What is Environmental History? | |
Essays | |
Doing Environmental History | |
Predicting Environmental History | |
Using Environmental History | |
Interpreting Environmental History | |
Global Environmental History | |
Native American Ecology and European Contact | |
Documents | |
A Spanish Explorer Views the Pueblos, 1580 | |
Spanish Explorers Observe Pueblo Irrigation, 1582 | |
A Spaniard Testifies on the Effects of Pueblo Colonization, 1601 | |
Nicholas Denys on the Micmac Fur Trade, 1672 | |
A Jesuit Missionary Recalls Micmac Hunting Rituals, 1691 | |
Lewis and Clark Describe the Great Plains, 1804 | |
Plains IndiansÆ Pictographs, Recorded by George Catlin in 1844 | |
Essays | |
Pueblos and Spanish in the Southwest | |
Micmacs and French in the Northeast | |
Indians and Bison on the Great Plains | |
The New England Forest in the Seventeenth Century | |
Documents | |
William Bradford Faces a ôHideous and Desolate Wilderness,ö 1620-35 | |
John Winthrop Quotes Genesis on Subduing the Earth, 1629 | |
Thomas Morton Praises the New English Canaan, 1632 | |
William Wood on Indian WomenÆs Housing and Horticulture, 1634 | |
Anne Bradstreet Eulogizes Nature, 1650 | |
Edward Johnson on Transforming the Wilderness, 1654 | |
A Timber MerchantÆs Estate, 1682 | |
Cotton Mather on the Scale of Nature, 1721 | |
A Governor Enforces the KingÆs Forest Policy, 1730 | |
Essays | |
A BeaverÆs Perspective | |
A ColonistÆs Perspective | |
Puritan Perspectives | |
Tobacco and Rice in the Colonial South | |
Documents | |
John White Depicts Indian Planting and Fishing in North Carolina, 1590 | |
Virginia Settlers Discover Tobacco, 1614-1617 | |
A Chesapeake Planter Describes His Holdings, 1686 | |
Robert Beverley on Indians and Nature in Virginia, 1705 | |
A Governor Explains South Carolina Rice Production, 1761 | |
A Traveler Describes Tobacco Cultivation, 1775 | |
Thomas Jefferson on the ôNatureö of Blacks and Worn-Out Soils, 1787 | |
Olaudah Equiano Describes His Enslavement, 1791 | |
Essays | |
Tobacco and Soils in the Chesapeake | |
Rice and Slaves in the Low Country | |
Black Indians in the South | |
Farms and Cities in the Early Republic | |
Documents | |
J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur Asks, ôWhat Is an American?ö 1782 | |
Thomas Jefferson on the Agrarian Ideal, 1787 | |
Benjamin Rush Praises the Market Farmers of Pennsylvania, 1789 | |
Anna HowellÆs Farm Diary, 1820 | |
Samuel SlaterÆs Proposal on Cotton Spinning, 1789 | |
Benjamin Henry Latrobe on Polluted Water in Philadelphia, 1798 | |
John James Audubon Depicts the Squatters of the Mississippi, 1808-1834 | |
Calvin Colton on Self-made Men, 1844 | |
Essays | |
Farms and Subsistence | |
Pollution and Cities | |
Water and Industry | |
Nature and the Market in the Nineteenth Century | |
Documents | |
Phillis Wheatley Eulogizes Nature, 1773 | |
John James Audubon on Shooting Birds, 1808-1834 | |
James Fenimore Cooper Laments the ôWasty Waysö of Pioneers, 1823 | |
Hudson River Painters Depict Nature, 1836-1849 | |
George Catlin on Indians, Nature, and Civilization, 1844 | |
Ralph Waldo Emerson Expounds on Nature and Wealth, 1844 | |
Henry David Thoreau on Nature Versus Civilization, 1854 | |
Rebecca Harding Davis on Pollution and Human Life in the Iron Mills, 1861 | |
Essays | |
Civilization Over Nature | |
Nature Over Civilization | |
Slave Women and Nature | |
The Cotton South Before and After the Civil War | |
Documents | |
Frances Anne Kemble on Slavery and Nature in Georgia, 1838 | |
A Georgia Planter Tells Why Cotton Pays, 1847 | |
Frederick Law Olmsted Describes Cotton Production and Environmental Deterioration, 1861 | |
SharecroppersÆ Contracts, 1876-1886 | |
Freed Slave Louis Hughes on Cotton and Cotton Worms, 1897 | |
A Louisiana Convention Declares War on the Boll Weevil, 1903 | |
Ex-Slaves Describe Their Means of Subsistence, 1937 | |
A Freed Slave Explains ôWhy That Boll Weevil Done Come,ö 1945 | |
Essays | |
Soils Used | |
Soils Abused | |
Soils Extracted | |
Extracting the Far West in the Nineteenth Century | |
Documents | |
A Russian Sailor on the Sea Otter Trade, 1813 | |
A Manager Describes the Russian American Company, 1835 | |
Thomas Hart Benton on Manifest Destiny, 1846 | |
An Federal Agent Assesses MiningÆs Impact on the Indians, 1853 | |
James Marshall Tells How He Discovered Gold, 1857 | |
Joaquin Miller Describes Environmental Deterioration in the Gold Country, 1890 | |
A Fish Commissioner on the Need for Salmon Protection, 1885 | |
A Capitalist Advocates Salmon Hatcheries, 1893 | |
An Indian Woman Deplores the Soreness of the Earth, Recorded in 1925 | |
Essays | |
Otters versus Russians in Alaska | |
Miners versus Farmers in California | |
Salmon versus Fishers in the Northwest | |
Great Plains Grasslands Exploited | |
Documents | |
Pioneer Women Portray the Plains Environment, 1860-86 | |
The Homestead Act, 1862 | |
Joseph G. McCoy on the Chisholm Trail and Abilene Stockyards, 1874 | |
Frederick Jackson Turner on the Significance of the Frontier in American History, 1893 | |
John Steinbeck Depicts the Dust Bowl, 1939 | |
Plenty-Coups Mourns the Vanishing Buffalo, Recorded in 1950 | |
An Editor Bids Good Riddance to Buffalo, 1979 | |
Essays | |
Great Plains Ecology | |
Cowboy Ecology | |
Telling Stories About Ecology | |
Resource Conservation in an Industrializing Society | |
Documents | |
George Perkins Marsh on Man and Nature, 1864 | |
John Wesley Powell Advocates Reclamation, 1878 | |
The Reclamation Act, 1902 | |
George L. Knapp Opposes Conservation, 1910 | |
Mrs. Marion Crocker on the Conservation Imperative, 1912 | |
Robert Marshall on the PeopleÆs Forests, 1933 | |
Hugh Bennett Presses for Soil Conservation, 1947 | |
Gifford Pinchot Recalls the Origins of the Cosnervation Movement, 1947 | |
Essays | |
From Conservation to Environment | |
Conservation as Reclamation | |
Women and Conservation | |
Wilderness Preservation in the Twentieth Century | |
Documents | |
Florence Merriam Bailey on the Early Audubon Women, 1900 | |
Mary Austin on the Wonders of the Desert, 1903 | |
John Muir Advocates Wilderness Preservation, 1912 | |
The National Parks Act, 1916 | |
Chief Luther Standing Bear Gives an Indian View of Wilderness, Recorded in 1933 | |
The Wilderness Act, 1964 | |
Edward Abbey on Industrial Tourism in the National Parks, 1968 | |
Essays | |
The Value of Wilderness | |
Indians and Wilderness | |
The Trouble with Wilderness | |
Urbanizing the Environment in the Twentieth Century | |
Documents | |
A Woman Advocates Civic Cleanliness, 1901 | |
Upton Sinclair on the Chicago Stockyards, 1905 | |
Jane Addams on Garbage in Chicago, 1910 | |
Cartoonists depict Gender and Environmental Politics, 1915-1919 | |
A Black Migrant Experiences the Urban Environment, 1927 | |
Alice Hamilton on Industrial Poisons, 1943 | |
Dwight D. Eisenhower Promotes the Interstate Highway System, 1955 | |
Essays | |
Industrial Pollution and Reform | |
Gender and Environmental Reform | |
Automobiles and the Environment | |
The Emergence of Ecology in the Twentieth Century | |
Documents | |
Ellen Swallow Richards on Human Ecology, 1907 | |
Frederic Clements on Plant Succession, 1916 | |
Henry Gleason on Plant Associations, 1926 | |
Arthur Tansley Introduces the Ecosystem, 1935 | |
Aldo Leopold Proposes a Land Ethic, 1949 | |
Rachel Carson Warns of a Silent Spring, 1962 | |
Eugene Odum on the Stability of the Ecosystem, 1969 | |
Pickett and White on Patch Dynamics, 1985 | |
Essays | |
Ellen SwallowÆs Human Ecology | |
Organic, Economic, and Chaotic Ecology | |
Rachel Carson on Ecology | |
Water and Energy in the Twentieth Century | |
Documents | |
Franklin D. Roosevelt Dedicates Hoover Dam, 1935 | |
The National Environmental Policy Act, 1969 | |
Senator Gaylord Nelson Promotes the First Earth Day, 1970 | |
Hopi Leaders on the Desecration of Their Sacred Lands, 1970 | |
Barry Commoner on the Costs of Nuclear Energy, 1971 | |
David Brower Protests the Damming of the West, 1990 | |
A Reporter on the Human Costs of the Four Corners Coal Plant, 2007 | |
Essays | |
Water and the Environment | |
Energy and the Environment | |
The Environmental Movement | |
Globalization: The United States in the Wider World | |
Documents | |
Carl Anthony Explains Why African-Americans Should Be Environmentalists, 1990 | |
Principles of Environmental Justice, 1991 | |
Winona LaDuke on Native Struggles for Land and Life, 1999 | |
Reporters Announce a World Population of Six Billion, 1999 | |
Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development, 2002 | |
Rosemary Ruether on Ecofeminism and Globalization, 2005 | |
Al Gore Explains Why Global Warming is a Global Crisis, 2006 | |
The Copenhagen Accord on Climate Change, 2009 | |
Essays | |
Environmental Justice | |
Environmental Philosophy | |
Global Climate Change | |
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