The Little Brown Reader

by Stubbs, Marcia; Barnet, Sylvan; Cain, William E.

• ISBN13: 9780321091383
• ISBN10: 0321091388
• Edition: 9th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

This classic thematic reader contains over a hundred reading selections, an intriguing collection of photographs and art, comprehensive treatment of critical reading and writing, analyses of professional writing, and expanded coverage of argument.

Table of Contents

Rhetorical Contents	xxii
Preface	xxix
A Writer Reads	1	(18)
Previewing	2	(1)
Skimming	3	(3)
The Dying Family	6	(4)
J. H. Plumb
Highlighting, Underlining, Annotating	10	(3)
Summarizing	13	(1)
Critical Thinking: Analyzing the Text	14	(2)
Tone and Persona	16	(3)
A Reader Writes	19	(24)
We Have No ``Right to Happiness''	20	(4)
C. S. Lewis
Responding to an Essay	24	(1)
The Writing Process	25	(5)
Keeping a Journal	26	(1)
Questioning the Text Again	27	(1)
Summaries, Jottings, Outlines, and Lists	28	(2)
Getting Ready to Write a Draft	30	(6)
Draft of an Essay: On ``We Have No `Right to Happiness'''	30	(2)
Revising and Editing a Draft	32	(1)
A Revised Draft: Persuasive Strategies in C. S. Lewis's ``We Have No `Right to Happiness'''	33	(2)
Rethinking the Thesis: Preliminary Notes	35	(1)
The Final Version: Style and Argument: An Examination of C. S. Lewis's ``We Have No `Right to Happiness'''	36	(4)
A Brief Overview of the Final Version	39	(1)
A Checklist for Analyzing and Evaluating an Essay That You Are Writing About	40	(3)
Academic Writing	43	(20)
Kinds of Prose	44	(1)
More about Critical Thinking: Analysis and Evaluation	45	(4)
Joining the Conversation: Writing about Differing Views	49	(7)
Writing about Essays That Are Not Directly Related: A Student's Notes and Journal Entries	51	(2)
The Student's Final Version: Two Ways of Thinking about Today's Families	53	(3)
Interviewing	56	(4)
Guidelines for Conducting the Interview and Writing the Essay	56	(3)
Topic for Writing	59	(1)
Using Quotations	60	(1)
A Checklist for Editing: Thirteen Questions to Ask Yourself	61	(2)
Writing an Argument	63	(28)
The Aims of an Argumentative Essay	65	(1)
Negotiating Agreements: The Approach of Carl R. Rogers	65	(5)
A Checklist for Rogerian Argument	70	(1)
Three Kinds of Evidence: Examples, Testimony, Statistics	71	(3)
Examples	71	(2)
Testimony	73	(1)
Statistics	73	(1)
How Much Evidence Is Enough?	74	(1)
Avoiding Fallacies	74	(4)
Drafting an Argument	78	(3)
Imagining an Audience	78	(1)
Getting Started	78	(1)
Writing a Draft	79	(1)
Revising a Draft	80	(1)
Organizing an Argument	81	(1)
A Word about Beginnings and Endings	81	(1)
Persona and Style	82	(1)
An Overview: An Examination of an Argument	83	(1)
Hollow Claims about Fantasy Violence	83	(2)
Richard Rhodes
The Analysis Analyzed	85	(4)
A Checklist for Revising Drafts of Arguments	89	(2)
Reading and Writing about Pictures	91	(20)
The Language of Pictures	92	(2)
Sample Analyses of Pictures	94	(1)
Edward Munch's The Scream	94	(2)
Joan Daremo
She's Very Charlie	96	(2)
James B. Twitchell
Thinking about Dorothea Lange's Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California	98	(3)
A Sample Essay by a Student: Did Dorothea Lange Pose Her Subject for Migrant Mother?	101	(8)
Last Words	109	(2)
Memoirs: Discovering the Past	111	(72)
Illustrations
Wedding in the Poitou	112	(2)
Robert Doisneau
Oneida Family Portrait	114	(1)
Mark R. Harrington
AP/Wide World Photos Vietnam Veterans Memorial	115	(1)
Short Views	116	(2)
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Samuel Johnson
Elizabeth Bowen
Marcel Proust
Susan Sontag
Sholem Asch
Alexander Chase
Elbert Hubbard
Christina Rossetti
Jane Welsh Carlyle
Evelyn Waugh
Lord Byron
Martial
Oscar Wilde
Texas, 1961	118	(4)
Mary Karr
In a vignette about her childhood, Karr remembers her grandmother, and ``'not one tender feeling for or from her.''
Brooklyn and Limerick	122	(9)
Frank McCourt
McCourt recalls, with compassion and humor, growing up desperately poor in Brooklyn and in Limerick.
First Memories	131	(2)
Bobbie Ann Mason
Does pain cause us to forget? Is pain the reason we forget ``so much of our history''?
My Boyhood Home	133	(6)
Jimmy Carter
President Carter recalls his childhood on his family's peanut farm in Plains, Georgia. ``There is little doubt that I now recall those days with more fondness than they deserve.''
War Games	139	(2)
Black Elk
A Sioux remembers the games of his youth.
On Money, Religion, and Sex	141	(4)
Katharine Graham
In her account of her ``strange childhood,'' Katharine Graham discloses ``the feeling, which we all shared to some extent, of believing we were never quite going about things correctly.''
Graduation	145	(9)
Maya Angelou
A dispiriting commencement address and a spontaneous reaction to it.
Writing and Reading	154	(12)
Richard Wright
``My reading had created a vast sense of distance between me and the world in which I lived.''
Fan	166	(5)
Doris Kearns Goodwin
``My continuing love of baseball is inseparably linked to memories of my father.''
You're Not Catholic, Are You?	171	(4)
Ted Solotaroff
``Now there was just me again; a few good catches didn't change anything, didn't make me belong with the St. Genevieve guys.''
The Secret	175	(3)
Eudora Welty
The future story-writer learns in childhood ``not how babies could come but how they could die, how they could be forgotten about.''
Powder (fiction)	178	(3)
Tobias Wolff
A story about a boy who remembers his father, ``bankrupt of honor'' but ``a great driver.''
Incident (poetry)	181	(2)
Countee Cullen
``That's all that I remember.''	181	(2)
A Sense of Place	183	(62)
Illustrations
Navajo Dancers Entertaining a Tourist Train	184	(1)
George Hight
``No White People Allowed in Zoo Today''	185	(1)
Ernest C. Withers
Pearblossom Hwy.	186	(1)
David Hockney
Buzz Aldrin on the Moon	187	(1)
Neil Armstrong
Short Views	188	(2)
Robert Burton
Charles Dickens
Joan Didion
Seneca the Younger
Henry David Thoreau
Greater Puget
Gloria Anzaldua
John Howard Payne
Robert Frost
Muhammed Ali
Margaret Mead
Rhoda Metraux
John F. Kennedy
Omar Khayyam
Ernest Hemingway
The American Indian Wilderness	190	(3)
Louis Owens
``I began to understand that what I called `wilderness' was an absurdity, nothing more than a figment of the European imagination.''
A Woman's Land	193	(4)
Sallie Bingham
``So few women own land that the phrase, woman landowner, seems curious.''
Now or Never	197	(6)
Bill McKibben
What's an environmentalist to do?
A Good Neighborhood	203	(3)
Jane Jacobs
On privacy and contact in the city streets.
A Tale of Two Cities	206	(6)
Jim Yardley
Micheline Maynard
Brief sketches, for visitors, of what's going on in San Antonio and in Detroit.
Atlanta: In Its Heart, It's a Southern Town	212	(4)
Kevin Sack
What is Southern about ``The city that's too busy to hate''?
On Going Home	216	(3)
Joan Didion
Is going home---is leaving home---possible?
Place without Space	219	(2)
Nicholas Negroponte
``In the post-information age, since you may live and work at one or many locations, the concept of an `address' now takes on new meaning.''
September 11, 2001	221	(3)
John Updike
On the destruction of the World Trade Center.
Looking Backward (fiction)	224	(12)
Edward Bellamy
A book published in 1888 criticizes contemporary life by showing to this age the far better life that will be available to all in the year 2000.
Araby (fiction)	236	(6)
James Joyce
``The syllables of the word Araby were called to me through the silence in which my soul luxuriated and cast an Eastern enchantment over me.''
Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy's Farm in Pine Island, Minnesota (poetry)	242	(3)
James Wright
``I lean back, as the evening darkens and comes on.''
All in the Family	245	(63)
Illustrations
Sonia	246	(1)
Joanne Leonard
Why One's Parents Got Married	246	(1)
R. Chast
Mrs. Brown and Catherine	247	(1)
Faith Ringgold
The Acrobat's Family with a Monkey	248	(1)
Pablo Picasso
Short Views	249	(2)
Anonymous (William James?)
Marcel Proust
Leo Tolstoy
James Boswell
Jessie Bernard
Mary Wollstonecraft
Jane Austen
Eudora Welty
The Family	251	(1)
Lewis Coser
A sociologist defines the family and, in fewer than five hundred words, gives an idea of its variety.
Rituals of Passage: Weddings	252	(4)
William J. Doherty
``The traditional wedding is American society's classic example of a rite of passage.''
Scenes from an Intermarriage	256	(5)
Gabrielle Glaser
The author of a book on interfaith marriage believes that although the future always looks bright, down the road someone usually loses.
Confessions of an Erstwhile Child	261	(5)
Anonymous
Should children have the legal right to escape impossible families? A victim argues that a closely bound family structure compounds craziness.
Political Economy and Family Policy	266	(12)
Julie Matthaei
``The `natural' family system is inadequate, oppressive, and is coming apart at the seams.''
Here Comes the Groom: A (Conservative) Case for Gay Marriage	278	(5)
Andrew Sullivan
``But gay marriage is not a radical step. It avoids the mess of domestic partnership; it is humane; it is conservative in the best sense of the word.''
The Second Shift: Employed Women Are Putting in Another Day of Work at Home	283	(6)
Arlie Hochschild
There's a ``leisure gap'' between men and women at home.
High Horse's Courting	289	(5)
Black Elk
An Oglala Sioux holy man tells us what a hard time, in the old days, a young man had getting the girl he wanted.
Keeping Up with Your Kids	294	(6)
Josh Quittner
To spy or spy not? Should parents use software to monitor their children, or are there better ways to protect children?
Child of Divorce	300	(5)
Celia E. Rothenberg
An undergraduate reflects on the impact of divorce on her, her brother, and her parents.
Girl (fiction)	305	(2)
Jamaica Kincaid
``Try to walk like a lady and not like the slut you are so bent on becoming.''
Those Winter Sundays (poetry)	307	(1)
Robert Hayden
``No one ever thanked him.''
A Casebook on Barbie	308	(74)
Beauty and the Barbie Doll	310	(1)
Anonymous
Barbie Curtsies to Political Correctness	311	(2)
Kevin Leary
Barbie as Boy Toy	313	(2)
Meg Wolitzer
Sex and the Single Doll	315	(2)
Yona Zeldis McDonough
Barbie Doll (poetry)	317	(1)
Marge Piercy
Buddhist Barbie (poetry)	318	(3)
Denise Duhamel
Identities	321	(61)
Illustrations
Grandfather and Grandchildren Awaiting Evacuation Bus	322	(1)
Dorothea Lange
Behind the Bar, Birney, Montana	323	(1)
Marion Post Wolcott
American Gothic	324	(1)
Grant Wood
American Gothic	325	(1)
Gordon Parks
Short Views	326	(3)
Margaret Mead
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Simone de Beauvoir
Heather Formaini
Israel Zangwill
Lawrence Fuchs
Theodore Roosevelt
Woodrow Wilson
Vladimir I. Lenin
Joyce Carol Oates
Martin Luther King Jr.
Zora Neale Hurston
Shirley Chisolm
Women's Brains	329	(6)
Stephen Jay Gould
On the ``irrelevant and highly injurious'' biological labeling of women and other disadvantaged groups.
Why Boys Don't Play with Dolls	335	(3)
Katha Pollitt
Social conditioning, not biology, is the answer, this author says.
The Sports Taboo	338	(9)
Malcolm Gladwell
A writer argues the provocative thesis that blacks are like boys and whites are like girls.
How Friendship Was ``Feminized''	347	(3)
Carol Tavris
A social psychologist argues that male friendships are mistakenly dismissed as inferior to female friendships.
The Men We Carry in Our Minds . . . and How They Differ from the Real Lives of Most Men	350	(3)
Scott Russell Sanders
``I was baffled when the women at college accused me and my sex of having cornered the world's pleasures.''
The Male Myth	353	(4)
Paul Theroux
``It is very hard to imagine any concept of manliness that does not belittle women.''
Goodbye, Saigon, Finally	357	(2)
Andrew Lam
``One night, America quietly seeps in and takes hold of one's mind and body, and the Vietnamese soul of sorrows slowly fades away.'''
Two Ways to Belong in America	359	(4)
Bharati Mukherjee
A native of India, now a long-time resident and citizen of the United States, compares her responses with those of her sister, also a resident here but not a citizen.
Thoughts of an Oriental Girl	363	(2)
Emily Tsao
A sophomore questions the value of describing Asian Americans and other minorities as ``people of color.''
A Question of Language	365	(3)
Gloria Naylor
What does the word ``nigger'' mean?
Double Identity	368	(7)
Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston
``In my family, to serve another could be uplifting, a gracious gesture that elevated onself. For many white Americans it seems that serving another is degrading, an indication of dependency or weakness in character, or a low place on the social ladder.''
The ``Scientific'' War on the Poor	375	(2)
Brent Staples
The ugly politics of I.Q.
Snapshot: Lost Lives of Women	377	(4)
Amy Tan
The writer examines ``a picture of secrets and tragedies.''
Immigrants (poetry)	381	(1)
Pat Mora
A poem about the hopes of immigrant parents.
A Casebook on Race	382	(18)
Race Columbia Encyclopedia Race	382	(1)
A Note on a Segregated Society	383	(2)
Jimmy Carter
Three Is Not Enough	385	(5)
Sharon Begley
Hailing While Black	390	(2)
Shelby Steele
Race Is Over	392	(3)
Stanley Crouch
Ethnicity and Disney: It's a Whole New Myth	395	(5)
Edward Rothstein
Picturing Identity	400	(106)
Before the Mirror (poetry)	400	(1)
John Updike
Girl Before a Mirror	401	(1)
Pablo Picasso
Marxism Will Give Health to the Sick	402	(1)
Frida Kahlo
The Gulf Stream	403	(1)
Winslow Homer
Self-Portrait	404	(1)
Vincent van Gogh
Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2	405	(1)
Marcel Duchamp
Just What Is It That Makes Today's Homes So Different, So Appealing?	406	(1)
Richard Hamilton
Gold Marilyn Monroe	407	(1)
Andy Warhol
Two Women Dressing Their Hair	408	(1)
Kitagawa Utamaro
Beauty and Sadness (poetry)	409	(4)
Cathy Song
Teaching and Learning	413	(93)
Illustrations
Blackboard	414	(1)
Winslow Homer
The Lesson---Planning a Career	415	(1)
Ron James
St. Jerome Studying in His Cell	416	(1)
Georges de la Tour
Doonesbury	417	(1)
Gary Trudeau
Short Views	418	(5)
Francis Bacon
Robert Burton
Paul Goodman
Paul B. Diederich
Hasidic Tale
William Cory
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Emma Goldman
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Jesse Jackson
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Alan Watts
D. H. Lawrence
Prince Kropotkin
John Ruskin
Confucius
Anonymous Zen Anecdote
Joseph Wood Krutch
Phyllis Bottome
The Myth of the Cave	423	(7)
Plato
A great teacher explains in a metaphor the progress of the mind from opinion to knowledge.
Public and Private Language	430	(5)
Richard Rodriguez
By age seven, Richard Rodriguez learns ``the great lesson of school, that I had a public identity.''
Why Do American Kids Learn So Little?	435	(5)
Ernest van den Haag
``The young must learn to learn as well as to play. Some even may enjoy learning once they try it.''
Order in the Classroom	440	(6)
Neil Postman
``School is not a radio station or a television program.''
Japanese Education: How Do They Do It?	446	(14)
Merry White
The secret of success is nothing less than a national consensus on the importance of excellent education.
On Raising Moral Children	460	(5)
Robert Coles
A psychiatrist discusses the ways in which adults shape children's behavior.
How Women Learn	465	(3)
Mary Field Belenky
Blythe McVicker Clinchy
Nancy Rule Goldberger
Jill Mattuck Tarule
``Every woman, regardless of age, social class, ethnicity, and academic achievement needs to know that she is capable of intelligent thought. . . .''
The Classroom and the Wider Culture: Identity as a Key to Learning English Composition	468	(10)
Fan Shen
According to Fan Shen, who migrated from China to Nebraska, ``To try to be `myself,' which I knew was a key to learning English composition, meant not to be my Chinese self at all.''
A Proposal to Abolish Grading	478	(3)
Paul Goodman
``Grading hinders teaching and creates a bad spirit.''
In Defense of Testing	481	(2)
Diane Ravitch
``Tests and standards are a necessary fact of life.''
Education	483	(2)
E. B. White
A comparison of a private city school (``with semiprogressive ideas . . . and modern plumbing'') and a two-room country schoolhouse.
The Feng Shui of Schools	485	(5)
Katie Zernike
Does the design of a school affect the behavior of students?
Unplugged	490	(3)
David Gelernter
A professor of computer science offers a surprising comment: ``The computer's potential to do good is modestly greater than a book's in some areas. Its potential to do harm is vastly greater, across the board.''
On the Eve of Extinction: Four Years of High School	493	(2)
Hubert B. Herring
What can be done to overcome High School Senior Slump?
Classrooms for Sale	495	(3)
Nadya Labi
Should schools let Campbell's soup pay for the overhead projector?
The Lesson (fiction)	498	(7)
Toni Cade Bambara
A city kid begins to learn about money.
Zen and the Art of Burglary (fiction)	505	(1)
Wu-tsu Fa-yen
A teacher tells a story to teach what otherwise cannot be taught.
A Casebook on the SAT	506	(85)
Standardized Tests and Access to American Universities	506	(2)
Richard C. Atkinson
Two Cheers for an End to the SAT	508	(5)
Alfie Kohn
Is This the End for the SAT?	513	(2)
Gary M. Lavergne
Why Dropping the SAT Is Bad for Blacks	515	(4)
Jack E. White
Work and Play	519	(72)
Illustrations
Lettuce Cutters, Salinas Valley	520	(1)
Dorothea Lange
The Thread Maker	521	(1)
W. Eugene Smith
Anonymous All-Americans in Training at Opa-Locka, Florida	522	(1)
Children	522	(1)
Helen Levitt
Short Views	523	(3)
Mark Twain
Richard Milhous Nixon
Karl Marx
John Ruskin
Eric Nesterenko
Vince Lombardi
Howard Cosell
George Orwell
Friedrich Nietzsche
Walt Whitman
Ken Burns
Work	526	(6)
Bertrand Russell
A philosopher examines the connections between work and happiness.
Work, Labor, and Play	532	(2)
W. H. Auden
In a modern technological society few people have jobs they enjoy, but the prospect of more leisure is not cheerful either.
The Shoeshine Boy	534	(2)
Malcolm X
Malcolm learns to ``Uncle Tom a little'' at the Roseland State Ballroom.
Early Inklings	536	(3)
John Updike
``'You're hired': sweet words, in this life of getting and spending. I have heard them rather rarely. . . .''
The Importance of Work	539	(5)
Gloria Steinem
Both men and women have the ``human right'' to a job. ``But women have more cause to fight for it,'' and have better reasons than ``weworkbecausewehaveto.''
The ``Mommy Track'' Isn't Anti-Woman	544	(2)
Felice N. Schwartz
A debate on what employers can do to help parents balance careers and family responsibilities.
Letters Responding to Felice N. Schwartz	546	(4)
Pat Schroeder
Lois Brenner
Hope Dellon
Anita M. Harris
Peg McAuley Byrd
Life on the Global Assembly Line
Life on the job and off for young Third World women, the ``new industrial proletariat.''	550	(8)
Barbara Ehrenreich
Annette Fuentes
Delusions of Grandeur	558	(3)
Henry Louis Gates Jr.
How many African-American athletes are at work today? Henry Louis Gates Jr. tells us that ``an African-American youngster has about as much chance of becoming a professional athlete as he or she does of winning the lottery.''
Playing to Win	561	(3)
Margaret A. Whitney
A mother reports her responses after her daughter ``became a jock.''
Work and Play in Utopia	564	(7)
Sir Thomas More
The inventor of the word utopia sets forth some ideas about reducing the workweek and about the proper use of leisure.
The End of Play	571	(7)
Marie Winn
Childhood, once a time of play, today is increasingly ``purposeful, success-oriented, competitive.'' What are the causes of this change? And what are the consequences of ``the end of childhood''?
Survivor and the End of Television	578	(4)
John Podhoretz
Reality television offers a series of temptations simultaneously repellent and irresistible.
The Play's the Thing	582	(3)
Ted C. Fishman
Video games ``are not a weak substitute for derring-do. . . .Nor are they secondhand thrills. They are real adventure.''
It Isn't Just a Game: Clues to Avid Rooting	585	(6)
James C. McKinley Jr.
A report on how psychologists look at fans.
A Casebook on College Athletics	591	(81)
The Money Game: Is It Exploiting College Athletes?	591	(4)
Sean Colclough
Myth versus Reality in Big-Time College Sports	595	(12)
Murray Sperber
Playing Their Way In	607	(2)
James L. Shulman
William G. Bowen
Sporting Chances: The Cost of College Athletics	609	(8)
Louis Menand
The Unknown Citizen (poetry)	617	(2)
W. H. Auden
``Was he free, was he happy? The question is absurd.''
Messages	619	(53)
Illustrations
Born Kicking, Graffiti on Billboard, London	620	(1)
Jill Posner
The Letter	621	(1)
Mary Cassatt
Anonymous Sapolio	622	(1)
I Want You	623	(1)
James Montgomery Flagg
Short Views	624	(2)
Marianne Moore
Derek Walcott
Jane Wagner
Emily Dickinson
Howard Nemerov
Wendell Berry
Anonymous
Rosalie Maggio
Benjamin Cardozo
Gary Snyder
Ann Beattie
Address at the Dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery	626	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
A two-minute speech that shows signs of enduring.
The Gettysburg Address	627	(6)
Gilbert Highet
A classicist analyzes a speech that we may think we already know well.
You Are What You Say	633	(6)
Robin Lakoff
A linguistic double standard turns women into ``communicative cripples---damned if we do, and damned if we don't.''
Four-Letter Words Can Hurt You	639	(2)
Barbara Lawrence
The best-known obscene words are sadistic and dehumanizing---and their object is almost always female.
Proxemics in the Arab World	641	(8)
Edward T. Hall
Why Americans and Arabs find each other pushy, rude, or simply incomprehensible.
The Workings of Conversational Style	649	(12)
Deborah Tannen
``Our talk is saying something about our relationship.''
The Game of the Name	661	(3)
Steven Pinker
The author of The Language Instinct says that ``People learn a word by witnessing other people using it, so when they use a word, they provide a history of their reading and listening.''
The Marlboro Man: The Perfect Campaign	664	(8)
James B. Twitchell
``Although advertising agencies love giving themselves prizes, there has been no award for the perfect campaign. If there were, Marlboro would win.''
A Casebook on E-Mail	672	(229)
Being Asynchronous	672	(1)
Nicholas Negroponte
Check Your E-Mail; You May Be Fired	673	(2)
Judith Kleinfeld
Please Don't E-Mail Me about This Article	675	(3)
Rob Nixon
In Modern E-Mail Romances ``Trash'' Is Just a Click Away	678	(2)
Ed Boland
A Reunion? Relax. You're Invisible	680	(4)
Debra A. Klein
``Not Waving but Drowning'' (poetry)	684	(1)
Stevie Smith
What a dead man was trying to say all his life.
Art and Life	685	(50)
Illustrations
Grandma Moses	686	(1)
Arnold Newman
The Checkered House	687	(1)
Grandma Moses
Place de l'Europe	688	(1)
Henri Cartier-Bresson
Lila York in Paul Taylor's ``Diggity''	689	(1)
Jack Vartoogian
Short Views	690	(3)
Theophile Gautier
Samuel Butler
George Sand
Han Suyin
Holbrook Jackson
Lady Murasaki
Duke Ellington
Lillian Hellman
Willa Cather
Eudora Welty
Grace Paley
Ezra Pound
Flannery O'Connor
Anonymous
Miles Davis
Mahalia Jackson
George Eliot
Ansel Adams
Leonardo da Vinci
Grandma Moses
Agnes de Mille
Twyla Tharp
Preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray	693	(2)
Oscar Wilde
What Qualities Does a Good Photograph Have?	695	(5)
Lou Jacobs Jr.
``'A little honest controversy about the visual success of a print or slide can be a healthy thing.''
Untitled Photographs (New York City)	700	(1)
Ben Shahn
Two photographs of the same subject. Is one a better photograph than the other?
Culturally Variable Ways of Seeing: Art and Literature	701	(6)
Mary Beard
``Rules for looking'' exist, but they differ from culture to culture.
Triumph over Death	707	(2)
John Simon
The dance---particularly ballet---``appears to defeat the laws of gravity, defy death itself.''
Quick! Before It Crumbles!	709	(4)
Paul Goldberger
An architecture critic looks at cookie architecture.
King of the Jungle	713	(5)
Perri Klass
Responding to complaints that Walt Disney's The Lion King includes material frightening to children, a pediatrician argues against simplifying children's entertainment.
In the Canon, for All the Wrong Reasons	718	(4)
Amy Tan
An Asian-American writer is not altogether comfortable now that her book is required reading.
A Worn Path (fiction)	722	(7)
Eudora Welty
A short story about ``an obstinate case.''
Is Phoenix Jackson's Grandson Really Dead?	729	(3)
Eudora Welty
The author tells her questioners that the ``content'' of her story is not the life or death of any character but ``the deep-grained habit of love.''
Musee des Beaux Arts (poetry)	732	(3)
W. H. Auden
``About suffering they were never wrong. The Old Masters. . . .''
Law and Order	735	(54)
Illustrations
Flower Power	736	(1)
Bernie Boston
The Third of May, 1808	737	(1)
Francisco Goya
CellofaModelPrison, U.S.A.,1975	738	(1)
HenriCartier-Bresson
The Problem We All Live With	739	(1)
Norman Rockwell
Short Views	740	(3)
Kurt Weis
Michael F. Milakovich
Niccolo Machiavelli
G. C. Lichtenberg
Andrew Fletcher
Samuel Johnson
James Boswell
William Blake
Anatole France
Louis D. Brandeis
H. L. Mencken
A New Scarlet Letter	743	(2)
Cathy Booth Thomas
A Texas judge forces sex offenders to broadcast their crimes with house signs and bumper stickers.
The Declaration of Independence	745	(4)
Thomas Jefferson
``We hold these truths to be self-evident.''
From ``Civil Disobedience''	749	(4)
Henry David Thoreau
``Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also a prison.''
Nonviolent Resistance	753	(4)
Martin Luther King Jr.
``Violence as a way of achieving racial justice is both impractical and immoral.''
Why One Peaceful Woman Carries a Pistol	757	(5)
Linda M. Hasselstrom
``God made men and women, but Sam Colt made them equal.''
Protecting Freedom of Expression on the Campus	762	(2)
Derek Bok
A university president explores ``the problem of trying to reconcile the rights of free speech with the desire to avoid racial tension.''
The Internet: The Next Front in the Book Wars	764	(5)
Stephen Bates
Will the Internet inevitably engender censorship?
Frontiersmen Are History	769	(2)
Barbara L. Keller
Guns are not effective as self-defense.
Shot Down	771	(5)
Don B. Kates
``The evidence indicates that banning gun possession by the general public is actually counterproductive.''
The Case for Torture	776	(3)
Michael Levin
``I am not advocating torture as punishment. . . . I am advocating torture as an acceptable measure for preventing future evils.''
Shooting an Elephant	779	(6)
George Orwell
As a young British police officer in Burma, Orwell learns the true nature of imperialism.
The Woman Taken in Adultery	785	(1)
John
``He that is without sin, let him first cast a stone at her.''
To the Lady (poetry)	786	(3)
Mitsuye Yamada
An American woman of Japanese parentage reflects on the internment of Japanese Americans in 1942.
Body and Soul	789	(52)
Illustrations
The Creation of Adam	790	(1)
Michelangelo
Priest Kensu Achieving Enlightenment While Catching a Shrimp	791	(1)
Kao
The Gross Clinic	792	(1)
Thomas Eakins
Lifted Lotus	793	(1)
Ken Gray
Short Views	794	(2)
W. B. Yeats
Napoleon
Walt Whitman
Woody Allen
D. H. Lawrence
Henry David Thoreau
John Locke
Virginia Woolf
Emily Dickinson
Plato
Samuel Johnson
Frederick Douglass
Ray Charles
Friedrich Nietzsche
Oscar Wilde
Nigerian Proverb
Muddy Road	796	(1)
Anonymous
A Zen anecdote about body and mind.
What Is Zen?	796	(4)
D. T. Suzuki
A Japanese Buddhist tries to teach Westerners the nature of enlightenment.
Salvation	800	(3)
Langston Hughes
``I was saved from sin when I was going on thirteen. But not really saved. It happened like this.''
Economy	803	(11)
Henry David Thoreau
``The mass of men live lives of quiet desperation.''
Portrait of My Body	814	(2)
Phillip Lopate
``The simple truth is that I have less energy than I once did, and that accumulated experiences have made me, almost against my will, kinder and sadder.''
The Sandbox: Bully for You: Why Push Comes to Shove	816	(5)
Natalie Angier
``It's hard to see how bullying behavior in schools can be eliminated when bullying behavior among adults is not only common but often applauded---at least if it results in wild success.''
A Critical Look at Astrology	821	(8)
Bart J. Bok
An astronomer charges that the ``availability of astrological predictions'' can have ``insidious influences on a person's personal judgment.''
The Astrologers Reply	829	(5)
R. G. Dobbins
Kathleen Russo
Carolyn Bermingham
Joseph F. Goodavage
Barbara Koval
Responding to Bart J. Bok
Do Lie Detectors Lie? All Too Often	834	(4)
Alfred Meyer
Modern lie detection ``uses the language and trappings of science to sell itself to a trusting public''
Design (poetry)	838	(3)
Robert Frost
A poet wonders if the universe is governed by a ``design of darkness.''
Classic Essays	841	(60)
Crito	842	(12)
Plato
Socrates helps Crito to see that ``we ought not to render evil for evil.''
A Modest Proposal	854	(7)
Jonathan Swift
An eighteenth-century Irish satirist tells his countrymen how they may make children ``sound, useful members of the commonwealth.''
Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions	861	(4)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
The women at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention adopt a new declaration, accusing men of failures and crimes parallel to those that led Jefferson in 1776 to denounce King George III.
Professions for Women	865	(5)
Virginia Woolf
Women must confront two obstacles on entering new professions.
The Rewards of Living a Solitary Life	870	(2)
May Sarton
Being alone is not the same as being lonely.
Letter from Birmingham Jail	872	(15)
Martin Luther King Jr.
An imprisoned civil rights leader argues that victims of unjust laws have the right to break those laws as long as they use nonviolent tactics.
Animal Liberation	887	(14)
Peter Singer
A philosopher argues that we have no right to eat ``pieces of slaughtered nonhumans'' or to experiment on nonhumans ``in order to benefit humanity.''
Appendix: A Writer's Glossary	901	(10)
Photo Acknowledgments	911	(2)
Index	913