Materials for Civil and Construction Engineers

by Mamlouk, Michael S.; Zaniewski, John P.

• ISBN13: 9780131477148
• ISBN10: 0131477145
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Revision of the best selling civil engineering materials book on the market right now. Appropriate for civil engineering students at the junior or senior level. In the second edition, new sample problems have been added throughout the text. Many numerical problems have been added at the end of each chapter. The authors added many figures and pictures throughout the MS, especially in the appendix. The sections on Heat Treatment of Steel, Properties of Blended Aggregates, Admixtures for Concrete, Superpave Mix Design have been changed or updated. New sections on Bulk Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate, Selef Consolidating Concrete and Flowable Fill, High-Performance Concrete have been added.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiv
Materials Engineering Concepts	1	(51)
Economic Factors	2	(1)
Mechanical Properties	3	(19)
Loading Conditions	4	(1)
Stress-Strain Relations	5	(1)
Elastic Behavior	6	(2)
Elastoplastic Behavior	8	(4)
Work and Energy	12	(1)
Time-Dependent Response	13	(2)
Rheological Models	15	(3)
Temperature and Time Effects	18	(1)
Failure and Safety	19	(3)
Nonmechanical Properties	22	(3)
Density and Unit Weight	22	(1)
Thermal Expansion	23	(2)
Surface Characteristics	25	(1)
Production and Construction	25	(1)
Aesthetic Characteristics	26	(1)
Material Variability	27	(5)
Sampling	28	(1)
Normal Distribution	29	(1)
Control Charts	29	(3)
Experimental Error	32	(1)
Laboratory Measuring Devices	32	(18)
Dial Gauge	33	(1)
Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT)	34	(3)
Strain Gauge	37	(1)
Proving Ring	38	(1)
Load Cell	39	(1)
Summary	40	(1)
Questions and Problems	41	(9)
References	50	(2)
Nature of Materials	52	(34)
Basic Materials Concepts	52	(7)
Electron Configuration	52	(3)
Bonding	55	(3)
Material Classification by Bond Type	58	(1)
Metallic Materials	59	(15)
Lattice Structure	59	(5)
Lattice Defects	64	(1)
Grain Structure	65	(2)
Alloys	67	(1)
Phase Diagrams	68	(6)
Combined Effects	74	(1)
Inorganic Solids	74	(3)
Organic Solids	77	(8)
Polymer Development, Structure, and Cross-Linking	78	(1)
Melting and Glass Transition Temperature	79	(2)
Mechanical Properties	81	(1)
Summary	82	(1)
Questions and Problems	83	(2)
References	85	(1)
Steel	86	(52)
Steel Production	87	(3)
Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram	90	(4)
Heat Treatment of Steel	94	(2)
Annealing	94	(1)
Normalizing	95	(1)
Hardening	95	(1)
Tempering	96	(1)
Example of Heat Treatment	96	(1)
Steel Alloys	96	(2)
Structural Steel	98	(9)
Structural Steel Grades	98	(3)
Sectional Shapes	101	(1)
Specialty Steels in Structural Applications	102	(5)
Fastening Products	107	(1)
Reinforcing Steel	107	(3)
Mechanical Testing of Steel	110	(15)
Tension Test	110	(7)
Torsion Test	117	(2)
Charpy V Notch Impact Test	119	(3)
Bend Test	122	(1)
Hardness Test	122	(2)
Ultrasonic Testing	124	(1)
Welding	125	(2)
Steel Corrosion	127	(9)
Methods for Corrosion Resistance	128	(1)
Summary	129	(1)
Questions and Problems	130	(6)
References	136	(2)
Aluminum	138	(21)
Aluminum Production	140	(2)
Aluminum Metallurgy	142	(4)
Alloy Designation System	144	(1)
Temper Treatments	145	(1)
Aluminum Testing and Properties	146	(7)
Welding and Fastening	153	(1)
Corrosion	154	(4)
Summary	154	(1)
Questions and Problems	154	(4)
References	158	(1)
Aggregates	159	(42)
Aggregate Sources	159	(1)
Geological Classification	160	(1)
Evaluation of Aggregate Sources	161	(1)
Aggregate Uses	162	(1)
Aggregate Properties	163	(29)
Particle Shape and Surface Texture	163	(2)
Soundness and Durability	165	(1)
Toughness, Hardness, and Abrasion Resistance	166	(1)
Absorption	167	(2)
Specific Gravity	169	(2)
Bulk Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate	171	(1)
Strength and Modulus	172	(1)
Gradation and Maximum Size	172	(17)
Deleterious Substances in Aggregate	189	(1)
Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity	190	(1)
Affinity for Asphalt	191	(1)
Handling Aggregates	192	(8)
Sampling Aggregates	192	(2)
Summary	194	(1)
Questions and Problems	194	(6)
References	200	(1)
Portland Cement	201	(34)
Portland Cement Production	201	(1)
Chemical Composition of Portland Cement	202	(1)
Fineness of Portland Cement	203	(1)
Specific Gravity of Portland Cement	204	(1)
Hydration of Portland Cement	205	(2)
Structure Development in Cement Paste	207	(1)
Evaluation of Hydration Progress	207	(1)
Voids in Hydrated Cement	207	(2)
Properties of Hydrated Cement	209	(3)
Setting	209	(2)
Soundness	211	(1)
Compressive Strength	212	(1)
Water-Cementitious Materials Ratio	212	(1)
Types of Portland Cement	213	(3)
Standard Portland Cement Types	213	(3)
Other Cement Types	216	(1)
Mixing Water	216	(3)
Acceptable Criteria	217	(1)
Disposal and Reuse of Concrete Wash Water	217	(2)
Admixtures for Concrete	219	(15)
Air Entrainers	220	(1)
Water Reducers	221	(3)
Retarders	224	(1)
Hydration-Control Admixtures	225	(1)
Accelerators	225	(2)
Supplementary Cementitious Admixtures	227	(2)
Specialty Admixtures	229	(1)
Summary	230	(1)
Questions and Problems	230	(4)
References	234	(1)
Portland Cement Concrete	235	(70)
Proportioning of Concrete Mixes	235	(21)
Basic Steps for Weight and Absolute Volume Methods	236	(18)
Mixing Concrete for Small Jobs	254	(2)
Mixing, Placing, and Handling Fresh Concrete	256	(11)
Ready-Mixed Concrete	256	(1)
Mobile Batcher Mixed Concrete	257	(1)
Depositing Concrete	257	(3)
Pumped Concrete	260	(1)
Vibration of Concrete	260	(1)
Pitfalls and Precautions for Mixing Water	261	(1)
Measuring Air Content in Fresh Concrete	262	(2)
Spreading and Finishing Concrete	264	(3)
Curing Concrete	267	(7)
Ponding or Immersion	268	(1)
Spraying or Fogging	268	(1)
Wet Coverings	268	(2)
Impervious Papers or Plastic Sheets	270	(1)
Membrane-forming Compounds	271	(2)
Forms Left in Place	273	(1)
Steam Curing	273	(1)
Insulating Blankets or Covers	273	(1)
Electrical, Hot Oil, and Infrared Curing	273	(1)
Curing Period	273	(1)
Properties of Hardened Concrete	274	(4)
Early Volume Change	274	(1)
Creep Properties	275	(1)
Permeability	275	(1)
Stress-Strain Relation Ship	276	(2)
Testing of Hardened Concrete	278	(9)
Compressive Strength Test	279	(2)
Split-Tension Test	281	(1)
Flexure Strength Test	282	(1)
Rebound Hammer Test	283	(1)
Penetration Resistance Test	284	(1)
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test	285	(1)
Maturity Test	285	(2)
Alternatives to Conventional Concrete	287	(16)
Self-Consolidating Concrete	287	(1)
Flowable Fill	288	(2)
Shotcrete	290	(1)
Lightweight Concrete	291	(1)
Heavyweight Concrete	292	(1)
High-Strength Concrete	293	(1)
Shrinkage-Compensating Concrete	294	(1)
Polymers and Concrete	294	(1)
Fiber-Reinforced Concrete	295	(1)
Roller-Compacted Concrete	296	(1)
High-Performance Concrete	296	(2)
Summary	298	(1)
Questions and Problems	298	(5)
References	303	(2)
Masonry	305	(14)
Masonry Units	305	(9)
Concrete Masonry Units	306	(5)
Clay Bricks	311	(3)
Mortar	314	(1)
Grout	314	(1)
Plaster	315	(3)
Summary	315	(1)
Questions and Problems	315	(3)
References	318	(1)
Asphalt Binders and Asphalt Mixtures	319	(75)
Types of Asphalt Products	322	(1)
Uses of Asphalt	323	(3)
Temperature Susceptibility of Asphalt	326	(2)
Chemical Properties of Asphalt	328	(1)
Superpave and Performance Grade Binders	329	(2)
Characterization of Asphalt	331	(9)
Performance Grade Characterization Approach	331	(1)
Performance Grade Binder Characterization	332	(6)
Traditional Asphalt Characterization Tests	338	(1)
Characterization of Emulsion and Cutback	338	(2)
Classification of Asphalt	340	(8)
Asphalt Binders	340	(6)
Asphalt Cutbacks	346	(1)
Asphalt Emulsions	346	(2)
Asphalt Concrete	348	(1)
Asphalt Concrete Mix Design	348	(29)
Specimen Preparation in the Laboratory	349	(2)
Density and Voids Analysis	351	(4)
Superpave Mix Design	355	(9)
Superpave Simple Performance Tests (SPT)	364	(3)
Marshall Method of Mix Design	367	(8)
Hveem Method of Mix Design	375	(1)
Evaluation of Moisture Susceptibility	376	(1)
Characterization of Asphalt Concrete	377	(4)
Indirect Tensile Strength	378	(1)
Diametral Tensile Resilient Modulus	378	(3)
Freeze and Thaw Test	381	(1)
Use of Rheological Models to Analyze Time-Dependent Response	381	(1)
Asphalt Concrete Production	381	(1)
Recycling of Asphalt Concrete	382	(2)
Surface Recycling	383	(1)
Central Plant Recycling	383	(1)
In-Place Recycling	384	(1)
Additives	384	(8)
Fillers	384	(1)
Extenders	384	(1)
Rubber	385	(1)
Plastics	385	(1)
Antistripping Agent	385	(1)
Others	385	(1)
Summary	385	(1)
Questions and Problems	386	(6)
References	392	(2)
Wood	394	(51)
Structure of Wood	396	(3)
Growth Rings	396	(2)
Anisotropic Nature of Wood	398	(1)
Chemical Composition	399	(1)
Moisture Content	400	(2)
Wood Production	402	(3)
Cutting Techniques	403	(1)
Seasoning	404	(1)
Lumber Grades	405	(2)
Hardwood Grades	406	(1)
Softwood Grades	406	(1)
Defects in Lumber	407	(3)
Physical Properties	410	(2)
Specific Gravity and Density	410	(1)
Thermal Properties	411	(1)
Electrical Properties	412	(1)
Mechanical Properties	412	(2)
Modulus of Elasticity	412	(1)
Strength Properties	413	(1)
Creep	413	(1)
Damping Capacity	413	(1)
Testing to Determine Mechanical Properties	414	(3)
Static Bending Test	415	(1)
Compression Tests	416	(1)
Design Considerations	417	(1)
Organisms that Degrade Wood	418	(2)
Fungi	419	(1)
Bacteria	419	(1)
Insects	419	(1)
Marine Organisms	420	(1)
Wood Preservation	420	(2)
Petroleum-Based Solutions	420	(1)
Waterborne Preservatives	420	(1)
Application Techniques	421	(1)
Construction Precautions	422	(1)
Engineered Wood Products	422	(22)
Structural Panels/Sheets	424	(1)
Structural Shapes	425	(13)
Composite Structural Members	438	(1)
Summary	438	(1)
Questions and Problems	439	(5)
References	444	(1)
Composites	445	(112)
Microscopic Composites	446	(6)
Fiber-Reinforced Composites	447	(1)
Particle-Reinforced Composites	448	(1)
Matrix Phase	449	(1)
Fabrication	449	(1)
Civil Engineering Applications	449	(3)
Macroscopic Composites	452	(5)
Plain Portland Cement Concrete	455	(1)
Reinforced Portland Cement Concrete	455	(1)
Asphalt Concrete	456	(1)
Engineered Wood	457	(1)
Properties of Composites	457	(7)
Loading Parallel to Fibers	457	(2)
Loading Perpendicular to Fibers	459	(2)
Randomly Oriented Fiber Composites	461	(1)
Particle-Reinforced Composites	461	(1)
Summary	462	(1)
Questions and Problems	462	(2)
References	464	(2)
Appendix
Experiments
Introduction to Measuring Devices	466	(4)
Tension Test of Steel and Aluminum	470	(4)
Torsion Test of Steel and Aluminum	474	(3)
Impact Test of Steel	477	(3)
Microscopic Inspection of Materials	480	(2)
Sieve Analysis of Aggregates	482	(5)
Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate	487	(3)
Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate	490	(3)
Bulk Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate	493	(3)
Slump of Freshly Mixed Portland Cement Concrete	496	(3)
Unit Weight and Yield of Freshly Mixed Concrete	499	(3)
Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by Pressure Method	502	(2)
Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by Volumetric Method	504	(2)
Making and Curing Concrete Cylinders and Beams	506	(4)
Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens with Sulfur or Capping Compound	510	(2)
Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens	512	(3)
Flexural Strength of Concrete	515	(3)
Rebound Number of Hardened Concrete	518	(2)
Penetration Resistance of Hardened Concrete	520	(3)
Testing of Concrete Masonry Units	523	(3)
Viscosity of Asphalt Binder by Rotational Viscometer	526	(2)
Dynamic Shear Rheometer Test of Asphalt Binder	528	(3)
Penetration Test of Asphalt Cement	531	(2)
Absolute Viscosity Test of Asphalt	533	(2)
Preparing and Determining the Density of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) Specimens by Means of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor	535	(4)
Preparation of Asphalt Concrete Specimens Using the Marshall Compactor	539	(4)
Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted Bituminious Mixtures	543	(3)
Marshall Stability and Flow of Asphalt Concrete	546	(2)
Bending and Compression Tests of Wood	548	(5)
Tensile Properties of Plastics	553	(4)
Index	557