Major Problems in American Immigration and Ethnic History

by Gjerde, Jon; Paterson, Thomas

• ISBN13: 9780395815328
• ISBN10: 0395815320
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-01-12
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

This unique volume explores such themes as the political and economic forces that cause immigration; the alienation and uprootedness that often follow relocation; and the difficult questions of citizenship and assimilation.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Approaches to American Immigration and Ethnic History	1	(29)
Essays	2	(26)
Immigration Portrayed As an Experience of Uprootedness	3	(5)
Oscar Handlin
Immigration Portrayed As an Experience of Transplantation	8	(8)
John Bodnar
The Problem of Assimilation in the United States	16	(6)
John Higham
The Invention of Ethnicity in the United States	22	(6)
Kathleen Neils Conzen
Further Reading	28	(2)
Strangers in the Realm: Migrants to British Colonial North America, 1609--1785	30	(39)
Documents	31	(13)
Olaudah Equiano, an African, Recounts the Horror of Enslavement, 1757	31	(3)
Gottlieb Mittelberger, a German, Describes the Difficulties of Immigration, 1750	34	(3)
William Moraley, an Indentured Servant, Explains the Condition of Labor in Pennsylvania, 1743	37	(1)
Peter Kalm, a Traveler, Observes the Variety of Labor in the Colonies, 1750	38	(2)
Hugh Boulter Recounts the Discontent in Ireland That Resulted in Emigration, 1728	40	(1)
Benjamin Franklin Advises Those Who Might Move to America, 1784	41	(2)
William Byrd II, a Land Speculator, Promotes Immigration, 1736	43	(1)
Essays	44	(23)
Creative Adaptations: Peoples and Cultures	45	(10)
T.H. Breen
Outcome of the Repeopling of British North America on Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans	55	(12)
Russell R. Menard
Further Reading	67	(2)
Nation and Citizenship in the Age of Revolution, 1750--1800	69	(27)
Documents	70	(12)
Benjamin Franklin Opposes the Migration of Non-English into the Colonies, 1755	70	(3)
Daniel Dulany, a Jurist, Defends the Rights of Aliens in Maryland, 1758	73	(1)
Patrick M'Robert Defends Immigration, 1774	74	(1)
J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur Celebrates the Possibilities of America for Its Immigrants, 1782	75	(3)
The German Press in Philadelphia Defends the War for Independence, 1776	78	(1)
African Americans Petition for Their Freedom, 1774--1777	78	(2)
Congress Establishes Its Initial Policy on Naturalization, 1790	80	(1)
Congress Restricts the Rights of Aliens, 1798	81	(1)
Essays	82	(13)
The Creation of Citizenship in the British American Colonies and Early United States	82	(7)
James H. Kettner
The Creation of American Identity in the Late Eighteenth Century	89	(6)
Arthur Mann
Further Reading	95	(1)
European Migration and the Radical Attempt to Conserve, 1830--1880	96	(37)
Documents	97	(15)
Gottfried Duden, a German, Assesses the Possibilities for Immigrants to Missouri, 1827	98	(2)
Svein Nilsson Chronicles Norwegian American Immigration to Wisconsin, 1868--1870	100	(2)
Robert Whyte Explains the Irish Migration Following the Potato Famine, 1847	102	(2)
James Burn Describes Irish and German Immigrants in New York City, 1850	104	(3)
Swedish Women and Men Observe the ``Freedom'' and Opportunity in America, 1841--1848	107	(2)
A German American Family Changes Its Assessment of American Life, 1850--1857	109	(2)
A Graphic Portrayal of a Chain Migration from Sweden, 1866--1883	111	(1)
Essays	112	(20)
Irish Immigrants Who Perceive America as Exile	113	(10)
Kerby A. Miller
German Catholic Immigrants Who Make Their Own America	123	(9)
Kathleen Neils Conzen
Further Reading	132	(1)
Nativism and Becoming American at Midcentury, 1830--1860	133	(37)
Documents	134	(17)
Lyman Beecher Warns About Immigrants Flooding into the American West, 1835	134	(2)
Samuel F.B. Morse Enumerates the ``Dangers'' of the Roman Catholic Immigrant, 1835	136	(2)
Maria Monk, a Supposed Escaped Nun, Recounts the Perils of the Convent, 1835	138	(2)
Frederick Saunders, a Nativist, Considers the Dangers of Immigration to the Republic, 1856	140	(4)
Thomas Whitney, an Anti-Catholic, Compares ``Romanism'' and ``Republicanism,'' 1856	144	(3)
The Know Nothings, ``The American Party,'' Defend Their Political Movement, 1855	147	(2)
Portrayals of Immigrants in Political Cartoons of the Era	149	(2)
Walt Whitman Celebrates the Diversity in the United States, 1855	151	(1)
Essays	151	(17)
The Ideology of the Know Nothing Party	152	(8)
Tyler Anbinder
The Relationship Between the Portrayal of Irish Americans and Citizenship at Midcentury	160	(8)
Dale Knobel
Further Reading	168	(2)
Emigration and Return: Migration Patterns in the Industrial Age, 1850--1920	170	(34)
Documents	171	(14)
Let Chew, a Chinese Immigrant, Describes Life in the United States and Denounces Anti-Chinese Prejudice, 1882	172	(2)
Immigrants Recall Their Life in Eastern Europe and their Emigration, 1915--1923	174	(2)
A Slovenian Recounts Varying Assessments of America Made by Returned Immigrants, 1909	176	(4)
Mary Antin, a Russian Woman, encounters Anti-Semitic Violence and Flees Russia, 1912	180	(2)
Mexican Ballads Justify and Condemn Immigration, 1924	182	(2)
Chinese Immigrants Explain Their Migration and Lament Their Detention, 1910--1940	184	(1)
Essays	185	(17)
The Relationship Between American Money and Italian Land in Stimulating Return Migration	185	(10)
Dino Cinel
The Chinese Migration to the United States in the Context of the Larger Chinese Diaspora	195	(7)
Sucheng Chan
Further Reading	202	(2)
Industrial Immigrants in the City and in the Countryside, 1880--1920	204	(34)
Documents	205	(14)
Jacob Riis Describes the Impoverished Tenements of New York City, 1890	205	(2)
A Portrait of Sweatshop Labor in New York City, 1895	207	(1)
A New York Politician Justifies the Urban Political Machine, 1905	208	(2)
The Yiddish Press in New York City, 1902	210	(2)
Two Italian Americans Recount the 1912 Lawrence, Massachusetts, Strike	212	(1)
Three Chinese Americans Recall Life and Labor in Their Ethnic Community, 1877--1917	213	(3)
A Sociologist Analyzes the Process of Assimilation Among Slavic Immigrants, 1910	216	(3)
Essays	219	(17)
Immigrants Adjust to Industrial Labor, ``Clock Time,'' and Unionization in the Early Twentieth Century	219	(10)
Herbert Gutman
The Interactions of Race and Class in Agricultural Labor	229	(7)
Tomas Almaguer
Further Reading	236	(2)
Women and Children Immigrants Amid a Patriarchal World	238	(35)
Documents	239	(13)
Sociologists Describe the Disruption of Familial Solidarity Resulting from Immigration, 1918	239	(3)
Jane Addams Renounces the Patriarchal Authority of Immigrant Households, 1910	242	(2)
A Depiction of the Patriarchal Immigrant Household in Greenwich Village, 1920--1930	244	(2)
Two Italian Americans Analyze Changing Familial and Gender Patterns Among Immigrants, 1939	246	(2)
Swedish Americans Debate the Consequences of Changing Gender Roles Among Immigrants in America, 1896--1914	248	(1)
Mexican Ballads Ridicule Women's Changing Behavior, 1924	249	(1)
A Chinese American Woman Details Life as a Prostitute in America, 1898	250	(2)
Essays	252	(19)
Changes Between Women and Men in the Irish American Family	252	(10)
Hasia Diner
Changes Between Daughters and Parents in the Mexican American Family	262	(9)
Vicki L. Ruiz
Further Reading	271	(2)
Racialization of Immigrants, 1880--1930	273	(34)
Documents	274	(16)
Samuel Gompers Racializes Chinese American Labor, 1902	275	(3)
The Asiatic Exclusion League Argues that Asians Cannot Be Assimilated, 1911	278	(2)
Fu Chi Hao, Chinese American, Reprimands Americans for Anti-Chinese Attitudes and Law, 1907	280	(1)
A Racialized Description of Immigrants from Europe, 1915	281	(2)
A Sociologist Portrays the Racial Dimensions of Immigrants from Europe, 1914	283	(2)
Congressman John Box Objects to Mexican Immigrants, 1928	285	(3)
Thind v. United States: The United States Supreme Court Clarifies the Meaning of ``White,'' 1923	288	(2)
Essays	290	(15)
The Evolution of Thought on Race and the Development of Scientific Racism	291	(8)
John Higham
The Evolution of Legal Constructions of Race and ``Whiteness''	299	(6)
Ian F. Haney-Lopez
Further Reading	305	(2)
Responses to Immigration: Exclusion, Restriction, and Americanization, 1880--1924	307	(36)
Documents	308	(14)
Josiah Strong, a Protestant Clergyman, Considers the ``Perils'' of Immigration, 1885	309	(1)
The Immigration Restriction League Outlines the ``Immigration Problem,'' 1894	310	(2)
Emma Lazarus's Poem at the Foot of the Statue of Liberty, 1883	312	(1)
A German American Attacks, ``False Americanism,'' 1889	312	(2)
A Jewish American Playwright Celebrates the American ``Melting Pot,'' 1909	314	(2)
Theodore Roosevelt Advocates ``Americanism,'' 1915	316	(2)
Randolph Bourne Promotes Cultural Pluralism, 1916	318	(3)
The Governor of Iowa Proclaims English the State's Official Language, 1917	321	(1)
Essays	322	(19)
Efforts at Americanization in the Industrial Workplace, 1914--1921	323	(9)
Stephen Meyer
The Varieties of Ethnic Pluralism in American Thought	332	(9)
John Higham
Further Reading	341	(2)
Immigrant and Ethnic Life in Twentieth-Century America, 1924--1965	343	(38)
Documents	344	(16)
Mary Paik Lee, a Korean American Confronts Racism in Los Angeles, 1921, 1941	345	(2)
Carey McWilliams Describes South Asian and Mexican Agricultural Laborers, 1939	347	(2)
Carlos Almazan, a Mexican American, Recounts Life in the United States and His Desire to Leave, [1927]	349	(2)
Carlos Bulosan, A Filipino American, Depicts His Ambivalence About America's Kindness and Cruelty, 1937	351	(2)
Dominic Del Turco, an Italian American Laborer, Remembers Union Organizing, 1934	353	(3)
Yuen Tim Gong, a Chinese American ``Paper Son,'' Recalls His Life in California, 1920--1931	356	(2)
A Chinese American Describes His Detention Upon Arrival in San Francisco, ca. 1945	358	(2)
Essays	360	(19)
The Impact of the Great Depression on Local Ethnic Institutions in Chicago	360	(10)
Lizabeth Cohen
The Role of Popular Culture in Changing the Mexican American Community in Los Angeles Between 1920 and 1935	370	(9)
George Sanchez
Further Reading	379	(2)
Immigrants and Ethnics Amid Depression and War, 1929--1965	381	(34)
Documents	382	(1)
Documents and Reminiscences Recall the Mexican Repatriation in the 1930s	383	(11)
Congressional Testimony Advocating Resolutions to Admit German Refugee Children, 1939	385	(2)
Yoshiko Uchida, a Japanese American Woman, Remembers Her Family's Relocation During World War II, 1942	387	(2)
Nicholas Gage, a Greek Refugee, Recounts His Escape from His Homeland, 1949	389	(2)
An Eminent Sociologist Analyzes the ``American Way of Life,'' 1956	391	(3)
Essays	394	(19)
World War II and the Forced Relocation of Japanese Americans	395	(9)
Roger Daniels
The Influence of World War II on Changing the American Identity	404	(9)
Philip Gleason
Further Reading	413	(2)
Immigration and Ethnicity in the Post-Industrial World, 1965 to the Present	415	(35)
Documents	416	(13)
A Chicano Conference Advocates the Creation of Atzlan, 1969	417	(1)
A ``White Ethnic'' Differentiates PIGS from WASPs, 1972	417	(2)
A Latino and an African American Debate the Construction of Race, 1996	419	(3)
A Person of Mixed Race Explores Notions of Race, 1991	422	(1)
The U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform Assesses Current Immigration Policy, 1994	423	(2)
The Disadvantages of Immigration Reform, 1996	425	(2)
National Research Council Stresses the Advantages of Immigration, 1997	427	(2)
Essays	429	(19)
The Influence of Political Change in the 1960s on Mexican American Attitudes Toward Mexican Immigration	430	(10)
David G. Gutierrez
An Attempt to Move Beyond Multiculturalism to a Postethnic America	440	(8)
David H. Hollinger
Further Reading	448	(2)
Immigration Transforms America, 1965 to the Present	450	(35)
Documents	451	(14)
A Caribbean American Observes Life in New York City, 1971--1976	451	(3)
Santiago Maldonado, a Mexican American, Details the Lives of Undocumented Immigrants in Texas, 1994	454	(1)
A Cuban Flees to the United States, 1979	455	(3)
A Hmong's Story of Escape from Laos, 1975	458	(2)
Valerie Corpus, a Skilled Filipina American, Reflects on the Advantages and Disadvantages of Life in the United States, 1979	460	(1)
A Korean American's Bitter Life in the United States, 1984--1992	461	(2)
A Vietnamese American Considers Changing Relations Between Parents and Children in the United States, 1978--1984	463	(2)
Essays	465	(20)
The Recent Era of Immigration to the United States, 1965 to the Present	465	(10)
Elliott Barkan
New Ethnic Patterns of Residence: The First Suburban Chinatown	475	(10)
Timothy Fong
Further Reading	485