Machines and Mechanisms : Applied Kinematic Analysis

by Myszka, David H.

• ISBN13: 9780130306807
• ISBN10: 0130306800
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-05-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

For courses in Mechanism Design and Kinematics in Departments of Engineering Technology. This up-to-date text responds to the overwhelming need for an introduction to kinematic analysis that uses actual machines and mechanisms. It provides the techniques necessary to study the motion of machines while emphasizing the application of kinematic theories to real-world problems.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Mechanisms and Kinematics	1	(36)
Objectives	1	(1)
Introduction	1	(1)
Machines and Mechanisms	2	(1)
Kinematics	3	(1)
Mechanism Terminology	3	(3)
Kinematic Diagrams	6	(4)
Kinematic Inversion	10	(1)
Mobility	11	(7)
Special Cases of the Mobility Equation	18	(3)
Coincident Joints	18	(3)
Exceptions to the Gruebler Equation	21	(1)
The Four-Bar Mechanism	21	(4)
Slider-Crank Mechanism	25	(1)
Techniques of Mechanism Analysis	26	(11)
Traditional Drafting Techniques	26	(1)
CAD Systems	27	(1)
Analytical Techniques	27	(1)
Computer Methods	27	(1)
Problems	28	(7)
Case Studies	35	(2)
Building Computer Models of Mechanisms Using Working Model® Software	37	(19)
Objectives	37	(1)
Introduction	37	(1)
Computer Simulation of Mechanisms	37	(1)
Obtaining Working Model Software	38	(1)
Using Working Model to Model a Four-Bar Mechanism	38	(9)
Using Working Model to Model a Slider-Crank Mechanism	47	(9)
Problems	52	(3)
Case Studies	55	(1)
Vectors	56	(43)
Objectives	56	(1)
Introduction	56	(1)
Scalars and Vectors	56	(1)
Graphical Vector Analysis	57	(1)
Drafting Techniques Required in Graphical Vector Analysis	57	(1)
CAD Knowledge Required in Graphical Vector Analysis	58	(1)
Trigonometry Required in Analytical Vector Analysis	58	(7)
Right Triangle	59	(2)
Oblique Triangle	61	(4)
Vector Manipulation	65	(1)
Graphical Vector Addition	65	(3)
Analytical Vector Addition (+>): Triangle Method	68	(2)
Components of a Vector	70	(2)
Analytical Vector Addition (+>): Component Method	72	(3)
Vector Subtraction (->)	75	(1)
Graphical Vector Subtraction (->)	76	(3)
Analytical Vector Subtraction (->): Triangle Method	79	(1)
Analytical Vector Subtraction (->): Component Method	80	(2)
Vector Equations	82	(3)
Applications of Vector Equations	85	(1)
Graphical Determination of Vector Magnitudes	86	(4)
Analytical Determination of Vector Magnitudes	90	(9)
Problems	92	(5)
Case Studies	97	(2)
Position Analysis	99	(47)
Objectives	99	(1)
Introduction	99	(1)
Position	100	(1)
Displacement	100	(1)
Position Analysis	101	(1)
Position: Graphical Analysis	102	(7)
Position: Analytical Analysis	109	(12)
Closed-Form Position Analysis Equations for an In-line Slider Crank	112	(3)
Closed-Form Position Analysis Equations for an Offset Slider Crank	115	(4)
Closed-Form Position Equations for a Four-Bar Linkage	119	(1)
Circuits of a Four-Bar Linkage	120	(1)
Limiting Positions: Graphical Analysis	121	(4)
Limiting Positions: Analytical Analysis	125	(3)
Complete Cycle: Graphical Position Analysis	128	(3)
Complete Cycle: Analytical Position Analysis	131	(3)
Displacement Diagrams	134	(3)
Coupler Curves	137	(9)
Problems	137	(7)
Case Studies	144	(2)
Mechanism Design	146	(15)
Objectives	146	(1)
Introduction	146	(1)
Design of Slider-Crank Mechanisms	147	(4)
In-line Slider-Crank Mechanism	147	(1)
Offset Slider-Crank Mechanism	148	(3)
Design of Crank-Rocker Mechanisms	151	(3)
Mechanism to Move a Link Between Two Positions	154	(2)
Two-Point Synthesis with a Pivoting Link	154	(1)
Two-Point Synthesis of the Coupler of a Four-Bar Mechanism	155	(1)
Mechanism to Move a Link Between Three Positions	156	(5)
Problems	157	(2)
Case Studies	159	(2)
Velocity Analysis	161	(62)
Objectives	161	(1)
Introduction	161	(1)
Velocity of a Point	162	(1)
Velocity of a Link	163	(1)
Relationship Between Linear and Angular Velocities	163	(3)
Relative Velocity	166	(3)
Graphical Velocity Analysis: Relative Velocity Method	169	(11)
Points on Links Limited to Pure Rotation or Pure Translation	170	(3)
Points on a Floating Link	173	(4)
Coincident Points on Different Links	177	(3)
Velocity Image	180	(1)
Analytical Velocity Analysis: Relative Velocity Method	180	(6)
Algebraic Solutions for Common Mechanisms	186	(1)
Slider-Crank Mechanism	187	(1)
Four-Bar Mechanism	187	(1)
Instantaneous Center of Rotation	187	(1)
Locating Instant Centers	188	(10)
Primary Centers	189	(2)
Kennedy's Theorem	191	(1)
Instant Center Diagram	191	(7)
Graphical Velocity Analysis: Instant Center Method	198	(5)
Analytical Velocity Analysis: Instant Center Method	203	(3)
Velocity Curves	206	(17)
Graphical Differentiation	209	(2)
Numerical Differentiation	211	(4)
Problems	215	(6)
Case Studies	221	(2)
Acceleration Analysis	223	(59)
Objectives	223	(1)
Introduction	223	(1)
Linear Acceleration of a Point Moving in a Straight Line	224	(1)
Linear Acceleration of a Point in General Motion	225	(1)
Acceleration of a Link	226	(2)
Normal and Tangential Acceleration	228	(4)
Tangential Acceleration	228	(1)
Normal Acceleration	229	(1)
Total Acceleration	230	(2)
Relative Acceleration	232	(3)
Components of Relative Acceleration	235	(3)
Relative Acceleration Analysis: Graphical Method	238	(9)
Relative Acceleration Analysis: Analytical Method	247	(4)
Algebraic Solutions for Common Mechanisms	251	(1)
Slider-Crank Mechanism	251	(1)
Four-Bar Mechanism	252	(1)
Acceleration of a Point on a Floating Link	252	(6)
Acceleration Image	258	(2)
Coriolis Acceleration	260	(6)
Equivalent Linkages	266	(1)
Acceleration Curves	267	(15)
Graphical Differentiation	268	(2)
Numerical Differentiation	270	(3)
Problems	273	(7)
Case Studies	280	(2)
Computer-Aided Mechanism Analysis	282	(13)
Objectives	282	(1)
Introduction	282	(1)
Spreadsheets	282	(8)
User-Written Computer Programs	290	(5)
Offset Slider-Crank Mechanism	291	(1)
Four-Bar Mechanism	292	(1)
Problems	293	(1)
Case Study	294	(1)
Cams: Design and Kinematic Analysis	295	(54)
Objectives	295	(1)
Introduction	295	(1)
Types of Cams	296	(1)
Types of Followers	297	(2)
Follower Motion	297	(1)
Follower Position	298	(1)
Follower Shape	298	(1)
Prescribed Follower Motion	299	(3)
Follower Motion Schemes	302	(13)
Constant Velocity	303	(2)
Constant Acceleration	305	(2)
Harmonic Motion	307	(2)
Cycloidal Motion	309	(6)
Graphical Disk Cam Profile Design	315	(8)
In-Line Knife-Edge Follower	316	(1)
In-Line Roller Follower	317	(2)
Offset Roller Follower	319	(1)
Translating Flat-Faced Follower	320	(1)
Pivoted Roller Follower	321	(2)
Pressure Angle	323	(1)
Design Limitations	324	(1)
Analytical Disk Cam Profile Design	325	(13)
Knife-Edge Follower	326	(3)
In-Line Roller Follower	329	(5)
Offset Roller Follower	334	(1)
Translating Flat-Faced Follower	335	(1)
Pivoted Roller Follower	336	(2)
Cylindrical Cams	338	(1)
Graphical Cylindrical Cam Profile Design	338	(1)
Analytical Cylindrical Cam Profile Design	339	(1)
The Geneva Mechanism	339	(10)
Problems	343	(4)
Case Studies	347	(2)
Gears: Kinematic Analysis and Selection	349	(63)
Objectives	349	(1)
Introduction	349	(2)
Types of Gears	351	(2)
Spur Gear Terminology	353	(4)
Involute Tooth Profiles	357	(2)
Standard Gears	359	(3)
Relationships of Gears in MESH	362	(9)
Center Distance	362	(2)
Contact Ratio	364	(2)
Interference	366	(2)
Undercutting	368	(1)
Backlash	369	(1)
Operating Pressure Angle	370	(1)
Spur Gear Kinematics	371	(4)
Spur Gear Selection	375	(7)
Rack and Pinion Kinematics	382	(2)
Helical Gear Kinematics	384	(4)
Bevel Gear Kinematics	388	(3)
Worm Gear Kinematics	391	(3)
Gear Trains	394	(3)
Idler Gears	397	(1)
Planetary Gear Trains	398	(14)
Problems	403	(6)
Case Studies	409	(3)
Belt and Chain Drives	412	(22)
Objectives	412	(1)
Introduction	412	(1)
Belts	413	(4)
Belt Drive Geometry	417	(1)
Belt Drive Kinematics	418	(5)
Chains	423	(3)
Chain Drive Geometry	426	(1)
Chain Drive Kinematics	427	(7)
Problems	430	(2)
Case Studies	432	(2)
Screw Mechanisms	434	(21)
Objectives	434	(1)
Introduction	434	(1)
Thread Features	434	(1)
Thread Forms	435	(3)
Ball Screws	438	(2)
Lead	440	(1)
Screw Kinematics	441	(4)
Screw Forces and Torques	445	(3)
Differential Screws	448	(2)
Auger Screws	450	(5)
Problems	451	(3)
Case Studies	454	(1)
Static Force Analysis	455	(23)
Objectives	455	(1)
Introduction	455	(1)
Forces	456	(1)
Moments and Torques	456	(4)
Laws of Motion	460	(1)
Free-Body Diagrams	460	(3)
Static Equilibrium	463	(1)
Analysis of a Two-Force Member	464	(6)
Sliding Friction Force	470	(8)
Problems	473	(4)
Case Study	477	(1)
Dynamic Force Analysis	478	(29)
Objectives	478	(1)
Introduction	478	(1)
Mass and Weight	479	(1)
Center of Gravity	479	(2)
Mass Moment of Inertia	481	(7)
Mass Moment of Inertia of Basic Shapes	482	(2)
Radius of Gyration	484	(1)
Parallel Axis Theorem	484	(1)
Composite Bodies	485	(2)
Mass Moment of Inertia---Experimental Determination	487	(1)
Inertial Force	488	(6)
Inertial Torque	494	(13)
Problems	502	(4)
Case Study	506	(1)
Answers to Selected Even-Numbered Problems	507	(5)
References	512	(1)
Index	513