Making Business Districts Work: Leadership and Management of Downtown, Main Street, Business District, and Community Development Org

by Feit; Marvin D

• ISBN13: 9780789023919
• ISBN10: 0789023911
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2006-07-18
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

Unprecedented, broad coverage of downtown and community development topics from a practitioner's viewpoint! Making Business Districts Work: Leadership and Management of Downtown, Main Street, Business District, and Community Development Organizations is the essential desk reference for downtown and community business district professionals and board members. It's also a complete survey of all the skills and information students will need as they emerge from school and begin work in this challenging profession. The book covers nearly all aspects of leading and managing downtown and community development organizations, from planning and implementing programs and policies, to evaluating successes and failures. Charts, tables, photographs, chapter analyses, and Web resources make this vital text even more essential. An unprecedented diversity of perspectives makes this book unique, with contributions from the United States, Canada, and Portugal, and from small, medium, and large cities. Case studies provide a sharp focus on events that have something to teach every student and professional in the field. These include a look at how Lower Manhattan dealt with the crisis during and after September 11, 2001, how Los Angeles deals with an overwhelming homelessness crisis, and the 20-year planning and development of a major revitalization project in Kalamazoo, Michigan. In addition, Making Business Districts Work covers: downtown/business district management--an essential state-of-the-art overview plus examinations of developing leadership roles, vision-driven organizations, and the leadership versus management debate organization--structures, governance, human resources, staffing structure, finance, and fundraising operations--strategic planning, diversity, and advocacy marketing and communicating--with downtown, shopping, and electronic applications management of a downtown district--safety and cleanliness, urban design, hospitality, transportation, parking, social atmosphere, and hiring consultants development secrets for downtown districts--economic and residential development, attracting the right retailers and a solid retail base, regional attractions, and political considerations international perspectives from Canada and Portugal a look at how the field has evolved--and where it is likely to go in the near future Making Business Districts Work presents step-by-step instructions for performing a host of essential tasks in the business district revitalization field, but more than that, it clearly shows how America's most experienced and successful downtown executives handle these responsibilities. Whether you are involved in practice or academia in urban planning, public administration, social work, architecture, international studies, public policy, political science, or business administration, Making Business Districts Work provides tools, skills, and insights to help you--or your students--succeed.

Table of Contents

About the Editors	xvii
Contributors	xix
Introduction	1	(4)
PART I: THE FIELD OF DOWNTOWN AND BUSINESS DISTRICT MANAGEMENT	5	(28)
The State of Business District Revitalization	7	(4)
Brad Segal
Leading the Downtown	11	(4)
Richard Bradley
A Long History of Leadership	12	(1)
Continuous Demands for Leadership	12	(1)
Leadership As a Collective and Cooperative Undertaking	13	(1)
Leadership As Initiating and Managing Change	13	(2)
The New Role of Downtown Leaders	15	(8)
Richard T. Reinhard
Comparing Past and Present	15	(1)
Some Specific Causes of Change	15	(1)
Reality of Today	16	(1)
Spectrum of Changes	17	(3)
Conclusion	20	(3)
The Vision-Driven Downtown Organization	23	(10)
David Feehan
Creating a Shared Vision	23	(2)
The Vision Statement	25	(2)
Past Experience, Future Vision	27	(6)
PART II: ORGANIZING THE DOWNTOWN CORPORATION	33	(60)
Complex Organizational Structures	35	(10)
James A. Cloar
Background	35	(1)
Simple Structures	36	(1)
Evolving Responses	36	(1)
Expanded Missions	37	(1)
Complex Structure Models	38	(1)
Case Study: Downtown St. Louis	38	(3)
Points to Consider	41	(4)
Boards and Committees---Governance	45	(12)
Kate Joncas
Introduction	45	(1)
Conflicts of Interest	46	(1)
Achieving Consensus	47	(2)
Successful Relationships with Organizations	49	(2)
Too Many Issues, Too Little Time	51	(2)
The New Reality: Local Business Leadership Is No Longer Local	53	(4)
Making the Most of Human Resources	57	(8)
Catherine Coleman
Introduction	57	(1)
Who's the Boss?	58	(1)
Good Management Begins with Good Employees	58	(3)
Motivating Employees and Building the Team	61	(1)
Know the Law and Follow the Rules	61	(1)
A Bad Apple Can Spoil the Bunch	62	(1)
No Need to Reinvent the Wheel	62	(3)
Financial Management---Keeping the Numbers Straight	65	(10)
Michael Weiss
Getting Started	65	(1)
Assessments and Revenue	66	(1)
Preparing a Budget	67	(1)
Revenue	68	(1)
Cash Flow	68	(1)
Expenses	68	(1)
Financial Records and Reports	69	(1)
Expense Monitoring	69	(1)
Internal Controls	70	(1)
Audits	71	(1)
Reporting to Your Board and Others	72	(1)
Staffing and Skills Required	72	(1)
Conclusion	73	(2)
Staffing Structure and Compensation Management	75	(6)
Dong Soo Kim
David Feehan
Sarah Rose
Introduction	75	(1)
About the Survey	75	(1)
CEO Characteristics	76	(1)
Downtown Organizations	76	(1)
Compensation	77	(1)
Staffing	78	(1)
Funding	79	(1)
Conclusion	79	(2)
Resource Raising As a Downtown Management and Revitalization Strategy	81	(12)
Tom Verploegen
Quality, Quality, Quality	81	(1)
Defining Resource Raising	81	(1)
Three Resource-Raising Categories	82	(1)
Resource Raising: General Examples	83	(1)
Resource Raising: Specific Examples	84	(2)
The 5 Ws and H	86	(3)
How to Close the Deal	89	(4)
PART III: OPERATING IN A COMPLEX ENVIRONMENT	93	(34)
Strategic Planning---Charting the Course	95	(14)
Sandra Goldstein
Introduction	95	(1)
What Is Strategic Planning?	96	(1)
What Are the Benefits of Strategic Planning?	96	(1)
What Are the Steps in the Strategic Planning Process?	96	(2)
How Is a Work Plan Created Through the Strategic Planning Process?	98	(2)
Where Do You Start?	100	(1)
What Is the SWOT Analysis?	100	(2)
Outcomes	102	(1)
How Is the Work Plan Reinforced?	103	(1)
Conclusion	103	(1)
Appendix A: Stamford Downtown Special Services District	104	(5)
Diversity: Incorporating and Benefiting from Differences	109	(6)
Barbara Askins
Introduction	109	(1)
What Does Diversity Mean for Downtown Organizations?	110	(1)
Benefits of Inclusion	111	(1)
Tools and Strategies	112	(1)
Goals and Objectives	112	(1)
Actions of the Board of Directors	113	(1)
Moving into the Future	114	(1)
Attracting and Keeping Members	115	(8)
Polly McMullen
Background and History	115	(2)
Downtowns Today: Membership Organizations and BIDs	117	(1)
Downtown Membership Programs and Services	118	(2)
Attracting and Retaining Members: Best Practices from Cities Large and Small	120	(1)
Trends in Downtown Membership Programs	121	(2)
The Advocacy Role of a Downtown Organization	123	(4)
Richard T. Reinhard
Organizational Structure	124	(1)
Consensus	124	(1)
The Downtown Plan	125	(2)
PART IV: MARKETING AND COMMUNICATING	127	(34)
Creating the Downtown Experience: The New Fundamentals for Downtown Programming	129	(10)
Stephen J. Moore
Making Shopping Fun Again	129	(1)
New Fundamentals	130	(1)
Seven Areas of Programming	131	(6)
Conclusion	137	(2)
Marketing the Shopping Experience	139	(12)
Maureen Atkinson
Introduction	139	(1)
Downtown's Shopping Image	140	(1)
The Retail Marketing Planning Process	140	(11)
Electronic Marketing	151	(10)
Andrew M. Taft
Active Electronic Marketing	151	(3)
Passive Electronic Marketing	154	(1)
Updating	155	(1)
Maximizing the Potential of Your Site	156	(1)
Feedback---Sustaining the Information Search	157	(1)
Guerilla Marketing	158	(3)
PART V: MANAGING DOWNTOWN'S MANY ELEMENTS	161	(106)
Clean and Safe---Basic Requirements	163	(8)
Rob DeGraff
Clean Programs	163	(2)
Safe Programs	165	(1)
Special Programs Enhancing Safe Programs	166	(3)
Ordinances	169	(1)
Accountability	170	(1)
The Public Realm and Urban Design	171	(8)
Jill M. Frick
Introduction	171	(1)
The Importance of Good Urban Design	172	(1)
Guidelines and Principles of Urban Design	173	(2)
Design and Planning Process: Internal versus External Strategic Planning	175	(1)
How Downtowns Use Design to Create a Sense of Place	176	(2)
Conclusion	178	(1)
Managing Hospitality	179	(14)
James E. Peters
Perspective	180	(1)
Trends	180	(1)
2020 Vision	181	(1)
Hospitality, Safety, and Development	182	(3)
Learning by Example	185	(4)
Conclusion	189	(1)
Recommendations	190	(3)
Transportation Management and Downtown Revitalization	193	(14)
Elizabeth Jackson
Downtown As a Historic Transportation Hub	193	(1)
Transportation and Downtowns of the Future	194	(1)
Urban Transportation Basics	194	(4)
Managing Transportation---Role of the Downtown Organization	198	(6)
The Bottom Line: Creating Transportation Choice	204	(3)
Parking: Finding Solutions	207	(8)
E. Larry Fonts
Proven Options	207	(1)
Improve the Appearance	208	(1)
Improve Public Safety	208	(1)
Proactive Strategies	209	(1)
Pegasus Parking	210	(2)
Business Issues	212	(1)
Expansion Opportunities	213	(1)
Summary	214	(1)
``Best in Class'' Parking Operations	215	(30)
Dennis Burns
Introduction	215	(1)
Parking 101: Choose Any Two	215	(2)
Characteristics of Effective Parking Programs	217	(24)
Case Examples: Exceptional Parking Programs	241	(2)
Summary	243	(2)
Managing Downtown's Social Behavior	245	(16)
Elizabeth Jackson
Introduction: Furthering the Social Environment of Downtown	245	(1)
Understanding the Problem	246	(1)
Tools of Response	246	(5)
Communication	251	(1)
Picking Your Partners	252	(2)
Building Partnerships	254	(2)
Measuring Success	256	(2)
Conclusion	258	(1)
Useful Resources	259	(2)
Getting the Right Consultant for the Right Job	261	(6)
Richard Marshall
Setting Goals for the Project	261	(1)
Issuing the Request for Proposal	262	(1)
Reviewing the Submissions and Interviewing the Consultants	263	(1)
Making the Decision	264	(1)
Doing the Work	264	(1)
Conclusion	264	(3)
PART VI: DISCOVERING DOWNTOWN'S DEVELOPMENT SECRETS	267	(64)
Economic Development for BIDS	269	(14)
Gary Ferguson
A Definition of Economic Development	269	(1)
Downtowns and Economic Development Policy	270	(1)
Points of Divergence and Convergence	270	(2)
The Role of BIDS in Economic Development	272	(1)
Economic Development Intervention	272	(1)
The BID As Data Manager	273	(1)
The BID As a Business Facilitator	274	(1)
Managing Prospects	275	(1)
Start-Up and Expansion Businesses	276	(2)
Business Retention Strategies	278	(2)
Making Projects Happen	280	(1)
Intervention Options: Concluding Remarks	281	(2)
Residential Development: Creating a Living Downtown	283	(10)
Dan Carmody
Historical Trends	283	(2)
Housing's Link to Economic Development	285	(1)
Residential Development Prerequisites	286	(1)
Housing Market by Sector	287	(1)
Affordable Housing	288	(1)
Urban Housing Is Different	289	(3)
Conclusion	292	(1)
Retail Revitalization and Recruitment	293	(18)
Maureen Atkinson
John Archer
Understanding Retailing	293	(1)
Creative Planning	294	(2)
The Process	296	(1)
Revitalization and Recruitment Action-Plan Schedule	297	(1)
Step 1: Get the Facts	298	(6)
Step 2: Retail Recruitment Strategy	304	(7)
A Guide to Developing a Retail Base	311	(10)
H. Blount Hunter
Background	311	(1)
Step 1: Create an ``Inventory'' of Downtown Attributes	312	(1)
Step 2: Define the Nature of Downtown's Retail Challenge	312	(1)
Step 3: Evaluate Prevailing Usage and Customer Perceptions of Downtown	313	(1)
Step 4: Document Downtown's Trade-Area Drawing Power and Its Mercantile and Dining Successes	314	(1)
Step 5: Identify Downtown's Most Sustainable Competitive Retail Niche	315	(1)
Step 6: Pinpoint the Retail ``Bulls-eye'' and Acknowledge the Need for a Critical Mass	315	(1)
Step 7: Target the Most Appropriate Retailers for Success	316	(1)
Step 8: Groom Downtown for Long-Term Retail Evolution	317	(1)
A Practical Model of Downtown Retail Evolution	318	(3)
``One-of-a-Kind'' Regional Attractions	321	(4)
Donald E. Hunter
Cycles of Change	321	(1)
Revitalization in Downtown	322	(3)
Managing the Politics of Downtown Redevelopment Projects	325	(6)
N. David Milder
Introduction	325	(1)
Redevelopment Projects Are Prone to Generating Conflicts	326	(1)
Some Do's and Don'ts	327	(4)
PART VII: INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES	331	(40)
Canada As an Urban Country	333	(12)
Douglas B. Clark
Introduction	333	(1)
Economic Development, Tax Policy, and the New Economy	334	(3)
Canadian Cities Today	337	(3)
Housing	340	(1)
Homelessness	341	(1)
Transportation	342	(3)
Case Studies from Around the World	345	(12)
Sarah Rose
South Africa	345	(3)
Serbia	348	(2)
United Kingdom	350	(3)
Ireland	353	(2)
A Common Goal	355	(2)
Commercial Urbanism in Portugal: Evolution and Future Perspectives	357	(14)
Carlos J. L. Balsas
Introduction	357	(1)
Evolution of Commercial Urbanism in Portugal	358	(1)
PROCOM and URBCOM Programs	359	(3)
Case Studies: Aveiro, Coimbra, and Porto	362	(1)
Conclusion and Recommendations	363	(8)
PART VIII: CASE STUDIES	371	(40)
The Kalamazoo Prism: Downtown Michigan Metamorphosis	373	(18)
John E. Hopkins
Kenneth A. Nacci
Authors' Perspective	373	(1)
Introduction	373	(1)
Kalamazoo	374	(6)
Key Elements of Project Downtown	380	(3)
Stakeholders and Their Roles	383	(3)
Cutting-Edge Collaboration	386	(1)
Lessons Learned	386	(2)
The Challenges That Lie Ahead	388	(3)
Incredible Crisis and Downtown Response: Alliance for Downtown New York	391	(12)
Carl Weisbrod
Jennifer Hensley
The Homeless Situation in Los Angeles and the BID Response	403	(8)
Kent Smith
The Role of Business Improvement Districts	404	(1)
The Class Action Lawsuit	405	(1)
The Personal Possession Check-In Facility	405	(1)
Outreach Teams	406	(1)
Addressing Disorderly Behavior	407	(1)
The Positive Effect of Residential Development	407	(1)
Steps to Address the Situation	408	(1)
An Optimistic Outlook	409	(2)
PART IX: REEVALUATING THE PAST AND ANTICIPATING FUTURE ADVENTURES	411	(12)
Looking Backward, Looking Forward: The Future of Downtowns and Business Districts	413	(10)
Paul Levy
Looking Backward	413	(2)
Looking at Today	415	(1)
Looking Forward	415	(8)
Index	423