)

The Act of Reading Drama

Isabella Augusta Persse, Lady Gregory The Rising of the

Moon

CHAPTER 15: TYPES OF DRAMA

Tragedy

Comedy

Tragicomedy

CHAPTER 16: ELEMENTS OF DRAMA

Plot

Character

Dialogue

Staging

Theme

CHAPTER 17: WRITING ABOUT DRAMA

Reasons for Writing about Drama

Informal Ways of Writing About Drama

Annotation

Double-Column Notebook

Formal Ways of Writing About Drama

Student Papers on Drama

Questions for Writing About Drama

Questions for In-Depth Reading

Suggestions for Writing

CHAPTER 18: THE GREEK THEATER: SOPHOCLES IN CONTEXT

Introduction to Sophocles

Sophocles, Oedipus Rex

TRANSLATED BY DUDLEY FITTS AND ROBERT FITZGERALD

Sophocles, Antigoné TRANSLATED BY DUDLEY FITTS AND ROBERT FITZGERALD

Critics on Sophocles

CHAPTER 19: THE ELIZABETHAN THEATER: SHAKESPEARE IN

CONTEXT

Stagecraft in the Elizabethan Age

Introduction to Shakespeare

Othello

William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Othello

Edited by Alvin Kernan

Hamlet

William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark

Critics on Shakespeare

CHAPTER 20: THE MODERN REALISTIC THEATER: IBSEN

Introduction to Henrik Ibsen

Henrik Ibsen, A Doll House

TRANSLATED BY ROLF FJELDE

CHAPTER 21: A COLLECTION OF MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY

PLAYS

Isabella Augusta Persse, Lady Gregory, The Rising of

the Moon

John Millington Synge, Riders to the Sea

Susan Glaspell, Trifles

Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman

Lorraine Hansberry, A Raisin in the Sun

Terrence McNally, Andre's Mother

August Wilson, Fences

Wendy Wasserstein, Tender Offer

Josefina López, Simply María

PART FOUR: CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES AND RESEARCH

CHAPTER 22: CRITICAL THEORY: APPROACHES TO THE

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF LITERATURE

Readings for Analysis

William Carlos Williams, The Use of Force

Emily Dickinson, I'm "wife"

The Canon and the Curriculum

Formalist Perspectives

Biographical Perspectives

Historical Perspectives

Psychological Perspectives

Sociological Perspectives

Reader-Response Perspectives

Mythological Perspectives

Structuralist Perspectives

Deconstructive Perspectives

Cultural Studies Perspectives

Using Critical Perspectives as Heuristics

CHAPTER 23: WRITING WITH SOURCES

Why Do Research About Literature

Clarifying the Assignment

Selecting a Topic

Finding and Using Sources

Using Computerized Databases

Using the Internet for Research

Developing a Critical Perspectve

Developing a Thesis

Drafting and Revising

Conventions

Documenting Sources

Documenting Electronic Sources

Three Student Essays Incorporating Research

A Research Paper on a Single Work Using Multiple Sources

A Research Paper Using Multiple Works and Multiple Sources

Appendix: Writer's Lives

Glossary

Acknowledgments

Index