Materials Research to Meet 21st Century Defense Needs

by National Research Council

• ISBN13: 9780309087001
• ISBN10: 0309087007
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-04-01
• Publisher: NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

Summary

Report is the result of a study conducted to identify and prioritize critical materials and processing research and development (R&D) that will be needed to meet 21st-century defense needs. Its purpose was to explore revolutionary materials concepts that would provide an advantage to U.S. forces in weapons, logistics, deployment, and cost. Includes figures and tables. Softcover.

Table of Contents

Executive Summary	1	(8)
Department of Defense Materials Needs	9	(12)
Generic Defense Needs	9	(2)
Examples of System Needs	11	(2)
Translation to Materials and Process Needs	13	(8)
Desired Materials Properties	14	(2)
Materials Characteristics	16	(1)
Engineering Issues	17	(4)
Using New Materials In Defense Systems	21	(6)
Introduction	21	(1)
Expediting the Use of New Materials in Defense Systems	22	(2)
Research-to-Development Transition Funding	22	(1)
Communications	23	(1)
Databases	23	(1)
Conclusions	24	(1)
References	25	(2)
Structural And Multifunctional Materials	27	(28)
Chapter Summary	27	(1)
Introduction	28	(3)
DoD Needs for Multifunctional Structural Materials	31	(6)
Specific Areas of Opportunity	37	(14)
Materials Design Assisted by Computation	37	(3)
Model-Based Life-Cycle Sensing and Prediction	40	(2)
Multifunctional Materials	42	(1)
Smart Materials	43	(3)
Composites	46	(3)
Adhesives and Coatings	49	(2)
Research and Development Priorities	51	(3)
Materials Design Assisted by Computation	51	(1)
Service-Induced Material Changes	52	(1)
Multifunctional Composite Materials	52	(1)
Integrating Nondestructive Inspection and Evaluation into Design	53	(1)
References	54	(1)
Energy And Power Materials	55	(40)
Chapter Summary	55	(1)
Introduction	56	(3)
DoD Needs for Energy and Power Materials	59	(1)
Specific Areas of Opportunity	60	(27)
Energy Storage	60	(14)
Energy Conversion	74	(9)
Electrical Power Generation and Transmission for Propulsion and Related Systems	83	(1)
Kinetic Energy Dissipation and Protection	84	(3)
DoD Reliance on Energy Sources	87	(1)
Research and Development Priorities	87	(4)
Nanomaterials Science and Engineering	87	(1)
Engineered Interfaces and Surfaces in Materials	88	(1)
Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion Materials	89	(1)
Tools for Accelerated, Systematic Materials Discovery	89	(1)
Materials as the Foundation for Systems	90	(1)
References	91	(4)
Electronic And Photonic Materials	95	(40)
Chapter Summary	95	(1)
Introduction	96	(1)
DoD Needs for Electronic and Photonic Materials	96	(2)
Specific Areas of Opportunity	98	(30)
Electronics	98	(8)
Optoelectronics and Photonics	106	(8)
Microsystems	114	(14)
Research and Development Priorities	128	(3)
Fundamental Understanding of Existing Materials	128	(1)
New Materials with Extreme Properties	129	(1)
New Ways of Combining Materials	129	(1)
Packaging and Thermal Management	130	(1)
Materials Processing	130	(1)
Theory and Modeling	131	(1)
References	131	(4)
Functional Organic And Hybrid Materials	135	(46)
Chapter Summary	135	(1)
Introduction	136	(1)
DoD Needs for Functional Organic and Hybrid Materials	137	(5)
Electronic Devices	137	(1)
Photonics	138	(1)
Optical Limiting Materials	139	(1)
Organic Light-Emitting Materials	139	(1)
Molecular Magnetic Materials	140	(1)
Photorefractive Materials	140	(1)
Photovoltaics	140	(1)
Membranes	141	(1)
Metal Organic Catalysts	141	(1)
Specific Areas of Opportunity	142	(29)
Electronic Devices	142	(6)
Photonics	148	(8)
Optical Limiting Materials	156	(1)
Organic Light-Emitting Materials	157	(2)
Molecular Magnetic Materials	159	(3)
Photorefractive Materials	162	(2)
Photovoltaics	164	(2)
Membranes	166	(2)
Metal Organic Catalysts	168	(2)
Transparent Electrodes/Organic Interfaces	170	(1)
Higher-Risk Developments	171	(1)
Research and Development Priorities	171	(3)
Convergence and Integration of Organic and Si (and Other Semiconductor) Electronics and Photonics in Hybrid Architectures	172	(1)
New Synthetic Strategies to Produce High Yields of Selected Polymers with Completely Defined Chemical Structures, Enhanced Homogeneity, and Purity	172	(1)
Computer Modeling and Simulation, Accessible to Experimentalists, to Optimize Chemical and Structure Selection for Specific Functionalities	173	(1)
Organic Materials to Provide Robust Defenses Against Laser Threats to Personnel and Equipment	174	(1)
Catalyst Systems to Provide in Situ Defenses by Neutralizing Chemical and Biological Attack	174	(1)
References	174	(7)
Bioinspired And Bioderived Materials	181	(30)
Chapter Summary	181	(2)
Introduction	183	(1)
DoD Needs for Bioinspired and Bioderived Materials	184	(3)
Specific Areas of Opportunity	187	(19)
Structural Materials	187	(4)
Functional Materials	191	(9)
Medical Applications	200	(6)
Research and Development Priorities	206	(2)
Improving Fundamental Understanding of the Relationships Between Biological Structure, Properties, and Evolution and Materials Design and Synthesis	206	(1)
Increasing Communication of DoD Material Needs to Biological and Physical Scientists	207	(1)
Basic Research into Biological Molecules, Structures, Systems, and Processes to Lay the Groundwork for Their Use, or Their Use as Models, in Serving the Materials Needs of DoD	207	(1)
Identification and Development of Biocompatible Materials to Enable in Vivo Implantable Devices	208	(1)
Development of Packaging Technologies to Preserve the Biological Function of Biologically Enabled Devices	208	(1)
References	208	(3)
Integration of Research Opportunities	211	(1)
Introduction	211	(1)
Design of Materials, Devices, and Systems Assisted by Computation and Phenomenological Models of Materials and Materials Behavior	211	(3)
Convergence, Combination, and Integration of Biological, Organic, Semiconductor/Photonic, and Structural Materials	214	(1)
Convergence	214	(1)
Combination	215	(1)
Integration	216	(2)
Discovery and Characterization of New Materials with Unique or Substantially Improved Properties	218	(2)
New Strategies for Processing, Manufacture, Inspection, and Maintenance of Materials and Systems	220	(3)
Conclusions	223	(4)
APPENDIXES
A Meeting Speakers	227	(10)
B Biographical Sketches of Committee and Panel Members	237	(10)
C Integration of Materials Systems and Structures Development	247	(4)
D Energy and Power Materials	251	(34)
E Functional and Organic Hybrid Materials	285	(8)
F Bioinspired and Bioderived Materials	293