Mass and Heat Transfer: Analysis of Mass Contactors and Heat Exchangers

by T. W. Fraser Russell , Anne Skaja Robinson , Norman J. Wagner

• ISBN13: 9780521886703
• ISBN10: 0521886708
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-02-11
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

This text allows instructors to teach a course on heat and mass transfer that will equip students with the pragmatic, applied skills required by the modern chemical industry. This new approach is a combined presentation of heat and mass transfer, maintaining mathematical rigor while keeping mathematical analysis to a minimum. This allows students to develop a strong conceptual understanding, and teaches them how to become proficient in engineering analysis of mass contactors and heat exchangers and the transport theory used as a basis for determining how the critical coefficients depend upon physical properties and fluid motions. Students will first study the engineering analysis and design of equipment important in experiments and for the processing of material at the commercial scale. The second part of the book presents the fundamentals of transport phenomena relevant to these applications. A complete teaching package includes a comprehensive instructor's guide, exercises, design case studies, and project assignments.

Author Biography

Norman J. Wagner is the Alvin B. and Julia O. Stiles Professor and Chair of the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Delaware.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xiii
To the Student	p. xv
Acknowledgments	p. xix
Instructors' and Readers' Guide	p. xxi
Introduction	p. 3
References	p. 19
Chemical Reactor Analysis	p. 20
The Batch Reactor	p. 21
Chemical Equilibrium	p. 25
Reaction Rate and Determination by Experiment	p. 26
Rate Expression	p. 26
Approach to Equilibrium	p. 32
Tank-Type Reactors	p. 33
Batch Reactors	p. 34
Semibatch Reactors	p. 34
Continuous Flow	p. 37
Tubular Reactors	p. 42
Reactor Energy Balance	p. 47
References	p. 51
Problems	p. 51
Heat Exchanger Analysis	p. 55
Batch Heat Exchangers	p. 56
Level I Analysis	p. 57
Level II Thermal Equilibrium	p. 58
Rate of Heat Transfer and Determination by Experiment	p. 60
Rate Expression	p. 61
Approach to Equilibrium	p. 65
Tank-Type Heat Exchangers	p. 67
Batch Heat Exchanger	p. 68
Semibatch Heat Exchanger	p. 68
Mixed-Mixed Fluid Motions	p. 69
Mixed-Plug Fluid Motions	p. 72
Continuous-Flow Tank-Type Heat Exchangers	p. 74
Mixed-Mixed Fluid Motions	p. 74
Mixed-Plug Fluid Motions	p. 78
Tubular Heat Exchangers	p. 79
Cocurrent Flow	p. 81
Countercurrent Flow-Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger	p. 88
Technically Feasible Heat Exchanger Design	p. 94
Design Procedure	p. 96
References	p. 102
Problems	p. 103
Energy Balance	p. 109
Mass Contactor Analysis	p. 114
Batch Mass Contactors	p. 118
Level I Analysis	p. 119
Level II Analysis, Phase Equilibrium	p. 120
Rate of Mass Transfer and Determination by Experiment	p. 125
Rate Expression	p. 127
Approach to Equilibrium	p. 132
Tank-Type Two-Phase Mass Contactors	p. 134
Batch Mass Contactors	p. 135
Semibatch Mass Contactors	p. 137
Mixed-Mixed Fluid Motions	p. 138
Mixed-Plug Fluid Motions	p. 139
Continuous-Flow Two-Phase Mass Contactors	p. 143
Mixed-Mixed Fluid Motions	p. 144
Design of a Continuous Mixed-Mixed Mass Contactor	p. 146
Mixed-Plug Fluid Motions	p. 153
Tubular Two-Phase Mass Contactors	p. 156
Cocurrent Flow	p. 158
Countercurrent Flow	p. 159
Gas-Liquid Countercurrent Contactors	p. 164
Continuous-Flow Mass Contactor Design Summary	p. 168
References	p. 175
Problems	p. 175
"Log-Mean" Concentration Difference	p. 178
Equivalence Between Heat and Mass Transfer Model Equations	p. 180
Nomenclature for Part I	p. 181
Conduction and Diffusion	p. 187
Rate of Thermal Conduction	p. 187
Experimental Determination of Thermal Conductivity k and Verification of Fourier's Constitutive Equation	p. 187
Definition of the Biot Number for Heat Transfer	p. 195
Definition of the Nusselt Number	p. 199
Rate of Molecular Diffusion	p. 201
Experimental Determination of Binary Diffusivities D[subscript AB] and Verification of Fick's Constitutive Equation	p. 201
Definition of the Biot Number for Mass Transfer	p. 206
Definition of the Sherwood Number	p. 208
Geometric Effects on Steady Heat Conduction and Diffusion in Solids and Quiescent Fluids	p. 209
One-Dimensional Heat Conduction in Nonplanar Geometries	p. 209
One-Dimensional Diffusion in a Conical Geometry	p. 211
Conduction and Diffusion Through Composite Layered Materials in Series	p. 212
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient for Composite Walls: Resistance Formulation	p. 212
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient for a Tubular Exchanger	p. 217
Overall Mass Transfer Coefficient for Diffusion Through a Composite Wall	p. 220
Molecular Conduction and Diffusion with Generation	p. 222
Radial Heat Conduction with Generation	p. 222
Diffusion with Chemical Reaction	p. 224
Diffusion-Induced Convection: The Arnold Cell	p. 225
Basics of Membrane Diffusion: The Sorption-Diffusion Model	p. 230
Transient Conduction and Diffusion	p. 231
Short-Time Penetration Solution	p. 233
Small Biot Numbers-Lumped Analysis	p. 235
Nomenclature	p. 236
Important Dimensionless Groups	p. 238
References	p. 239
Problems	p. 240
Convective Heat and Mass Transfer	p. 246
The Differential Transport Equations for Fluids with Constant Physical Properties in a Laminar Boundary Layer	p. 247
Mass Conservation-Continuity Equation	p. 248
Momentum Transport-Navier-Stokes Equation	p. 249
Energy Conservation	p. 250
Species Mass Conservation	p. 252
Boundary-Layer Analysis and Transport Analogies	p. 254
Laminar Boundary Layer	p. 254
Reynolds Transport Analogy	p. 257
Effects of Material Properties: The Chilton-Colburn Analogy	p. 260
Turbulent Boundary Layers	p. 263
Transport Correlations for Specific Geometries	p. 264
Models for Estimating Transport Coefficients in Fluid-Fluid Systems	p. 273
Film Theory	p. 273
Penetration Theory	p. 273
Surface Renewal Theory	p. 278
Interphase Mass Transfer	p. 279
Summary of Convective Transport Coefficient Estimations	p. 281
Heat Exchangers	p. 281
Mass Contactors	p. 284
Nomenclature	p. 286
References	p. 287
Problems	p. 287
Derivation of the Transport Equations	p. 293
Vector Notation	p. 299
Estimation of the Mass Transfer Coefficient and Interfacial Area in Fluid-Fluid Mass Contactors	p. 301
Estimation of Bubble and Drop Size	p. 304
Tank-Type Mass Contactors	p. 307
Mixed-Mixed Interfacial Area Estimation	p. 307
Mixed-Mixed K[subscript m] Estimation	p. 309
Mixed-Plug Area Estimation	p. 309
Mixed-Plug K[subscript m] Estimation	p. 313
Tubular Contactors	p. 316
Cocurrent Area Estimation	p. 316
Cocurrent K[subscript m] Estimation	p. 318
Countercurrent Area Estimation	p. 318
Countercurrent K[subscript m] Estimation	p. 320
Nomenclature	p. 320
References	p. 321
Problems	p. 322
Bubble and Drop Breakage	p. 323
Technically Feasible Design Case Studies	p. 327
Technically Feasible Design of a Heat Exchanger	p. 328
Technically Feasible Design of a Countercurrent Mass Contactor	p. 335
Analysis of a Pilot-Scale Bioreactor	p. 345
Nomenclature	p. 353
References	p. 354
Problems	p. 354
Index	p. 363
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