Finding What You Need | p. ii |
Introduction: The Process of Writing | p. 1 |
The writing situation | |
Development and focus | |
Revision | |
Source documentation | |
Editing and proofreading | |
Effective Sentences: Checklist | p. 10 |
Emphasis | p. 11 |
Subjects and verbs | |
Sentence beginnings and endings | |
Coordination | |
Subordination | |
Conciseness | p. 15 |
Focusing on subject and verb | |
Cutting empty words | |
Cutting unneeded repetition | |
Reducing clauses and phrases | |
Cutting there is or it is | |
Combining sentences | |
Parallelism | p. 17 |
With and, but, or, nor, yet | |
With both...and, either...or, etc. | |
With lists, headings, outlines | |
Variety and Details | p. 19 |
Varied sentence lengths and structures | |
Details | |
Appropriate Words | p. 22 |
Nonstandard dialect | |
Slang | |
Colloquial language | |
Technical words | |
Indirect and pretentious writing | |
Sexist and other biased language | |
Exact Words | p. 28 |
Right word for meaning | |
Concrete and specific words | |
Idioms | |
Cliches | |
Grammatical Sentences: Checklist | p. 32 |
Verbs | |
Forms | p. 33 |
Sing/sang/sung and other irregular verbs | |
Helping verbs | |
Verb + gerund or infinitive | |
Verb + particle | |
Tenses | p. 38 |
Present tense (sing) | |
Perfect tenses (have/had/will have sung) | |
Consistency | |
Sequence | |
Mood | p. 40 |
Subjunctive (I wish I were) | |
Consistency | |
Voice | p. 41 |
She wrote it (active) vs. It was written (passive) | |
Consistency | |
Subject-Verb Agreement | p. 43 |
-s ending for noun or verb | |
Words between subject and verb | |
Subjects with and | |
Subjects with or or nor | |
Everyone and other indefinite pronouns | |
Team and other collective nouns | |
Who, which, that | |
News and other singular nouns ending in -s | |
Inverted word order | |
Is, are, and other linking verbs | |
Pronouns | |
Forms | p. 46 |
She and I vs. her and me | |
It was she vs. It was her | |
Who vs. whom | |
Other constructions | |
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement | p. 49 |
Antecedents with and | |
Antecedents with or or nor | |
Everyone, person, and other indefinite words | |
Team and other collective nouns | |
Pronoun Reference | p. 51 |
Single antecedent | |
Close antecedent | |
Specific antecedent | |
Consistency | |
Modifiers | |
Adjectives and Adverbs | p. 53 |
Adjective vs. adverb | |
Adjective with linking verb: felt bad | |
Bigger, most talented, and other comparisons | |
Double negatives | |
Present and past participles: boring vs. bored | |
Articles: a, an, the | |
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers | p. 58 |
Misplaced modifiers | |
Dangling modifiers | |
Sentence Faults | |
Fragments | p. 61 |
Tests | |
Revision | |
Comma Splices and Fused Sentences | p. 63 |
Main clauses without and, but, etc. | |
Main clauses related by however, for example, etc. | |
Punctuation: Checklist | p. 68 |
The Comma | p. 69 |
And, but, or, nor, for, so, yet | |
Introductory elements | |
Interrupting and concluding elements | |
Series | |
Adjectives | |
Dates, addresses, place names, numbers | |
Quotations | |
The Semicolon | p. 74 |
Main clauses | |
However, for example, etc. | |
Series | |
The Colon | p. 75 |
For introduction | |
Salutations, titles and subtitles, time | |
The Apostrophe | p. 77 |
Possessives | |
Misuses: plural noun, singular verb, personal pronoun | |
Contractions | |
Plural abbreviations, etc. | |
Quotation Marks | p. 79 |
Direct quotations | |
Titles of works | |
Words used in a special sense | |
With other punctuation | |
End Punctuation | p. 82 |
Period | |
Question mark | |
Exclamation point | |
Other Marks | p. 83 |
Dash or dashes | |
Parentheses | |
Ellipsis mark | |
Brackets | |
Slash | |
Spelling and Mechanics: Checklist | p. 90 |
Spelling and the Hyphen | p. 91 |
Spelling checkers | |
Spelling rules | |
The hyphen | |
Capital Letters | p. 94 |
First word of sentence | |
Proper nouns and adjectives | |
Titles and subtitles of works | |
Titles of persons | |
Online communication | |
Underlining or Italics | p. 96 |
Underlining vs. italics | |
Titles of works | |
Ships, aircraft, spacecraft, trains | |
Foreign words and phrases | |
Words or characters named as words | |
Online alternatives | |
Abbreviations | p. 99 |
Familiar abbreviations | |
Latin abbreviations | |
Words usually spelled out | |
Numbers | p. 100 |
Numerals, not words | |
Words, not numerals | |
Research and Documentation: Checklist | p. 104 |
Research Strategy | p. 105 |
Subject, question, thesis | |
Goals for sources | |
Information gathering | |
Working bibliography | |
Finding Sources | p. 111 |
Electronic searches | |
Reference works | |
Books | |
Periodicals | |
The Web | |
Online communication | |
Government publications | |
Your own sources | |
Evaluating and Synthesizing Sources | p. 121 |
Evaluation | |
Synthesis | |
Integrating Sources into Your Text | p. 127 |
Summary, paraphrase, direct quotation | |
Introduction and interpretation of source material | |
Clear boundaries for source material | |
Avoiding Plagiarism and Documenting Sources | p. 136 |
Plagiarism and the Internet | |
What not to acknowledge | |
What must be acknowledged | |
Online sources | |
Source documentation | |
MLA Documentation and Format | p. 142 |
Parenthetical text citations | |
List of works cited | |
Paper format | |
Sample pages | |
APA Documentation and Format | p. 163 |
Parenthetical text citations | |
Reference list | |
Paper format | |
Sample pages | |
Chicago Documentation and Format | p. 178 |
Notes and list of works cited | |
Models | |
Paper format | |
Sample pages | |
CSE Documentation | p. 191 |
Name-year text citations | |
Numbered text citations | |
Reference list | |
Special Writing Situations | |
Designing Documents | p. 200 |
Academic papers | |
Clear and effective documents | |
Writing Online | p. 205 |
Electronic mail | |
Web composition | |
Making Oral Presentations | p. 208 |
Organization | |
Delivery | |
Writing for Business | p. 211 |
Job-application letter | |
Resume | |
Memo | |
Glossary of Usage | p. 219 |
Glossary of Terms | p. 229 |
Index | p. Index-1 |
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