Making Literature Matter : An Anthology for Readers and Writers

by John Schilb; John Clifford

• ISBN13: 9780312436117
• ISBN10: 0312436114
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Trade Paper
• Copyright: 2005-10-25
• Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's

Summary

Making Literature Mattercombines an innovative writing text with a uniquely organized anthology for introductory literature courses that emphasize critical thinking and writing. The third edition addresses new trends in literature and composition, with more instruction on writing arguments and unique clusters that pair literary and visual texts for analysis.

Author Biography

JOHN SCHILB (Ph.D., State University of New York -- Binghamton) is an associate professor of English at Indiana University, Bloomington, where he holds the Culbertson Chair in Writing. He has coedited Contending with Words: Composition and Rhetoric in a Postmodern Age (1991) and, with John Clifford, Writing Theory and Critical Theory (1994). He is author of Between the Lines: Relating Composition Theory and Literary Theory (1996).

JOHN CLIFFORD (Ph.D., New York University) is a professor of English at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington. Author or editor of several composition textbooks, he has published numerous scholarly articles on pedagogy, critical theory and composition theory, and has edited two books on those subjects: The Experience of Reading: Louis Rosenblatt and Reader-Response Theory (1991) and, with John Schilb, Writing Theory and Critical Theory.

Table of Contents

Preface for Instructors	iii
Contents by Genre	xxiii
PART ONE Working with Literature
1. What Is Literature? How and Why Does It Matter?	3	(11)
JAMES WRIGHT, Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy's Farm in Pine Island, Minnesota (poem)	3	(1)
How Have People Defined Literature?	4	(3)
What about Literature Has Mattered to People?	7	(1)
What Can You Do to Make Literature Matter to Others?	8	(5)
FRANZ WRIGHT, Flight (poem)	10	(3)
Summing Up	13	(1)
2. Thinking and Reading Critically	14	(43)
Approaching Literature	15	(1)
Thinking Critically: The Value of Argument	16	(2)
Responding to Two Stories about Work	18	(19)
DANIEL OROZCO, Orientation (story)	18	(5)
JAMAICA KINCAID, Girl (story)	23	(3)
The Elements of Argument	26	(11)
Issues,	26	(7)
Claims,	33	(1)
Persuasion,	34	(1)
Audience,	35	(1)
Evidence,	35	(1)
Wan-ants,	36	(1)
Reading Critically	37	(12)
MAURA STANTON, Shoplifters (poem)	38	(9)
Steps to Reading Critically: An Analysis of "Shoplifters,"	39	(6)
Maura Stanton's Response to the Analysis,	45	(2)
Literature as Argument	47	(1)
JOHN MILTON, When I consider how my light is spent (poem)	47	(2)
Investigating Topics of Literary Criticism	49	(6)
LYNDA HULL, Night Waitress (poem)	50	(5)
Summing Up	55	(2)
3. The Writing Process	57	(39)
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, The Solitary Reaper (poem)	57	(1)
Exploring	58	(6)
Planning	64	(4)
Composing	68	(6)
Title,	68	(1)
Style,	69	(1)
Introduction,	70	(1)
Development,	70	(1)
Emphasis,	71	(2)
Conclusion,	73	(1)
Further Suggestions for Developing an Argument about a Work of Literature	74	(1)
Sample Student Paper: First Draft	75	(3)
ABBY HAZELTON, The Passage of Time in "The Solitary Reaper"	75	(3)
Revising	78	(3)
Logic,	78	(1)
Organization,	79	(1)
Clarity,	79	(1)
Emphasis,	79	(1)
Style,	79	(1)
Grammar,	79	(1)
Physical Appearance,	79	(2)
Recognizing and Avoiding Fallacies	81	(3)
Sample Student Paper: Revised Draft	84	(3)
ABBY HAZELTON, The Passage of Time in "The Solitary Reaper"	84	(3)
Writing a Comparative Paper	87	(3)
TED KOOSER, Four Secretaries (poem)	88	(2)
Sample Comparative Paper	90	(4)
MARLA TRACY, When Singing Is Not Singing	91	(3)
Summing Up	94	(2)
4. Writing about Stories	96	(35)
WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS, The Use of Force	97	(2)
EUDORA WELTY, A Visit of Charity	99	(4)
REBECCA BROWN, The Gift of Sweat	103	(4)
Students' Personal Responses to the Stories	107	(3)
The Elements of Short Fiction	110	(16)
Plot and Structure,	110	(4)
Point of View,	114	(2)
Characters,	116	(2)
Setting,	118	(1)
Imagery,	119	(1)
Language,	120	(1)
Theme,	121	(5)
Sample Student Paper: Final Draft	126	(4)
ALISON CALDWELL, Forms of Blindness in "The Use of Force"	126	(4)
Summing Up	130	(1)
5. Writing about Poems	131	(26)
ROSANNA WARREN, In Creve Coeur, Missouri	133	(1)
CHARLES FORT, We Did Not Fear the Father	133	(1)
PHILIP LEVINE, What Work Is	134	(1)
MARY OLIVER, Singapore	135	(1)
YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA, Blackberries	136	(1)
EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON, The Mill	137	(1)
JIMMY SANTIAGO BACA, So Mexicans Are Taking Jobs from Americans	137	(2)
LOUISE ERDRICH, The Lady in the Pink Mustang	139	(1)
A Student's Personal Responses to the Poems	140	(3)
Sample Student Paper: First Draft	143	(3)
MICHAELA FIORRUCI, Boundaries in Robinson, Komunyakaa, and Oliver	143	(3)
The Elements of Poetry	146	(6)
Speaker and Tone,	146	(1)
Diction and Syntax,	146	(1)
Figures of Speech,	147	(2)
Sound,	149	(1)
Rhythm and Meter,	150	(1)
Theme,	151	(1)
Sample Student Paper: Revised Draft	152	(3)
MICHAELA FIORRUCI, Negotiating Boundaries	152	(3)
Summing Up	155	(2)
6. Writing about Plays	157	(20)
TENNESSEE WILLIAMS, From The Glass Menagerie (scene)	158	(4)
MARSHA NORMAN, From 'night, Mother (scene)	162	(3)
The Elements of Drama	165	(7)
Plot and Structure,	165	(2)
Characters,	167	(1)
Stage Directions and Setting,	168	(1)
Imagery,	169	(1)
Language,	170	(1)
Theme,	171	(1)
Sample Student Paper: Final Draft	172	(4)
TIM KERWIN, The Significance of What Jessie "Thinks"	172	(4)
Summing Up	176	(1)
7. Writing about Essays	177	(24)
JUNE JORDAN, Many Rivers to Cross	178	(6)
ALICE WALKER, In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens	184	(7)
A Student's Personal Response	191	(1)
The Elements of Essays	192	(4)
Voice,	192	(1)
Style,	193	(1)
Structure,	194	(1)
Ideas,	195	(1)
Sample Student Paper	196	(3)
ISLA BRAVO, Resisting Women's Roles	196	(3)
Summing Up	199	(2)
8. Working with a Collection of Writings	201	(9)
WOMEN'S WORK: A Collection of Poems by Marge Piercy	201	(9)
MARGE PIERCY, To Be of Use	202	(2)
MARGE PIERCY, For Strong Women	204	(2)
MARGE PIERCY, The Market Econony	206	(1)
MARGE PIERCY, What's That Smell in the Kitchen?	207	(3)
9. Working with Critical Commentaries	210	(11)
WORK AS METAPHOR: Critical Commentaries on a Poem	210	(4)
ROBERT FROST, After Apple-Picking	211	(3)
CRITICAL COMMENTARIES
ROBERT PENN WARREN, From "The Themes of Robert Frost"	214	(1)
JOHN J. CONDER, From "'After Apple-Picking': Frost's Troubled Sleep"	215	(2)
MARIE BORROFF, From "Robert Frost: 'To Earthward'"	217	(1)
ROBERT FAGGEN, From Robert Frost and the Challenge of Darwin	218	(3)
10. Working with Cultural Contexts	221	(1)
FIGHTING FOR RESPECT: Cultural Contexts for a Story	222	(12)
RALPH ELLISON, Battle Royal	223	(11)
CULTURAL CONTEXTS
BOOKER T. WASHINGTON, Atlanta Exposition Address (The Atlanta Compromise)	234	(4)
W.E.B. DU BOIS, Of Mr. Booker T. Washington	238	(4)
GUNNAR MYRDAL, Social Equality	242	(4)
11. Working with Re-Visions	246	(1)
A DISGRUNTLED WORKER: Re-Visions of a Raymond Carver Story	247	(25)
RAYMOND CARVER, The Bath	247	(7)
RAYMOND CARVER, A Small, Good Thing	254	(18)
12. Working with Texts and Images	272	(1)
PORTRAITS OF SWEEPERS: Poems and Images	272	(12)
WILLIAM BLAKE, The Chimney Sweeper	273	(1)
JULIA ALVAREZ, How I Learned to Sweep	274	(2)
MARILYN CHIN, Autumn Leaves	276	(1)
GORDON PARKS, Ella Watson (photograph)	277	(6)
PART TWO Literature and Its Issues
13. Living in Families	283	(1261)
MEMORIES OF FAMILY: Essays	284	(29)
BRENT STAPLES, The Runaway SOH	285	(7)
ALEXANDRA FULLER, Olivia, January 1978	292	(8)
RICK MOODY, Demonology	300	(8)
N. SCOTT MOMADAY, The Way to Rainy Mountain	308	(5)
RECONCILING WITH FATHERS: Poems	313	(8)
LUCILLE CLIFTON, forgiving my father	314	(1)
ROBERT HAYDEN, Those Winter Sundays	315	(1)
THEODORE ROETHKE, My Papa's Waltz	316	(2)
SHIRLEY GEOK-LIN LIM, Father from Asia	318	(1)
LOUISE GLÜCK, Terminal Resemblance	319	(2)
EXORCISING THE DEAD: Critical Commentaries on a Poem	321	(5)
SYLVIA PLATH, Daddy	323	(3)
CRITICAL COMMENTARIES
MARY LYNN BROE, From Protean Poetic: The Poetry of Sylvia Plath	326	(2)
LYNDA K. BUNDTZEN, From Plath's Incarnations	328	(2)
STEVEN GOULD AXELROD, From Sylvia Plath: The Wound and the Cure of Words	330	(5)
TIM KENDALL, From Sylvia Plath: A Critical Study	335	(4)
MOTHERS AND DAUGHTERS: Stories	339	(24)
TILLIE OLSEN, I Stand Here Ironing	340	(6)
AMY TAN, Two Kinds	346	(9)
ALICE WALKER, Everyday Use	355	(8)
SIBLINGS IN CONFLICT: Stories	363	(37)
TOBIAS WOLFF, The Rich Brother	363	(13)
JAMES BALDWIN, Sonny's Blues	376	(24)
FAMILY DRAMAS: Re-Visions of a Play	400	(60)
TENNESSEE WILLIAMS, The Glass Menagerie	401	(47)
CHRISTOPHER DURANG, For Whom the Southern Belle Tolls	448	(12)
GRANDPARENTS AND LEGACIES: Poems	460	(11)
ELIZABETH COOK-LYNN, Grandfather at the Indian Health Clinic	461	(1)
NIKKI GIOVANNI, Legacies	462	(1)
LINDA HOGAN, Heritage	463	(2)
GARY SOTO, Behind Grandma's House	465	(2)
ALBERTO RIOS, Mi Abuelo	467	(2)
YVONNE V. SAPIA, Grandmother, a Caribbean Indian, Described by My Father	469	(2)
FAMILY BONDS AND BONDAGE: A Collection of Essays by bell hooks	471	(13)
BELL HOOKS, Inspired Eccentricity	472	(6)
BELL HOOKS, Talking Back	478	(4)
BELL HOOKS, Spirit	482	(2)
A FAMILY'S DREAMS: Cultural Contexts for a Play	484	(69)
LORRAINE HANSBERRY, A Raisin in the Sun	485	(68)
CULTURAL CONTEXTS
THE CRISIS, The Hansberrys of Chicago: They Join Business Acumen with Social Vision	553	(2)
LORRAINE HANSBERRY, April 23, 1964, Letter to the New York Times	555	(1)
ALAN EHRENHALT, From The Lost City: Discovering the Forgotten Virtues of Community in the Chicago of the 1950's	556	(9)
SIDNEY POTHER, From The Measure of Man: A Spiritual Autobiography	565	(6)
PARENTAL CRISIS: Stories	571	(28)
ERNEST HEMINGWAY, Hills Like White Elephants	571	(5)
T. CORAGHESSAN BOYLE, The Love of My Life	576	(13)
KATE BRAVERMAN, Pagan Night	589	(10)
GAYS AND LESBIANS IN FAMILIES: Poems	599	(7)
ESSEX HEMPHILL, Commitments	599	(2)
KITTY TSUI, A Chinese Banquet	601	(2)
MINNIE BRUCE PRATT, Two Small-Sized Girls	603	(3)
FAMILY ALBUMS: A Story and Images	606	(12)
DELMORE SCHWARTZ, In Dreams Begin Responsibilities	607	(6)
ROSE AND HARRY SCHWARTZ (photograph)	613	(1)
DELMORE SCHWARTZ (photograph)	614	(3)
14. Loving	617	(1)
TRUE LOVE: Poems	618	(10)
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Let me not to the marriage of true minds	619	(1)
ANNE BRADSTREET, To My Dear and Loving Husband	620	(1)
E.E. CUMMINGS, somewhere i have never travelled	621	(1)
WISLAWA SZYMBORSKA, True Love	622	(2)
SHARON OLDS, True Love	624	(2)
MICHAEL S. HARPER, Discovery	626	(2)
ROMANTIC DREAMS: Stories	628	(18)
LESLIE MARMON SILKO, Yellow Woman	628	(8)
JAMES JOYCE, Araby	636	(5)
JOHN UPDIKE, A&P	641	(5)
LOVE AND MYTH: Essays	646	(11)
DIANE ACKERMAN, Orpheus and Eurydice	647	(3)
CAROL GILLIGAN, Psyche and Cupid	650	(7)
A SEDUCTIVE ARGUMENT: Re-Visions of a Poem	657	(5)
ANDREW MARVELL, To His Coy Mistress	658	(2)
PETER DE VRIES, To His Importunate Mistress	660	(2)
TO LOVE OR NOT TO LOVE: Critical Commentaries on a Poem	662	(5)
T.S. ELIOT, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock	663	(4)
CRITICAL COMMENTARIES
CHARLES CHILD WALCUTT, Eliot's "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"	667	(2)
BRUCE HAYMAN, From "How Old Is Prufrock? Does He Want to Get Married?"	669	(3)
LEON WALDOFF, From "Prufrock's Defenses and Our Response"	672	(2)
HEATHER BROWN, The Ambiguity of Romance in "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"	674	(4)
MELINDA HOLLIS, Prufrock's Road to Love Is Paved with Irony	678	(4)
THE APPEARANCE OF LOVE: A Collection of Writings by Kate Chopin	682	(13)
KATE CHOPIN, The Storm	683	(5)
KATE CHOPIN, The Story of an Hour	688	(2)
KATE CHOPIN, Desiree's Baby	690	(5)
IS THIS LOVE?: Stories	695	(27)
WILLIAM FAULKNER, A Rose for Emily	696	(7)
RAYMOND CARVER, What We Talk About When We Talk About Love	703	(10)
ZORA NEALE HURSTON, The Gilded Six-Bits	713	(9)
JEALOUS LOVE: A Play and Images	722	(92)
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Othello	723	(88)
EUGÈNE DELACROIX, Desdemona Cursed by Her Father (painting)	811	(1)
EUGÈNE DELACROIX, Othello and Desdemona (painting)	812	(2)
ROMANTIC ILLUSIONS: Cultural Contexts for a Play	814	(50)
DAVID HENRY HWANG, M. Butterfly	815	(49)
CULTURAL CONTEXTS
PAUL GRAY, What Is Love?	864	(3)
ANASTASIA TOUFEXIS, The Right Chemistry	867	(4)
NATHANIEL BRANDEN, Immature Love	871	(4)
LOOKING BACK ON PAST LOVE: Stories	875	(23)
EDITH WHARTON, Roman Fever	875	(10)
ALICE ELLIOTT DARK, The Secret Spot	885	(13)
LOVE AS A HAVEN?: Poems	898	(8)
MATTHEW ARNOLD, Dover Beach	899	(2)
MARK DOTY, Night Ferry	901	(4)
15. Freedom and Confinement	905	(1)
FREEDOM FOR ANIMALS: Poems	906	(10)
MAXINE KUMIN, Woodchucks	906	(2)
D.H. LAWRENCE, Snake	908	(3)
ELIZABETH BISHOP, The Fish	911	(2)
JOHN CLARE, The Badger	913	(3)
CONFINED FOR HER OWN GOOD: Cultural Contexts for a Story	916	(14)
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, The Yellow Wallpaper	917	(13)
CULTURAL CONTEXTS
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, Why I Wrote "The Yellow Wallpaper"	930	(1)
S. WEIR MITCHELL, From "The Evolution of the Rest Treatment"	931	(5)
JOHN HARVEY KELLOGG, From The Ladies' Guide in Health and Disease	936	(5)
THE MARRIAGE TRAP: Plays	941	(66)
HENRIK IBSEN, A Doll House	943	(52)
SUSAN GLASPELL, Trifles	995	(12)
HOBBLED BY LANGUAGE: Critical Commentaries on an Essay	1007	(11)
RICHARD RODRIGUEZ, Aria	1008	(10)
CRITICAL COMMENTARIES
RAMÓN SALDIVAR, From Chicano Narrative	1018	(1)
TOMÁS RIVERA, From "Richard Rodriguez's Hunger of Memory as Humanistic Antithesis"	1019	(2)
VICTOR VILLANUEVA JR., From "Whose Voice Is It Anyway?"	1021	(2)
TRAPPED IN STEREOTYPES: Poems	1023	(10)
CHRYSTOS, Today Was a Bad Day Like TB	1024	(2)
LOUISE ERDRICH, Dear John Wayne	1026	(2)
DWIGHT OKITA, In Response to Executive Order 9066	1028	(1)
DAVID HERNANDEZ, Pigeons	1029	(2)
SONIA SANCHEZ, Song No. 3	1031	(2)
THE CAGE OF CIVILIZATION: Re-Visions of a Story	1033	(13)
FRANZ KAFKA, A Report to an Academy	1034	(6)
STEVEN MILLHAUSER, Kaspar Hauser Speaks	1040	(6)
REMEMBERING THE DEATH CAMPS: Poems	1046	(9)
MARTIN NIEMÖLLER, First They Came for the Jews	1047	(1)
NELLY SACHS, A Dead Child Speaks	1048	(1)
YEVGENY YEVTUSHENKO, Babii Yar	1049	(3)
KAREN GERSHON, Race	1052	(2)
ANNE SEXTON, After Auschwitz	1054	(1)
PRISONERS OF WAR: Stories	1055	(23)
FRANK O'CONNOR, Guests of the Nation	1056	(9)
HARUKI MURAKAMI, Another Way to Die	1065	(13)
A LETTER FROM JAIL: An Essay and Images	1078	(16)
MARTIN LUTHER KING JR., Letter from Birmingham Jail	1079	(15)
Protesting Desegregation in Montgomery, Alabama (photograph)	1092	(1)
The Arrest of Martin Luther King Jr. (photograph)	1092	(1)
Martin Luther King Jr. in Birmingham Jail (photograph)	1093	(1)
A DREAM OF FREEDOM: A Collection of Poems by Langston Hughes	1094	(12)
LANGSTON HUGHES, Let America Be America Again	1095	(3)
LANGSTON HUGHES, Open Letter to the South	1098	(3)
LANGSTON HUGHES, Theme for English B	1101	(1)
LANGSTON HUGHES, Harlem	1102	(3)
16. Doing Justice	1105	(1)
LEARNING ABOUT INJUSTICE: Stories	1106	(23)
TONI CADE BAMBARA, The Lesson	1107	(6)
ZZ PACKER, Brownies	1113	(16)
COMMUNITY JUSTICE: Essays	1129	(35)
SCOTT RUSSELL SANDERS, Doing Time in the Thirteenth Chair	1130	(14)
JOYCE CAROL OATES, I, the Juror	1144	(10)
MAXINE HONG KINGSTON, No Name Woman	1154	(10)
PUNISHMENTS: Poems	1164	(13)
CAROLYN FORCHÉ, The Colonel	1165	(1)
SEAMUS HEANEY, Punishment	1166	(3)
RITA DOVE, Parsley	1169	(3)
SHERMAN ALEXIE, Capital Punishment	1172	(5)
HE SAID/SHE SAID: Re-Visions of a Poem	1177	(5)
ROBERT BROWNING, My Last Duchess	1177	(3)
GABRIEL SPERA, My Ex-Husband	1180	(2)
FIGHTING EVIL: Stories	1182	(20)
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, Young Goodman Brown	1183	(10)
HANIF KUREISHI, My Son, the Fanatic	1193	(9)
AVENGING A KILLING: Stories	1202	(24)
ANDRE DUBUS, Killings	1203	(13)
YIYUN LI, Persimmons	1216	(10)
A GUILTY CONSCIENCE? A Collection of Stories by Edgar Allan Poe	1226	(21)
EDGAR ALLAN POE, The Cask of Amontillado	1226	(6)
EDGAR ALLAN POE, The Tell-Tale Heart	1232	(4)
EDGAR ALLAN POE, Thou Art the Man	1236	(11)
CHARGING A TEACHER WITH SEXUAL HARASSMENT: Cultural Contexts for a Play	1247	(32)
DAVID MAMET, Oleanna	1249	(30)
CULTURAL CONTEXTS
ANITA HILL AND CLARENCE THOMAS, Statements to the United States Senate Judiciary Committee on October 11, 1991	1279	(10)
HOWARD GADLIN, From "Mediating Sexual Harassment"	1289	(7)
ROBERT M. O'NEIL, Protecting Free Speech When the Issue Is Sexual Harassment	1296	(4)
LISA JARDINE, From Oleanna: Sex and Power Games in the Classroom	1300	(4)
MISFIT JUSTICE: Critical Commentaries on a Story	1304	(13)
FLANNERY O'CONNOR, A Good Man Is Hard to Find	1304	(13)
CRITICAL COMMENTARIES
FLANNERY O'CONNOR, From Mystery and Manners	1317	(1)
MARTHA STEPHENS, From The Question of Flannery O'Connor	1318	(4)
MADISON JONES, From "A Good Man's Predicament"	1322	(2)
STEPHEN BANDY, From —One of My Babies': The Misfit and the Grandmother"	1324	(4)
CONSCIENCE ON TRIAL: A Play and Images	1328	(43)
SOPHOCLES, Antigone	1328	(40)
JOSE DOMJAN, Poster for a Production of Antigone	1368	(1)
WIESLAW GRZEGORCZYK, Poster for a Production of Antigone	1369	(1)
MORELAND THEATRE COMPANY, Poster for a Production of Antigone	1370	(1)
UNJUST CITIES: Poems	1371	(9)
WILLIAM BLAKE, London	1372	(1)
COUNTEE CULLEN, Incident	1373	(1)
MARTIN ESPADA, City of Coughing and Dead Radiators	1374	(4)
17. Confronting Mortality	1378	(2)
RELATING BIRTH AND DEATH: Poems	1380	(6)
ELIZABETH SPIRES, The First Day	1380	(2)
GWENDOLYN BROOKS, The Mother	1382	(1)
JOY HARJO, When the World as We Knew It Ended	1383	(3)
FACING CHILDHOOD FEARS: Re-Visions of a Story	1386	(16)
CHARLES PERRAULT, Little Red Riding Hood	1387	(3)
JAKOB AND WILHELM GRIMM, Little Red Cap	1390	(3)
ANGELA CARTER, The Company of Wolves	1393	(9)
THE PASSAGE OF TIME: Poems	1402	(6)
JOHN KEATS, Ode on a Grecian Urn	1403	(2)
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS, Spring and Fall	1405	(2)
A.E. HOUSMAN, Loveliest of trees, the cherry now	1407	(1)
MEMORIALS: Poems	1408	(6)
PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY, Ozymandias	1409	(1)
W.H. AUDEN, The Unknown Citizen	1410	(2)
YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA, Facing It	1412	(2)
FIGHTING FOR SURVIVAL: Stories	1414	(24)
TIM O'BRIEN, The Things They Carried	1414	(14)
JAMESON CURRIER, What They Carried	1428	(10)
LEARNING FROM PERSONAL ENCOUNTERS WITH MORTALITY: Essays	1438	(8)
AUDRE LORDE, The Transformation of Silence into Language and Action	1438	(4)
RAFAEL CAMPO, Just the Facts	1442	(4)
IMAGINING THE END: A Collection of Poems by Emily Dickinson	1446	(6)
EMILY DICKINSON, I like a look of Agony	1447	(1)
EMILY DICKINSON, I've seen a Dying Eye	1448	(1)
EMILY DICKINSON, I heard a Fly buzz — when I died—	1449	(1)
EMILY DICKINSON, Because I could not stop for Death —	1450	(2)
DISRESPECTING DEATH: Poems	1452	(6)
JOHN DONNE, Death Be Not Proud	1453	(1)
DYLAN THOMAS, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night	1454	(1)
WISLAWA SZYMBORSKA, On Death, without Exaggeration	1455	(3)
ESCAPING LIFE: Critical Commentaries on a Play	1458	(35)
MARSHA NORMAN, 'night, Mother	1459	(34)
CRITICAL COMMENTARIES
LISA J. MCDONNELL, From "Diverse Similitude: Beth Henley and Marsha Norman"	1493	(1)
SALLY BROWDER, From " Thought You Were Mine': Marsha Norman's 'night, Mother"	1494	(1)
JENNY S. SPENCER, From "Norman's 'night, Mother: Psycho-drama of Female Identity"	1495	(2)
REVIEWING YOUR OWN LIFE: Poems	1497	(5)
STEVIE SMITH, Not Waving but Drowning	1498	(1)
ELIZABETH BISHOP, One Art	1499	(1)
LINDA PASTAN, Ethics	1500	(2)
WHEN DISASTER STRIKES: Cultural Contexts for a Story	1502	(15)
BHARATI MUKHERJEE, The Management of Grief	1504	(13)
CULTURAL CONTEXTS
CLARK BLAISE AND BHARATI MUKHERJEE, From The Sorrow and the Terror: The Haunting Legacy of the Air India Tragedy	1517	(9)
PAUL GESSELL, Revealing the "Family Man" Terrorist	1526	(4)
SAM HUSSEINI, Profile in Unfairness	1530	(4)
IN THE SHADOW OF 9/11: A Story and Images	1534	(15)
TODD JAMES PIERCE, Newsworld (story)	1534	(5)
ART SPIEGELMAN, From In the Shadow of No Towers (drawings)	1539	(2)
THOMAS FRANKLIN, From the September 12, 2002, Bergen Record (photograph)	1541	(3)
APPENDIX A. Critical Approaches to Literature	1544	(1)
Contemporary Schools of Criticism	1545	(28)
New Criticism,	1545	(1)
Feminist Criticism,	1546	(1)
Psychoanalytic Criticism,	1546	(1)
Marxist Criticism	1546	(1)
Deconstruction,	1547	(1)
Reader-Response Criticism,	1547	(1)
Postcolonial Criticism,	1548	(1)
New Historicism,	1548	(1)
Working with the Critical Approaches	1549	(16)
JAMES JOYCE, Counterparts (story)	1549	(12)
Sample Student Essay	1561	(1)
MOLLY FRYE, A Refugee at Home	1562	(3)
ANN PETRY, Like a Winding Sheet (story)	1565	(8)
APPENDIX B. Writing a Research Paper	1573	(1)
Identifying an Issue and a Tentative Claim	1573	(1)
Finding and Using Secondary Sources	1574	(41)
Finding Sources in the Library,	1575	(1)
Evaluating Sources,	1576	(1)
Finding Sources with a Computer,	1577	(1)
Taking Notes: Summarizing, Paraphrasing, Quoting, and Avoiding Plagiarism	1578	(1)
Writing the Paper: Integrating Sources	1579	(2)
Documenting Sources: MLA Format	1581	(2)
MLA In-Text Citation	1582	(1)
MLA Works Cited	1583	(6)
Books,	1583	(2)
Short Works from Collections and Anthologies,	1585	(1)
Works in Periodicals,	1586	(1)
CD-ROMs,	1586	(1)
The Internet,	1587	(1)
Personal Communication,	1588	(1)
Multiple Works by the Same Author,	1588	(1)
Sample Student Research Paper	1588
REBECCA STANLEY, Racial Disharmony and "Desiree's Baby"	1589	(10)
Using a Literary Work as a Springboard for Examining Social Issues	1599	(1)
Sample Student Research Paper	1599	(1)
JASON FISK, Effectively Managing Grief	1599	(16)
Index of Authors, Titles, First Lines, and Terms	1615