Maternal and Child Nursing Care

by London, Marcia L.; Ladewig, Patricia W.; Ball, Jane W.; Bindler, Ruth C.

• ISBN13: 9780131723948
• ISBN10: 0131723944
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Co-written by a maternity and pediatrics nursing author team throughly integrates materna-newborn nursing adn pediatric nursing in one since book. Equal focus is placed on community-based and hospital-based care to address the increasing balance between both nursing care settings. This edition has increased coverage of pain assessment and management, nutrition and health promotion, patient education and communication, research based practice, and assessment as the core of the nursing process. A CD-ROM includes NCLEX-RN practice questions and Newborn Reflex videos.

Table of Contents

About the Authors	iii
Thank You!	v
Dedication	vii
Preface	viii
Acknowledgments	xiv
Special Features	xvi
UNIT I FAMILY-CENTERED CARE: INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS	1	(42)
Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Nursing	2	(19)
Nursing Roles in Maternal-Child Nursing	3	(1)
Family-Centered Maternal-Child Care	4	(4)
Contemporary Childbirth	6	(1)
Contemporary Care of Children	6	(1)
Maternal-Child Care in the Community	7	(1)
Complementary Therapies	8	(1)
Access to Healthcare	8	(1)
Culturally Competent Care	8	(1)
Statistical Data and Maternal-Child Care	9	(2)
Birth Rate	9	(1)
Maternal Mortality	9	(1)
Infant Mortality	10	(1)
Pediatric Mortality	10	(1)
Pediatric Morbidity	11	(1)
Implications for Nursing Practice	11	(1)
Legal Considerations in Maternal-Child Nursing	11	(3)
Scope of Practice	11	(1)
Standards of Nursing Care	11	(1)
Client/Patient Safety	12	(1)
Informed Consent	12	(1)
Right to Privacy	13	(1)
Patient Self-Determination Act	14	(1)
Ethical Issues in Maternal-Child Nursing	14	(3)
Maternal-Fetal Conflict	14	(1)
Abortion	15	(1)
Intrauterine Fetal Surgery	15	(1)
Reproductive Assistance	15	(1)
Embryonic Stem Cell Research	16	(1)
The Human Genome Project	16	(1)
Cord Blood Banking	16	(1)
Making Treatment Decisions for Children	16	(1)
Terminating Life-Sustaining Treatment	17	(1)
Organ Transplantation Issues	17	(1)
Implications for Nursing Practice	17	(1)
Evidence-Based Practice in Maternal-Child Nursing	17	(4)
Culture and the Family	21	(22)
The Family	22	(2)
Types of Families	22	(1)
Family Development Frameworks	23	(1)
Family Assessment	24	(1)
Cultural Influences Affecting the Family	24	(6)
Family Roles and Structure	26	(1)
Health Beliefs	26	(1)
Healthcare Practitioners	27	(1)
Impact of Religion and Spirituality	28	(1)
Childbearing Practices	29	(1)
Childrearing Practices	30	(1)
Culture and Nursing Care	30	(4)
Culturally Influenced Responses	31	(2)
Nursing Management	33	(1)
Complementary and Alternative Therapies and the Family	34	(9)
Benefits and Risks	35	(1)
Types of Complementary and Alternative Therapies	35	(3)
Nursing Care of the Family Using Complementary Therapies	38	(5)
UNIT II THE REPRODUCTIVE YEARS AND BEYOND	43	(112)
Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology	44	(26)
Puberty	45	(1)
Physiology of Onset	45	(1)
Female Reproductive System	46	(13)
External Genitals	46	(3)
Female Internal Reproductive Organs	49	(6)
Bony Pelvis	55	(3)
Breasts	58	(1)
Female Reproductive Cycle	59	(4)
Effects of Female Hormones	59	(2)
Neurohumoral Basis of the Female Reproductive Cycle	61	(1)
Ovarian Cycle	61	(1)
Menstrual Cycle	62	(1)
Male Reproductive System	63	(7)
External Genitals	63	(1)
Male Internal Reproductive Organs	64	(6)
Health Promotion for Women	70	(30)
Nursing Care in the Community	71	(1)
The Nurse's Role in Addressing Issues of Sexuality	71	(1)
Taking a Sexual History	72	(1)
Menstruation	72	(3)
Counseling the Premenstrual Girl about Menarche	72	(1)
Educational Topics	73	(1)
Associated Menstrual Conditions	73	(2)
Contraception	75	(10)
Fertility Awareness Methods	75	(2)
Situational Contraceptives	77	(1)
Spermicides	77	(1)
Barrier Methods of Contraceptives	77	(4)
Hormonal Contraception	81	(3)
Emergency Postcoital Contraception	84	(1)
Operative Sterilization	84	(1)
Male Contraception	84	(1)
Nursing Management	84	(1)
Clinical Interruption of Pregnancy	85	(1)
Health Promotion for Women	85	(3)
Breast Examination	85	(1)
Mammography	86	(1)
Pap Smear and Pelvic Examination	86	(2)
Menopause	88	(4)
Clinical Therapy	89	(2)
Nursing Management	91	(1)
Violence Against Women	92	(8)
Domestic Violence	92	(1)
Nursing Management	93	(1)
Sexual Assault and Rape	94	(6)
Common Gynecologic Problems	100	(22)
Care of the Woman with a Benign Disorder of the Breast	101	(2)
Fibrocystic Breast Changes	101	(1)
Other Benign Breast Disorders	102	(1)
Nursing Management	102	(1)
Care of the Woman with Endometriosis	103	(1)
Nursing Management	103	(1)
Care of the Woman with Toxic Shock Syndrome	104	(1)
Nursing Management	104	(1)
Care of the Woman with a Vaginal Infection	104	(3)
Bacterial Vaginosis	104	(1)
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis	105	(1)
Nursing Management	106	(1)
Care of the Individual with a Sexually Transmitted Infection	107	(4)
Trichomoniasis	107	(1)
Chlamydial Infection	108	(1)
Gonorrhea	108	(1)
Herpes Genitalis	108	(1)
Syphilis	109	(1)
Condylomata Acuminata (Venereal Warts)	109	(1)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome	110	(1)
Nursing Management	110	(1)
Care of the Woman with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	111	(1)
Nursing Management	112	(1)
Care of the Woman with an Abnormal Finding During Pelvic Examination	112	(2)
Abnormal Pap Smear Results	112	(1)
Ovarian Masses	112	(2)
Uterine Masses	114	(1)
Nursing Management	114	(1)
Care of the Woman with a Urinary Tract Infection	114	(2)
Lower Urinary Tract Infection (Cystitis)	115	(1)
Nursing Management	115	(1)
Upper Urinary Tract Infection (Pyelonephritis)	115	(1)
Nursing Management	116	(1)
Pelvic Relaxation	116	(1)
Care of the Woman Requiring a Hysterectomy	117	(5)
Nursing Care Management	117	(5)
Special Reproductive Issues for Families	122	(33)
Infertility	123	(15)
Essential Components of Fertility	123	(1)
Initial Investigation: Physical and Psychosocial Issues	124	(2)
Assessment of the Woman's Fertility	126	(5)
Assessment of the Man's Fertility	131	(1)
Methods of Infertility Management	132	(5)
Nursing Management	137	(1)
Genetic Disorders	138	(17)
Chromosomes and Chromosomal Analysis	138	(3)
Modes of Inheritance	141	(3)
Prenatal Diagnostic Tests	144	(3)
Genetic Counseling	147	(8)
UNIT III PREGNANCY AND FAMILY	155	(238)
Conception and Fetal Development	156	(25)
Cell Division	157	(1)
Mitosis	157	(1)
Meiosis	157	(1)
Gametogenesis	158	(1)
Oogenesis	158	(1)
Spermatogenesis	158	(1)
The Process of Fertilization	159	(1)
Preparation for Fertilization	159	(1)
The Moment of Fertilization	160	(1)
Preembryonic Development	160	(6)
Cell Multiplication	160	(2)
Implantation (Nidation)	162	(1)
Cell Differentiation	162	(3)
Twins	165	(1)
Development and Functions of the Placenta	166	(4)
Placental Circulation	167	(1)
Placental Functions	168	(2)
Development of the Fetal Circulatory System	170	(1)
Embryonic and Fetal Development	170	(11)
Embryonic Stage	170	(5)
Fetal Stage	175	(2)
Factors Influencing Embryonic and Fetal Development	177	(4)
Preparation for Parenthood	181	(14)
Preconception Counseling	182	(1)
Preconception Health Measures	182	(1)
Contraception	183	(1)
Conception	183	(1)
Childbearing Decisions	183	(4)
Care Provider	184	(1)
Birth Setting	184	(2)
Labor Support	186	(1)
Sibling Participation in the Birth	186	(1)
Classes for Family Members During Pregnancy	187	(2)
Early Classes: First Trimester	187	(1)
Later Classes: Second and Third Trimesters	188	(1)
Adolescent Parenting Classes	188	(1)
Breastfeeding Programs	188	(1)
Sibling Preparation: Adjustment to a Newborn	188	(1)
Classes for Grandparents	189	(1)
Education of the Family Having Cesarean Birth	189	(1)
Preparation for Parents Desiring Vaginal Birth after Cesarean Birth (VBAC)	189	(1)
Childbirth Preparation Methods	189	(3)
Programs for Preparation	190	(1)
Body-Conditioning Exercises	191	(1)
Relaxation Exercises	191	(1)
Breathing Techniques	192	(1)
Preparation for Childbirth That Supports Individuality	192	(3)
Physical and Psychologic Changes of Pregnancy	195	(18)
Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy	196	(5)
Reproductive System	196	(1)
Respiratory System	197	(1)
Cardiovascular System	197	(1)
Gastrointestinal System	198	(1)
Urinary Tract	198	(1)
Skin and Hair	198	(1)
Musculoskeletal System	199	(1)
Metabolism	200	(1)
Endocrine System	200	(1)
Signs of Pregnancy	201	(3)
Subjective (Presumptive) Changes	201	(1)
Objective (Probable) Changes	202	(2)
Diagnostic (Positive) Changes	204	(1)
Psychologic Response of the Expectant Family to Pregnancy	204	(5)
The Mother	205	(2)
The Father	207	(1)
Siblings	208	(1)
Grandparents	209	(1)
Cultural Values and Pregnancy	209	(4)
Antepartal Nursing Assessment	213	(27)
Initial Client History	214	(3)
Definition of Terms	214	(1)
Client Profile	215	(2)
Obtaining Data	217	(1)
High-Risk Screening	217	(1)
Initial Prenatal Assessment	217	(12)
Determination of Due Date	227	(1)
Nagele's Rule	227	(1)
Uterine Assessment	227	(1)
Assessment of Fetal Development	228	(1)
Assessment of Pelvic Adequacy (Clinical Pelvimetry)	229	(1)
Subsequent Client History	230	(1)
Subsequent Prenatal Assessment	231	(9)
The Expectant Family: Needs and Care	240	(30)
Nursing Care During the Prenatal Period	241	(1)
Nursing Diagnosis During Pregnancy	241	(1)
Planning and Implementation During Pregnancy	241	(1)
Care of the Expectant Father and Siblings	242	(1)
Cultural Considerations in Pregnancy	243	(1)
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy	244	(8)
First Trimester	244	(4)
Second and Third Trimesters	248	(4)
Promotion of Self-Care During Pregnancy	252	(10)
Fetal Activity Monitoring	252	(1)
Breast Care	252	(2)
Clothing	254	(1)
Bathing	254	(1)
Employment	255	(1)
Travel	255	(1)
Activity and Rest	255	(1)
Exercises to Prepare for Childbirth	256	(2)
Sexual Activity	258	(1)
Dental Care	259	(1)
Immunizations	260	(1)
Complementary and Alternative Therapies	260	(1)
Teratogenic Substances	260	(2)
Evaluation	262	(1)
Care of Expectant Parents over Age 35	262	(8)
Medical Risks	263	(1)
Special Concerns of Expectant Parents over Age 35	263	(1)
Nursing Management	264	(6)
Maternal Nutrition	270	(20)
Maternal Weight Gain	271	(2)
Nutritional Requirements	273	(5)
Calories	273	(1)
Carbohydrates	274	(1)
Protein	274	(1)
Fat	274	(1)
Minerals	274	(2)
Vitamins	276	(2)
Fluid	278	(1)
Vegetarianism	278	(2)
Factors Influencing Nutrition	280	(1)
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy	280	(1)
Salmonella and Listeria Infection	280	(2)
Mercury in Fish	280	(1)
Lactase Deficiency (Lactose Intolerance)	281	(1)
Cultural, Ethnic, and Religious Influences	281	(1)
Psychosocial Factors	282	(1)
Eating Disorders	282	(1)
Pica	282	(1)
Nutritional Care of the Pregnant Adolescent	282	(1)
Specific Nutrient Concerns	283	(1)
Dietary Patterns	283	(1)
Counseling Issues	283	(1)
Postpartum Nutrition	283	(7)
Postpartum Nutritional Status	283	(1)
Nutritional Care of Formula-Feeding Mothers	284	(1)
Nutritional Care of Breastfeeding Mothers	284	(1)
Nursing Management	284	(6)
Adolescent Pregnancy	290	(15)
Overview of the Adolescent Period	291	(1)
Physical Changes	291	(1)
Psychosocial Development	291	(1)
Factors Contributing to Adolescent Pregnancy	292	(2)
Socioeconomic and Cultural Factors	292	(1)
High-Risk Behaviors	292	(1)
Psychosocial Factors	293	(1)
Risks to the Adolescent Mother	294	(2)
Physiologic Risks	294	(1)
Psychologic Risks	294	(1)
Sociologic Risks	295	(1)
Risks for Her Child	296	(1)
Partners of Adolescent Mothers	296	(1)
Reactions of Family and Social Network to Adolescent Pregnancy	296	(5)
Nursing Management	297	(4)
Prevention of Adolescent Pregnancy	301	(4)
Pregnancy at Risk: Pregestational Problems	305	(31)
Care of the Woman with Substance Abuse Problems	306	(4)
Substances Commonly Abused During Pregnancy	308	(1)
Clinical Therapy	309	(1)
Nursing Management	309	(1)
Care of the Woman with Diabetes Mellitus	310	(10)
Carbohydrate Metabolism in Normal Pregnancy	310	(1)
Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus	310	(1)
Classification	311	(1)
Influence of Pregnancy on Diabetes	311	(1)
Influence of Diabetes on Pregnancy Outcome	312	(1)
Clinical Therapy	313	(1)
Antepartal Management of Diabetes Mellitus	313	(1)
Intrapartal Management of Diabetes Mellitus	314	(1)
Postpartal Management of Diabetes Mellitus	314	(1)
Nursing Management	315	(5)
Care of the Woman with Anemia	320	(1)
Care of the Woman with HIV Infection	320	(7)
Pathophysiology of HIV and AIDS	320	(1)
Maternal Risks	321	(1)
Fetal-Neonatal Risks	322	(1)
Clinical Therapy	322	(2)
Nursing Management	324	(3)
Care of the Woman with Heart Disease	327	(3)
Clinical Therapy	328	(1)
Labor and Birth	328	(1)
Nursing Management	328	(2)
Other Medical Conditions and Pregnancy	330	(6)
Pregnancy at Risk: Gestational Onset	336	(40)
Care of the Woman with a Bleeding Disorder	337	(6)
General Principles of Nursing Intervention	337	(1)
Spontaneous Abortion (Miscarriage)	338	(1)
Nursing Management	339	(1)
Ectopic Pregnancy	340	(1)
Nursing Management	341	(1)
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease	342	(1)
Nursing Management	343	(1)
Care of the Woman with an Incompetent Cervix	343	(1)
Care of the Woman with Hyperemesis Gravidarum	344	(1)
Clinical Therapy	344	(1)
Nursing Management	344	(1)
Care of the Woman with Premature Rupture of Membranes	345	(2)
Clinical Therapy	345	(1)
Nursing Management	346	(1)
Care of the Woman at Risk Due to Preterm Labor	347	(4)
Clinical Therapy	347	(2)
Nursing Management	349	(2)
Care of the Woman with a Hypertensive Disorder	351	(10)
Preeclampsia and Eclampsia	352	(3)
Nursing Management	355	(5)
Chronic Hypertensive Disease	360	(1)
Chronic Hypertension with Superimposed Preeclampsia	360	(1)
Gestational Hypertension	361	(1)
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation	361	(1)
Care of the Woman at Risk for Rh Alloimmunization	361	(3)
Fetal-Neonatal Risks	361	(1)
Screening for Rh Incompatibility and Sensitization	361	(1)
Clinical Therapy	362	(1)
Nursing Management	363	(1)
Care of the Woman at Risk Due to ABO Incompatibility	364	(1)
Care of the Woman Requiring Surgery During Pregnancy	364	(1)
Care of the Woman Suffering Trauma from an Accident	365	(1)
Care of the Battered Pregnant Woman	365	(1)
Care of the Woman with a Perinatal Infection Affecting the Fetus	366	(3)
Toxoplasmosis	366	(1)
Nursing Management	366	(1)
Rubella	367	(1)
Nursing Management	367	(1)
Cytomegalovirus	368	(1)
Herpes Simplex Virus	368	(1)
Nursing Management	368	(1)
Group B Streptococcal Infection	369	(1)
Other Infections in Pregnancy	369	(7)
Assessment of Fetal Well-Being	376	(17)
Maternal Assessment of Fetal Activity	377	(1)
Ultrasound	378	(3)
Procedures	379	(1)
Clinical Applications	380	(1)
Risks of Ultrasound	381	(1)
Nursing Management	381	(1)
Doppler Blood Flow Studies (Umbilical Velocimetry)	381	(1)
Nonstress Test	382	(2)
Procedure for NST	382	(1)
Interpretation of NST Results	382	(1)
Clinical Management	383	(1)
Nursing Management	383	(1)
Fetal Acoustic Stimulation Test and Vibroacoustic Stimulation Test	384	(1)
Biophysical Profile	384	(1)
Contraction Stress Test	385	(2)
Procedure	385	(1)
Interpretation of CST Results	386	(1)
Clinical Application	386	(1)
Nursing Management	386	(1)
Amniotic Fluid Analysis	387	(3)
Diagnostic Uses of Amniocentesis	387	(2)
Nursing Management	389	(1)
Chorionic Villus Sampling	390	(3)
UNIT IV BIRTH AND THE FAMILY	393	(172)
Processes and Stages of Labor and Birth	394	(26)
Critical Factors in Labor	395	(9)
The Birth Passage	395	(1)
The Fetus	396	(4)
Relationship of Maternal Pelvis and Presenting Part	400	(1)
The Physiologic Forces of Labor	401	(2)
Psychosocial Considerations	403	(1)
The Physiology of Labor	404	(3)
Possible Causes of Labor Onset	404	(1)
Myometrial Activity	405	(1)
Musculature Changes in the Pelvic Floor	406	(1)
Premonitory Signs of Labor	406	(1)
Differences Between True and False Labor	407	(1)
Stages of Labor and Birth	407	(6)
First Stage	407	(2)
Second Stage	409	(3)
Third Stage	412	(1)
Fourth Stage	413	(1)
Maternal Systemic Response to Labor	413	(3)
Cardiovascular System	413	(1)
Blood Pressure	414	(1)
Respiratory System	414	(1)
Renal System	414	(1)
Gastrointestinal System	414	(1)
Immune System and Other Blood Values	414	(1)
Pain	414	(2)
Fetal Response to Labor	416	(4)
Intrapartal Nursing Assessment	420	(28)
Maternal Assessment	421	(12)
History	421	(1)
Intrapartal High-Risk Screening	422	(2)
Intrapartal Physical and Psychosociocultural Assessment	424	(1)
Methods of Evaluating Labor Progress	424	(9)
Fetal Assessment	433	(15)
Fetal Position and Presentation	433	(1)
Auscultation of Fetal Heart Rate	433	(2)
Electronic Monitoring of Fetal Heart Rate	435	(8)
Scalp Stimulation Test	443	(1)
Fetal Scalp Blood Sampling	443	(1)
Fetal Oxygen Saturation (FSpO2) Monitoring	444	(1)
Cord Blood Analysis at Birth	444	(4)
The Family in Childbirth: Needs and Care	448	(32)
Nursing Diagnosis During Labor and Birth	449	(1)
Nursing Care During Admission	449	(5)
Nursing Care During the First Stage of Labor	454	(9)
Integration of Family Expectations	454	(1)
Integration of Cultural Beliefs	454	(1)
Provision of Care in the First Stage of Labor	455	(3)
Promotion of Comfort in the First Stage	458	(5)
Nursing Care During the Second Stage of Labor	463	(5)
Promotion of Comfort in the Second Stage	465	(1)
Assisting During Birth	465	(3)
Nursing Care During the Third and Fourth Stages of Labor	468	(6)
Initial Care of the Newborn	468	(3)
Delivery of the Placenta	471	(1)
Enhancing Attachment	472	(1)
Provision of Care in the Fourth Stage	472	(2)
Support of the Adolescent During Birth	474	(1)
Nursing Care During Precipitous Birth	475	(2)
Evaluation	477	(3)
Pharmacologic Pain Relief	480	(17)
Systemic Drugs	481	(3)
Nursing Care Management	482	(1)
Narcotic Analgesics	483	(1)
Analgesic Potentiators	483	(1)
Opiate Antagonist: Naloxone (Narcan)	484	(1)
Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia	484	(9)
Anesthetic Agents for Regional Blocks	485	(1)
Types of Local Anesthetic Agents	486	(1)
Adverse Maternal Reactions to Anesthetic Agents	486	(1)
Neonatal Neurobehavioral Effects of Anesthesia and Analgesia	487	(1)
Epidural Block	487	(2)
Continuous Epidural Infusion	489	(1)
Epidural Narcotic Analgesia after Birth	490	(1)
Spinal Block	490	(1)
Combined Spinal-Epidural Block	491	(1)
Pudendal Block	491	(1)
Local Infiltration Anesthesia	492	(1)
General Anesthesia	493	(4)
Complications of General Anesthesia	493	(1)
Nursing Care Management	493	(4)
Childbirth at Risk	497	(42)
Care of the Woman with Dystocia Related to Dysfunctional Uterine Contractions	498	(4)
Hypertonic Labor Patterns	498	(1)
Clinical Therapy	498	(1)
Nursing Management	499	(1)
Hypotonic Labor Patterns	500	(1)
Nursing Management	501	(1)
Care of the Woman Experiencing Precipitous Labor	502	(1)
Risks of Precipitous Labor	502	(1)
Nursing Management	502	(1)
Care of the Woman with Postterm Pregnancy	503	(1)
Risks of Postterm Pregnancy	503	(1)
Nursing Management	503	(1)
Care of the Woman and Fetus at Risk Due to Fetal Malposition	504	(1)
Risks of Fetal Malposition	504	(1)
Clinical Therapy	504	(1)
Nursing Management	504	(1)
Care of the Woman and Fetus at Risk Due to Fetal Malpresentation	505	(5)
Brow Presentation	505	(1)
Nursing Management	506	(1)
Face Presentation	506	(1)
Nursing Management	507	(1)
Breech Presentation	508	(1)
Nursing Management	508	(1)
Transverse Lie (Shoulder Presentation) of a Single Fetus	509	(1)
Compound Presentation	510	(1)
Care of the Woman and Fetus at Risk Due to Macrosomia	510	(1)
Risks of Macrosomia	510	(1)
Clinical Therapy	510	(1)
Nursing Management	510	(1)
Care of the Woman with Multiple Gestation	511	(2)
Maternal Implications	511	(1)
Fetal-Neonatal Implications	511	(1)
Clinical Therapy	511	(1)
Nursing Management	512	(1)
Care of the Woman and Fetus in the Presence of Nonreassuring Fetal Status	513	(1)
Maternal Implications	513	(1)
Clinical Therapy	513	(1)
Nursing Management	513	(1)
Care of the Woman and Fetus at Risk Due to Placental Problems	513	(6)
Abruptio Placentae	513	(3)
Placenta Previa	516	(2)
Nursing Management	518	(1)
Other Placental Problems	519	(1)
Care of the Woman and Fetus with a Prolapsed Umbilical Cord	519	(4)
Maternal Implications	519	(1)
Fetal-Neonatal Implications	519	(1)
Clinical Therapy	519	(3)
Nursing Management	522	(1)
Care of the Woman and Fetus at Risk Due to Amniotic Fluid-Related Complications	523	(2)
Amniotic Fluid Embolism	523	(1)
Hydramnios	523	(1)
Oligohydramnios	524	(1)
Care of the Woman with Cephalopelvic Disproportion	525	(1)
Types of Contractures	525	(1)
Maternal Implications	525	(1)
Fetal-Neonatal Implications	525	(1)
Clinical Therapy	525	(1)
Nursing Management	525	(1)
Care of the Woman at Risk Due to Complications of the Third and Fourth Stages of Labor	526	(1)
Retained Placenta	526	(1)
Lacerations	526	(1)
Placenta Accreta	526	(1)
Care of the Family Experiencing Perinatal Loss	526	(6)
Common Causes of Perinatal Loss	526	(1)
Maternal Physiologic Implications	527	(1)
Clinical Therapy	527	(1)
Postbirth Evaluation	528	(1)
Phases of Grief	528	(1)
Nursing Management	529	(3)
Care of the Woman with a Psychologic Disorder	532	(7)
Maternal Implications	532	(1)
Clinical Therapy	532	(1)
Nursing Management	532	(7)
Birth-Related Procedures	539	(26)
Care of the Woman During Version	540	(1)
Criteria for External Version	540	(1)
Contraindications for External Version	540	(1)
Nursing Care Management	541	(1)
Care of the Woman During Amniotomy	541	(1)
AROM Procedure	542	(1)
Nursing Care Management	542	(1)
Care of the Woman During Cervical Ripening	542	(1)
Prostaglandin Agents	542	(1)
Misoprostol (Cytotec)	542	(1)
Nursing Care Management	543	(1)
Care of the Woman During Labor Induction	543	(4)
Labor Readiness	544	(1)
Methods of Inducing Labor	544	(1)
Nursing Care Management	545	(2)
Care of the Woman During Amnioinfusion	547	(3)
Nursing Care Management	550	(1)
Care of the Woman During an Episiotomy	550	(2)
Factors That Predispose Women to Episiotomy	550	(1)
Preventive Measures	550	(1)
Episiotomy Procedure	551	(1)
Nursing Care Management	551	(1)
Care of the Woman During Forceps-Assisted Birth	552	(2)
Indications for Forceps-Assisted Birth	552	(1)
Neonatal and Maternal Risks	552	(1)
Nursing Care Management	552	(2)
Care of the Woman During Vacuum-Assisted Birth	554	(1)
Nursing Care Management	554	(1)
Care of the Family During Cesarean Birth	554	(5)
Indications	555	(1)
Maternal Mortality and Morbidity	555	(1)
Skin Incisions	555	(1)
Uterine Incisions	555	(1)
Analgesia and Anesthesia	556	(1)
Nursing Care Management	557	(1)
Immediate Postnatal Recovery Period	558	(1)
Care of the Woman Undergoing Vaginal Birth after Cesarean (VBAC)	559	(6)
Nursing Care Management	560	(5)
UNIT V THE POSTPARTAL CHILDBEARING FAMILY AND NEWBORN	565	(322)
Postpartal Adaptation and Nursing Assessment	566	(24)
Postpartal Physical Adaptations	567	(5)
Reproductive System	567	(2)
Abdomen	569	(1)
Lactation	570	(1)
Gastrointestinal System	570	(1)
Urinary Tract	570	(1)
Vital Signs	570	(1)
Blood Values	571	(1)
Cardiovascular Changes	571	(1)
Neurologic Changes and Conditions	571	(1)
Weight Loss	572	(1)
Postpartal Chill	572	(1)
Postpartal Diaphoresis	572	(1)
Afterpains	572	(1)
Postpartal Psychologic Adaptations	572	(2)
Taking In and Taking Hold	572	(1)
Maternal Role Attainment	573	(1)
Postpartum Blues	574	(1)
Importance of Social Support	574	(1)
Development of Family Attachment	574	(3)
Initial Maternal Attachment Behavior	574	(2)
Cultural Influences in the Postpartal Period	576	(1)
Postpartal Nursing Assessment	577	(13)
Risk Factors	577	(1)
Physical Assessment	577	(9)
Psychologic Assessment	586	(1)
Assessment of Early Attachment	586	(1)
Discharge Assessment and Follow-Up	586	(4)
The Postpartum Family: Needs and Care	590	(23)
Nursing Care During the Early Postpartum Period	591	(4)
Nursing Diagnosis	591	(1)
Planning and Implementation	591	(4)
Promotion of Maternal Comfort and Well-Being	595	(6)
Monitoring Uterine Status	595	(1)
Relief of Perineal Discomfort	595	(2)
Relief of Hemorrhoidal Discomfort	597	(1)
Relief of Afterpains	597	(1)
Relief of Discomfort from Immobility and Muscle Strain	598	(1)
Relief of Discomfort from Postpartum Diaphoresis	598	(1)
Suppression of Lactation in the Nonbreastfeeding Mother	598	(2)
Pharmacologic Interventions	600	(1)
Relief of Emotional Stress	600	(1)
Promotion of Maternal Rest and Activity	601	(1)
Resumption of Activities	601	(1)
Postpartum Exercises	602	(1)
Promotion of Effective Parent Learning	602	(2)
Promotion of Family Wellness	604	(1)
Reactions of Siblings	604	(1)
Sexual Activity and Contraception	604	(1)
Promotion of Parent-Infant Attachment	605	(1)
Nursing Care Following Cesarean Birth	605	(3)
Promotion of Maternal Physical Well-Being	605	(2)
Promotion of Parent-Infant Interaction after Cesarean Birth	607	(1)
Nursing Care of the Postpartal Adolescent	608	(1)
Nursing Care of the Woman Who Relinquishes Her Baby	608	(1)
Preparation for Discharge	609	(4)
Evaluation	610	(3)
The Postpartal Family at Risk	613	(32)
Care of the Woman with Postpartal Hemorrhage	614	(6)
Early Postpartal Hemorrhage	615	(1)
Uterine Atony	615	(1)
Lacerations of the Reproductive Tract	616	(1)
Retained Placental Fragments	616	(1)
Vulvar, Vaginal, and Pelvic Hematomas	616	(2)
Uterine Inversion	618	(1)
Late Postpartal Hemorrhage	618	(1)
Nursing Management	618	(2)
Care of the Woman with a Reproductive Tract Infection or Wound Infection	620	(5)
Postpartal Uterine Infection	620	(1)
Endometritis (Metritis)	620	(3)
Pelvic Cellulitis (Parametritis) and Peritonitis	623	(1)
Perineal Wound Infections	623	(1)
Cesarean Wound Infection	623	(1)
Clinical Therapy	623	(1)
Nursing Management	624	(1)
Care of the Woman with a Urinary Tract Infection	625	(1)
Overdistention of the Bladder	625	(1)
Clinical Therapy	625	(1)
Nursing Management	625	(1)
Cystitis (Lower Urinary Tract Infection)	626	(1)
Clinical Therapy	626	(1)
Nursing Management	626	(1)
Care of the Woman with Mastitis	627	(2)
Clinical Therapy	628	(1)
Nursing Management	628	(1)
Care of the Woman with Postpartal Thromboembolic Disease	629	(7)
Superficial Vein Leg Disease	630	(1)
Deep Vein Thrombosis	630	(1)
Septic Pelvic Thrombophlebitis	631	(1)
Clinical Therapy	631	(1)
Nursing Management	631	(5)
Care of the Woman with a Postpartum Psychiatric Disorder	636	(9)
Types of Postpartum Psychiatric Disorders	636	(1)
Adjustment Reaction with Depressed Mood	636	(1)
Postpartum Psychosis	637	(1)
Postpartum Major Mood Disorder	637	(1)
Clinical Therapy	637	(1)
Nursing Management	637	(8)
The Physiologic Responses of the Newborn to Birth	645	(25)
Respiratory Adaptations	646	(4)
Intrauterine Factors Supporting Respiratory Function	646	(1)
Initiation of Breathing	647	(2)
Factors Opposing the First Breath	649	(1)
Cardiopulmonary Physiology	649	(1)
Oxygen Transport	649	(1)
Maintaining Respiratory Function	649	(1)
Characteristics of Newborn Respiration	649	(1)
Cardiovascular Adaptations	650	(3)
Fetal-Newborn Transitional Physiology	650	(2)
Characteristics of Cardiac Function	652	(1)
Hematopoietic System	653	(1)
Temperature Regulation	653	(3)
Heat Loss	654	(1)
Heat Production (Thermogenesis)	655	(1)
Response to Heat	656	(1)
Hepatic Adaptations	656	(4)
Iron Storage and RBC Production	656	(1)
Carbohydrate Metabolism	656	(1)
Conjugation of Bilirubin	657	(1)
Physiologic Jaundice	657	(2)
Breastfeeding Jaundice and Breast Milk Jaundice	659	(1)
Coagulation	660	(1)
Gastrointestinal Adaptations	660	(1)
Digestion and Absorption	660	(1)
Elimination	661	(1)
Urinary Adaptations	661	(1)
Kidney Development and Function	661	(1)
Characteristics of Newborn Urinary Function	662	(1)
Immunologic Adaptations	662	(1)
Neurologic and Sensory-Perceptual Functioning	663	(7)
Intrauterine Factors Influencing Newborn Behavior	663	(1)
Characteristics of Newborn Neurologic Function	663	(1)
Periods of Reactivity	664	(1)
Behavioral States of the Newborn	664	(1)
Behavioral-Sensory Capacities of the Newborn	665	(5)
Nursing Assessment of the Newborn	670	(46)
Timing of Newborn Assessments	671	(1)
Estimation of Gestational Age	672	(9)
Assessment of Physical Maturity Characteristics	674	(3)
Assessment of Neuromuscular Maturity Characteristics	677	(4)
Physical Assessment	681	(35)
General Appearance	681	(1)
Weight and Measurements	681	(2)
Temperature	683	(1)
Skin Characteristics	684	(2)
Birthmarks	686	(1)
Head	687	(1)
Hair	688	(1)
Face	689	(1)
Eyes	689	(12)
Nose	701	(1)
Mouth	701	(1)
Ears	702	(1)
Neck	702	(1)
Chest	703	(1)
Cry	703	(1)
Respiration	703	(1)
Heart	704	(1)
Abdomen	705	(1)
Umbilical Cord	705	(1)
Genitals	705	(1)
Anus	706	(1)
Extremities	706	(1)
Back	707	(1)
Assessment of Neurologic Status	707	(4)
Newborn Physical Assessment Guide	711	(1)
Newborn Behavioral Assessment	711	(5)
Normal Newborn: Needs and Care	716	(28)
Nursing Management During Admission and the First Four Hours of Life	717	(9)
Nursing Management of the Newborn Following Transition	726	(5)
Nursing Management in Preparation for Discharge	731	(13)
Newborn Nutrition	744	(23)
Nutritional Needs of the Newborn	745	(5)
Breast Milk Feeding	745	(3)
Formula-Feeding	748	(2)
Timing of Newborn Feedings	750	(17)
Initial Feeding	750	(1)
Establishing a Feeding Pattern	750	(1)
Cultural Considerations in Infant Feeding	751	(1)
Promotion of Successful Infant Feeding	752	(2)
Client Education for Breastfeeding	754	(1)
Physiology of the Breasts and Lactation	754	(7)
Client Education for Formula-Feeding	761	(2)
Nutritional Assessment of the Infant	763	(4)
The Newborn at Risk: Conditions Present at Birth	767	(46)
Identification of At-Risk Newborns	768	(3)
Care of the Small-for-Gestational-Age/Intrauterine Growth Restriction Newborn	771	(2)
Factors Contributing to IUGR	771	(1)
Patterns of IUGR	771	(1)
Common Complications of the SGA Newborn	772	(1)
Clinical Therapy	772	(1)
Nursing Management	773	(1)
Care of the Large-for-Gestational-Age (LGA) Newborn	773	(5)
Common Complications of the LGA Newborn	777	(1)
Care of the Infant of a Diabetic Mother (IDM)	778	(2)
Common Complications of the IDM	778	(1)
Clinical Therapy	779	(1)
Nursing Management	779	(1)
Care of the Postterm Newborn	780	(2)
Common Complications of the Newborn with Postmaturity Syndrome	780	(1)
Clinical Therapy	780	(1)
Nursing Management	781	(1)
Care of the Preterm (Premature) Newborn	782	(12)
Alteration in Respiratory and Cardiac Physiology	782	(1)
Alteration in Thermoregulation	782	(1)
Alteration in Gastrointestinal Physiology	783	(1)
Alteration in Renal Physiology	783	(1)
Alteration in Reactivity Periods and Behavioral States	784	(1)
Management of Nutrition and Fluid Requirements	784	(3)
Common Complications of Preterm Newborns	787	(1)
Long-Term Needs and Outcome	787	(1)
Nursing Management	788	(6)
Care of the Newborn with Congenital Anomalies	794	(1)
Nursing Management	798
Care of the Newborn of a Substance-Abusing Mother	794	(11)
Alcohol Dependence	795	(4)
Drug Dependency	799	(1)
Nursing Management	800	(2)
Infants of Mothers Who Are Tobacco Dependent	802	(3)
Nursing Care Management	805	(1)
Care of the Newborn at Risk for HIV/AIDS	805	(1)
Care of the Newborn with Congenital Heart Defects	805	(3)
Overview of Congenital Heart Defects	806	(1)
Nursing Management	806	(2)
Care of the Newborn with Inborn Errors of Metabolism	808	(5)
The Newborn at Risk: Birth-Related Stressors	813	(50)
Care of the Newborn at Risk Due to Asphyxia	814	(4)
Risk Factors Predisposing to Asphyxia	814	(1)
Clinical Therapy	815	(1)
Resuscitation Management	815	(3)
Nursing Management	818	(1)
Care of the Newborn with Respiratory Distress	818	(11)
Respiratory Distress Syndrome	819	(2)
Clinical Therapy	821	(1)
Nursing Management	822	(2)
Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn	824	(5)
Care of the Newborn with Meconium Aspiration Syndrome	829	(2)
Clinical Manifestations of MAS	829	(1)
Clinical Therapy	830	(1)
Nursing Management	830	(1)
Care of the Newborn with Cold Stress	831	(1)
Nursing Management	831	(1)
Care of the Newborn with Hypoglycemia	832	(3)
Clinical Therapy	832	(1)
Nursing Management	833	(2)
Care of the Newborn with Jaundice	835	(9)
Physiologic Jaundice	835	(1)
Pathophysiology of Hyperbilirubinemia	835	(1)
Causes of Hyperbilirubinemia	835	(1)
Clinical Therapy	836	(1)
Therapeutic Management	837	(1)
Nursing Management	838	(6)
Care of the Newborn with Anemia	844	(1)
Clinical Therapy	845	(1)
Nursing Management	845	(1)
Care of the Newborn with Polycythemia	845	(1)
Clinical Therapy	845	(1)
Nursing Management	845	(1)
Care of the Newborn with Infection	846	(4)
Clinical Therapy	846	(2)
Nursing Management	848	(2)
Care of the Family of an At-Risk Newborn	850	(8)
Parental Responses	850	(1)
Developmental Consequences	851	(1)
Nursing Management	852	(6)
Considerations for the Nurse Who Works with At-Risk Newborns	858	(5)
Home Care of the Postpartum Family	863	(24)
The Home Visit	864	(2)
Purposes of the Home Visit	865	(1)
Fostering a Caring Relationship with the Family	865	(1)
Maintaining Safety	865	(1)
Carrying Out the Home Visit	865	(1)
Home Care: The Newborn	866	(7)
Positioning and Handling	866	(1)
Newborn Feeding	866	(1)
Bathing	867	(2)
Nail Care	869	(1)
Dressing the Newborn	869	(1)
Temperature Assessment	869	(1)
Stools and Urine	870	(1)
Sleep and Activity	871	(1)
Crying	871	(1)
Safety Considerations	871	(2)
Newborn Screening and Immunization Program	873	(1)
Home Care: The Mother and Family	873	(9)
Assessment of the Mother and Family	873	(4)
Breastfeeding Concerns Following Discharge	877	(5)
Resumption of Sexual Activity	882	(1)
Additional Types of Follow-Up Care	882	(5)
Return Visits	882	(1)
Telephone Follow-Up	883	(1)
Postpartum Classes and Support Groups	883	(4)
UNIT VI CARE AND NEEDS OF CHILDREN	887	(346)
Growth and Development	888	(39)
Principles of Growth and Development	889	(1)
Major Theories of Development	890	(12)
Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development	890	(2)
Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development	892	(1)
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development	892	(3)
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development	895	(1)
Social Learning Theory	896	(1)
Behaviorism	897	(1)
Ecologic Theory	897	(2)
Temperament Theory	899	(1)
Resiliency Theory	900	(2)
Influences on Development	902	(2)
Infant (Birth to 1 Year)	904	(4)
Physical Growth and Development	904	(1)
Cognitive Development	904	(3)
Play	907	(1)
Personality and Temperament	908	(1)
Communication	908	(1)
Toddler (1 to 3 Years)	908	(4)
Physical Growth and Development	908	(1)
Cognitive Development	909	(1)
Play	910	(1)
Personality and Temperament	911	(1)
Communication	911	(1)
Preschool Child (3 to 6 Years)	912	(4)
Physical Growth and Development	912	(2)
Cognitive Development	914	(1)
Play	914	(1)
Personality and Temperament	915	(1)
Communication	916	(1)
School--Age Child (6 to 12 Years)	916	(4)
Physical Growth and Development	917	(1)
Cognitive Development	917	(1)
Play	918	(1)
Personality and Temperament	919	(1)
Communication	919	(1)
Sexuality	919	(1)
Adolescent (12 to 18 Years)	920	(7)
Physical Growth and Development	920	(1)
Cognitive Development	920	(1)
Activities	920	(1)
Personality and Temperament	921	(1)
Communication	921	(1)
Sexuality	922	(5)
Infant, Child, and Adolescent Nutrition	927	(34)
General Concepts in Nutrition	928	(1)
Nutritional Needs	929	(7)
Infancy	929	(4)
Toddlerhood	933	(1)
Preschool	934	(1)
School-Age	935	(1)
Adolescence	935	(1)
Nutritional Assessment	936	(6)
Physical and Behavioral Measurement	936	(1)
Dietary Intake	937	(5)
Common Nutritional Concerns	942	(11)
Childhood Hunger	942	(1)
Overweight and Obesity	943	(1)
Food Safety	944	(1)
Common Dietary Deficiencies	945	(2)
Feeding and Eating Disorders	947	(1)
Nursing Management	948	(4)
Food Reactions	952	(1)
Nutritional Support	953	(8)
Sports Nutrition	953	(2)
Health-Related Conditions	955	(1)
Vegetarianism	955	(1)
Enteral Therapy	955	(1)
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)	956	(5)
Pediatric Assessment	961	(62)
Anatomic and Physiologic Characteristics of Infants and Children	962	(1)
Obtaining the Child's History	962	(8)
Communication Strategies	962	(2)
Data to Be Collected	964	(4)
Developmental Approach to the Examination	968	(2)
General Appraisal	970	(1)
Assessing Skin and Hair Characteristics	971	(2)
Inspection of the Skin	971	(1)
Palpation of the Skin	971	(1)
Capillary Refill and Small-Vein Filling Times	972	(1)
Skin Lesions	972	(1)
Inspection of the Hair	972	(1)
Palpation of the Hair	973	(1)
Assessing the Head for Skull Characteristics and Facial Features	973	(3)
Inspection of the Head and Face	973	(2)
Palpation of the Skull	975	(1)
Assessing Eye Structures, Function, and Vision	976	(4)
Inspection of the External Eye Structures	976	(1)
Inspection of the Eye Muscles	977	(1)
Vision Assessment	978	(1)
Inspection of the Internal Eye Structures	979	(1)
Assessing the Ear Structures and Hearing	980	(3)
Inspection of the External Ear Structures	980	(1)
Inspection of the Tympanic Membrane	980	(1)
Hearing Assessment	981	(2)
Assessing the Nose and Sinuses for Airway Patency and Discharge	983	(2)
Inspection of the External Nose	983	(1)
Palpation of the External Nose	984	(1)
Assessment of Smell	984	(1)
Inspection of the Internal Nose	984	(1)
Inspection of the Sinuses	985	(1)
Assessing the Mouth and Throat for Color, Function, and Signs of Abnormal Conditions	985	(3)
Inspection of the Mouth	985	(2)
Palpation of the Mouth Structures	987	(1)
Inspection of the Throat	987	(1)
Assessing the Neck for Characteristics, Range of Motion, and Lymph Nodes	988	(1)
Inspection of the Neck	988	(1)
Palpation of the Neck	988	(1)
Range of Motion Assessment	989	(1)
Assessing the Chest for Shape, Movement, Respiratory Effort, and Lung Function	989	(6)
Topographic Landmarks of the Chest	990	(1)
Inspection of the Chest	990	(2)
Palpation of the Chest	992	(1)
Auscultation of the Chest	992	(2)
Percussion of the Chest	994	(1)
Assessing the Breasts	995	(1)
Inspection of the Breasts	995	(1)
Palpation of the Breasts	995	(1)
Assessing the Heart for Heart Sounds and Function	995	(5)
Inspection of the Precordium	995	(1)
Palpation of the Precordium	995	(1)
Percussion of the Heart Borders	996	(1)
Auscultation of the Heart	996	(2)
Completing the Heart Examination	998	(2)
Assessing the Abdomen for Shape, Bowel Sounds, and Underlying Organs	1000	(5)
Topographic Landmarks of the Abdomen	1000	(1)
Inspection of the Abdomen	1000	(3)
Auscultation of the Abdomen	1003	(1)
Percussion of the Abdomen	1003	(1)
Palpation of the Abdomen	1004	(1)
Assessment of the Inguinal Area	1005	(1)
Assessing the Genital and Perineal Areas for External Structural Abnormalities	1005	(3)
Preparation of Children for the Examination	1005	(1)
Inspection of the Female Genitalia	1005	(1)
Palpation of the Female Genitalia	1006	(1)
Inspection of the Male Genitalia	1006	(1)
Palpation of the Male Genitalia	1006	(1)
Inspection of the Anus and Rectum	1007	(1)
Palpation of the Anus and Rectum	1007	(1)
Assessment of Pubertal Development and Sexual Maturation	1008	(1)
Females	1008	(1)
Males	1009	(1)
Sexual Maturity Rating	1009	(1)
Assessing the Musculoskeletal System for Bone and Joint Structure, Movement, and Muscle Strength	1009	(4)
Inspection of the Bones, Muscles, and Joints	1009	(1)
Palpation of the Bones, Muscles, and Joints	1010	(1)
Range of Motion and Muscle Strength Assessment	1010	(1)
Posture and Spinal Alignment	1011	(1)
Inspection of the Upper Extremities	1011	(1)
Inspection of the Lower Extremities	1012	(1)
Assessing the Nervous System for Cognitive Function, Balance, Coordination, Cranial Nerve Function, Sensation, and Reflexes	1013	(4)
Cognitive Function	1013	(1)
Cerebellar Function	1014	(1)
Cranial Nerve Function	1015	(1)
Sensory Function	1016	(1)
Infant Primitive Reflexes	1017	(1)
Superficial and Deep Tendon Reflexes	1017	(1)
Analyzing Data from the Physical Examination	1017	(6)
Social and Environmental Influences on the Child	1023	(38)
Basic Concepts	1024	(1)
External Influences on Child Health	1025	(7)
Poverty	1025	(1)
Stress	1026	(2)
Family Structure	1028	(1)
School and Child Care	1029	(2)
Community	1031	(1)
Culture	1031	(1)
Lifestyle Activities and Their Influence on Child Health	1032	(11)
Tobacco Use	1032	(1)
Nursing Management	1033	(1)
Substance Use	1034	(3)
Nursing Management	1037	(2)
Physical Inactivity	1039	(1)
Injury and Protective Equipment	1039	(2)
Body Art	1041	(1)
Sexual Orientation	1042	(1)
Effects of Violence	1043	(6)
Schools and Communities	1043	(1)
Bullying	1044	(1)
Incarceration	1045	(1)
Nursing Management	1045	(3)
Nursing Care in the Community	1048	(1)
Child Abuse	1049	(6)
Physical Abuse	1049	(1)
Physical Neglect	1049	(1)
Emotional Abuse	1050	(1)
Emotional Neglect	1050	(1)
Sexual Abuse	1050	(2)
Nursing Management	1052	(3)
Additional Abusive and Violent Situations	1055	(6)
Abandoned Babies	1055	(1)
Hazing	1055	(1)
Domestic Violence	1055	(1)
Dating Violence	1055	(1)
Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy	1056	(5)
Health Promotion and Health Maintenance for the Infant and Young Child	1061	(36)
General Concepts	1062	(3)
Components of Health Promotion/Health Maintenance Visits	1065	(5)
Health Promotion and Health Maintenance of the Infant	1070	(10)
Early Contacts with the Family	1071	(1)
General Observations	1071	(1)
Growth and Developmental Surveillance	1071	(1)
Nutrition	1072	(1)
Physical Activity	1073	(1)
Oral Health	1074	(1)
Mental and Spiritual Health	1074	(2)
Relationships	1076	(1)
Disease Prevention Strategies	1076	(1)
Injury Prevention Strategies	1077	(1)
Nursing Management	1077	(3)
Health Promotion and Health Maintenance of the Young Child	1080	(17)
General Observations	1081	(1)
Growth and Developmental Surveillance	1081	(1)
Nutrition	1082	(1)
Physical Activity	1083	(2)
Oral Health	1085	(1)
Mental and Spiritual Health	1085	(2)
Relationships	1087	(1)
Disease Prevention Strategies	1087	(1)
Injury Prevention Strategies	1088	(3)
Nursing Management	1091	(6)
Health Promotion and Health Maintenance in the Older Child and Adolescent	1097	(29)
Health Promotion and Health Maintenance of the Older Child	1098	(13)
General Observations	1098	(1)
Growth and Developmental Surveillance	1099	(1)
Nutrition	1099	(1)
Physical Activity	1100	(2)
Oral Health	1102	(1)
Mental and Spiritual Health	1102	(3)
Relationships	1105	(1)
Disease Prevention Strategies	1106	(1)
Injury Prevention Strategies	1107	(1)
Nursing Management	1108	(3)
Health Promotion and Health Maintenance of the Adolescent	1111	(15)
General Observations	1111	(1)
Growth and Developmental Surveillance	1112	(1)
Nutrition	1113	(1)
Physical Activity	1114	(1)
Oral Health	1115	(1)
Mental and Spiritual Health	1115	(3)
Relationships	1118	(1)
Disease Prevention Strategies	1118	(1)
Injury Prevention Strategies	1119	(1)
Nursing Management	1120	(6)
Nursing Considerations for the Child and Family in the Community	1126	(26)
Family Assessment	1127	(3)
Family Stressors	1127	(1)
Family Strengths	1127	(1)
Collecting Data for Family Assessment	1128	(1)
Family Assessment Tools	1129	(1)
Family Support Services in the Community	1129	(1)
Settings for Community Healthcare	1130	(10)
Office or Healthcare Center Setting	1131	(2)
Specialty Healthcare Settings	1133	(1)
School Settings	1133	(2)
Childcare Settings	1135	(1)
Home Healthcare Setting	1136	(3)
Disaster Preparedness	1139	(1)
The Child with a Chronic Condition	1140	(12)
Role of the Nurse	1141	(1)
Community Sites of Care	1142	(10)
Nursing Considerations for the Hospitalized Child	1152	(28)
Effects of Illness and Hospitalization on Children and Families	1153	(2)
Children's Understanding of Health and Illness	1153	(2)
Family Responses to Hospitalization	1155	(1)
Preparation for Hospitalization	1155	(2)
Adaptation to Hospitalization	1157	(17)
Special Units and Types of Care	1157	(2)
Family Assessment	1159	(1)
Child and Family Teaching	1160	(1)
Strategies to Promote Coping and Normal Development	1161	(5)
Strategies to Meet Educational Needs	1166	(1)
Preparation for Procedures	1167	(7)
Preparation for Long-Term Care	1174	(1)
Preparation for Home Care	1175	(5)
Assessing the Child in Preparation for Discharge	1175	(1)
Preparing the Family for Home Care	1175	(2)
Preparing Parents to Act as Case Managers	1177	(3)
The Child with a Life-Threatening Condition and End-of-Life Care	1180	(27)
Life-Threatening Illness or Injury	1181	(1)
Child's Experience	1181	(6)
Stressors to the Child	1182	(1)
Coping Mechanisms	1182	(1)
Nursing Management	1183	(4)
Parents' Experience	1187	(4)
What Makes a Problem a Crisis?	1187	(1)
Reactions to Life-Threatening Illness or Injury	1187	(1)
Nursing Management	1188	(3)
Siblings' Experience	1191	(1)
End-of-Life Care	1192	(1)
Palliative Care	1192	(1)
Hospice Care	1193	(1)
Ethical Issues Surrounding a Child's Death	1193	(1)
Withdrawal of or Withholding Treatment	1193	(1)
Conflicts Regarding Parental Treatment Refusal	1193	(1)
Do-Not-Resucitate Orders	1193	(1)
School Considerations	1194	(1)
Care of the Dying Child	1194	(5)
Awareness of Dying by Developmental Age	1195	(1)
Nursing Management	1195	(4)
Bereavement	1199	(3)
Parents' Reactions	1199	(1)
Sudden Death of a Child	1200	(1)
Death of a Newborn or Young Infant	1200	(1)
Siblings' Reactions	1200	(2)
Staff Reactions to the Death of a Child	1202	(5)
Pain Assessment and Management in Children	1207	(26)
Acute and Chronic Pain	1208	(1)
Misconceptions about Pain in Children	1208	(2)
Clinical Manifestations	1209	(1)
Consequences of Pain	1209	(1)
Pain Assessment	1210	(5)
Pain History	1210	(2)
Cultural Influences on Pain	1212	(1)
Developmental Responses to Pain	1212	(1)
Pain Assessment Scales	1213	(2)
Clinical Therapy for Pain	1215	(11)
Pain Medications	1215	(3)
Drug Administration	1218	(1)
Regional Pain Management	1219	(1)
Nursing Management	1220	(6)
Nursing Management of Chronic Pain	1226	(1)
Sedation and Pain Management for Medical Procedures	1226	(7)
Clinical Therapy	1227	(1)
Nursing Management	1227	(6)
UNIT VII CARING FOR CHILDREN WITH ALTERATIONS IN HEALTH STATUS	1233	(671)
The Child with Alterations in Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance	1234	(43)
Anatomy and Physiology of Pediatric Differences	1235	(2)
Extracellular Fluid Volume Imbalances	1237	(13)
Extracellular Fluid Volume Deficit (Dehydration)	1237	(4)
Nursing Management	1241	(4)
Extracellular Fluid Volume Excess	1245	(2)
Interstitial Fluid Volume Excess (Edema)	1247	(3)
Sodium Imbalances	1250	(1)
Hypernatremia	1250	(2)
Nursing Management	1251	(1)
Hyponatremia	1252	(1)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1252	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1252	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1252	(1)
Nursing Management	1252	(1)
Hyperkalemia	1253	(2)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1253	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1254	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1254	(1)
Nursing Management	1254	(1)
Hypokalemia	1255	(3)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1255	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1255	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1256	(1)
Nursing Management	1256	(2)
Hypercalcemia	1258	(2)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1259	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1259	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1259	(1)
Nursing Management	1259	(1)
Hypocalcemia	1260	(2)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1260	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1260	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1261	(1)
Nursing Management	1261	(1)
Hypermagnesemia	1262	(1)
Nursing Management	1263	(1)
Hypomagnesemia	1263	(2)
Nursing Management	1263	(2)
Buffers	1265	(1)
Role of the Lungs	1266	(1)
Role of the Kidneys	1266	(1)
Role of the Liver	1267	(1)
Respiratory Acidosis	1267	(3)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1267	(2)
Clinical Manifestations	1269	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1269	(1)
Nursing Management	1269	(1)
Respiratory Alkalosis	1270	(1)
Nursing Management	1270	(1)
Metabolic Acidosis	1271	(2)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1271	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1272	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1272	(1)
Nursing Management	1272	(1)
Metabolic Alkalosis	1273	(1)
Nursing Management	1273	(1)
Mixed Acid-Base Imbalances	1273	(4)
The Child with Alterations in Immune Function	1277	(33)
Anatomy and Physiology of Pediatric Differences	1278	(2)
B-Cell and T-Cell Disorders	1280	(1)
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease	1281	(2)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1281	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1281	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1281	(1)
Nursing Management	1282	(1)
Wiskott--Aldrich Syndrome	1283	(1)
Nursing Management	1284	(1)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome	1284	(11)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1284	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1284	(2)
Clinical Therapy	1286	(1)
Nursing Management	1287	(8)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	1295	(3)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1296	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1296	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1296	(1)
Nursing Management	1297	(1)
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis	1298	(2)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1299	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1299	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1299	(1)
Nursing Management	1299	(1)
Allergic Reactions	1300	(3)
Nursing Management	1302	(1)
Latex Allergy	1303	(3)
Graft-versus-Host Disease	1306	(4)
The Child with Infectious and Communicable Diseases	1310	(38)
Special Vulnerability of Children	1312	(1)
Immunization	1313	(12)
Nursing Management	1316	(9)
Infectious and Communicable Diseases in Children	1325	(18)
Clinical Manifestations	1325	(15)
Clinical Therapy	1340	(1)
Nursing Management	1341	(2)
Emerging Infection Control Threats	1343	(5)
Nursing Management	1343	(5)
The Child with Alterations in Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Function	1348	(40)
Anatomy and Physiology of Pediatric Differences	1349	(2)
Eye	1349	(1)
Ear	1349	(1)
Nose and Throat	1350	(1)
Infectious Conjunctivitis	1351	(1)
Nursing Management	1352	(1)
Periorbital Cellulitis	1352	(1)
Visual Disorders	1352	(2)
Nursing Management	1353	(1)
Color Blindness	1354	(1)
Retinopathy of Prematurity	1354	(5)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1354	(3)
Clinical Manifestations	1357	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1357	(1)
Nursing Management	1357	(2)
Visual Impairment	1359	(3)
Nursing Management	1360	(2)
Injuries of the Eye	1362	(1)
Disorders of the Ear	1363	(1)
Otitis Media	1363	(4)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1363	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1364	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1365	(2)
Nursing Management	1367	(1)
Otitis Externa	1367	(3)
Hearing Impairment	1370	(6)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1370	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1371	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1372	(1)
Nursing Management	1373	(3)
Injuries of the Ear	1376	(1)
Disorders of the Nose, Throat, and Mouth	1377	(1)
Epistaxis	1377	(1)
Nursing Management	1377	(1)
Nasopharyngitis	1378	(1)
Nursing Management	1378	(1)
Sinusitis	1379	(1)
Pharyngitis	1379	(1)
Nursing Management	1380	(1)
Tonsillitis	1380	(3)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1380	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1380	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1380	(1)
Nursing Management	1381	(2)
Mouth and Dental Emergencies	1383	(5)
The Child with Alterations in Respiratory Function	1388	(51)
Anatomy and Physiology of Pediatric Differences	1390	(2)
Upper Airway Differences	1390	(2)
Respiratory Distress and Respiratory Failure	1392	(4)
Foreign-Body Aspiration	1392	(1)
Nursing Management	1392	(2)
Respiratory Failure	1394	(2)
Apnea	1396	(4)
Apparent Life-Threatening Event (ALTE)	1396	(1)
Obstructive Sleep Apnea	1397	(1)
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)	1398	(2)
Croup Syndromes	1400	(4)
Laryngotracheobronchitis	1400	(2)
Nursing Management	1402	(2)
Lower Airway Disorders	1404	(1)
Bronchitis	1404	(1)
Nursing Management	1404	(1)
Bronchiolitis	1404	(5)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1405	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1405	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1405	(1)
Nursing Management	1406	(3)
Pneumonia	1409	(1)
Nursing Management	1410	(1)
Tuberculosis	1410	(1)
Nursing Management	1411	(1)
Chronic Lung Diseases	1411	(1)
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia	1411	(2)
Asthma	1413	(13)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1414	(6)
Nursing Management	1420	(6)
Status Asthmaticus	1426	(1)
Cystic Fibrosis	1426	(6)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1426	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1427	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1427	(2)
Nursing Management	1429	(3)
Injuries of the Respiratory System	1432	(1)
Smoke-Inhalation Injury	1432	(1)
Nursing Management	1433	(1)
Blunt Chest Trauma	1433	(6)
Pulmonary Contusion	1433	(1)
Pneumothorax	1433	(6)
The Child with Alterations in Cardiovascular Function	1439	(50)
Anatomy and Physiology of Pediatric Differences	1440	(1)
Oxygenation	1440	(1)
Cardiac Functioning	1441	(1)
Congestive Heart Failure	1441	(7)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1441	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1441	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1442	(1)
Nursing Management	1442	(6)
Congenital Heart Disease	1448	(6)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1448	(3)
Clinical Manifestations	1451	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1451	(1)
Nursing Management of the Child Undergoing a Cardiac Catherization	1452	(2)
Congenital Heart Defects that Increase Pulmonary Blood Flow	1454	(6)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1454	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1454	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1455	(1)
Nursing Management Prior to Surgery	1455	(4)
Nursing Management at the Time of Surgery	1459	(1)
Defects Causing Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow and Mixed Defects	1460	(9)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1460	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1461	(2)
Clinical Therapy	1463	(2)
Nursing Management	1465	(4)
Defects Obstructing Systemic Blood Flow	1469	(1)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1469	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1469	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1469	(1)
Nursing Management	1469	(1)
Cardiomyopathy	1469	(2)
Heart Transplantation	1471	(1)
Pulmonary Artery Hypertension	1472	(1)
Acquired Heart Diseases	1472	(1)
Rheumatic Fever	1472	(1)
Nursing Management	1473	(1)
Infective Endocarditis	1473	(1)
Nursing Management	1474	(1)
Kawasaki Disease	1474	(2)
Nursing Management	1475	(1)
Cardiac Arrhythmias	1476	(1)
Supraventricular Tachycardia	1476	(1)
Long QT Syndrome	1476	(1)
Nursing Management	1476	(1)
Dyslipidemia	1477	(1)
Nursing Management	1478	(1)
Hypertension	1478	(1)
Nursing Management	1478	(1)
Injuries of the Cardiovascular System	1479	(5)
Shock	1479	(1)
Hypovolemic Shock	1479	(1)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1480	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1480	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1480	(1)
Nursing Management	1480	(2)
Maldistributive Shock	1482	(1)
Obstructive Shock	1483	(1)
Cardiogenic Shock	1483	(1)
Myocardial Contusion	1484	(5)
The Child with Alterations in Hematologic Function	1489	(27)
Anatomy and Physiology of Pediatric Differences	1490	(2)
Red Blood Cells	1491	(1)
White Blood Cells	1491	(1)
Platelets	1492	(1)
Anemias	1492	(1)
Iron Deficiency Anemia	1492	(1)
Nursing Management	1493	(1)
Normocytic Anemia	1493	(1)
Sickle Cell Anemia	1494	(9)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1494	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1495	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1495	(2)
Nursing Management	1497	(6)
Thalassemias	1503	(1)
Nursing Management	1504	(1)
Aplastic Anemia	1504	(1)
Nursing Management	1505	(1)
Clotting Disorders	1505	(1)
Hemophilia	1505	(2)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1505	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1505	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1505	(1)
Nursing Management	1506	(1)
Von Willebrand Disease	1507	(1)
Nursing Management	1508	(1)
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation	1508	(1)
Nursing Management	1508	(1)
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura	1508	(1)
Nursing Management	1509	(1)
Meningococcemia	1509	(1)
Nursing Management	1509	(1)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)	1509	(7)
The Child with Alterations in Cellular Growth	1516	(53)
Anatomy and Physiology of Pediatric Differences	1517	(1)
Childhood Cancer	1517	(29)
Incidence	1518	(1)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1518	(2)
Clinical Manifestations	1520	(1)
Collaborative Care	1521	(8)
Nursing Management	1529	(17)
Brain Tumors	1546	(3)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1546	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1547	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1547	(1)
Nursing Management	1548	(1)
Neuroblastoma	1549	(3)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1549	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1550	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1550	(1)
Nursing Management	1551	(1)
Wilms' Tumor (Nephroblastoma)	1552	(1)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1552	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1552	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1552	(1)
Nursing Management	1553	(1)
Bone Tumors	1553	(3)
Osteosarcoma	1553	(1)
Ewing's Sarcoma	1554	(1)
Nursing Management	1554	(2)
Leukemia	1556	(3)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1556	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1556	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1557	(1)
Nursing Management	1558	(1)
Soft-Tissue Tumors	1559	(10)
Hodgkin Disease	1559	(2)
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma	1561	(1)
Rhabdomyosarcoma	1561	(1)
Retinoblastoma	1562	(1)
Nursing Management	1563	(6)
The Child with Alterations in Gastrointestinal Function	1569	(59)
Anatomy and Physiology of Pediatric Differences	1570	(1)
Structural Defects	1571	(1)
Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate	1571	(8)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1571	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1571	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1572	(1)
Nursing Management	1572	(7)
Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula	1579	(3)
Nursing Management	1580	(2)
Pyloric Stenosis	1582	(2)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1582	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1582	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1582	(1)
Nursing Management	1582	(2)
Gastroesophageal Reflux	1584	(3)
Nursing Management	1586	(1)
Omphalocele and Gastroschisis	1587	(1)
Nursing Management	1588	(1)
Intussusception	1588	(1)
Nursing Management	1589	(1)
Hirschsprung Disease	1589	(1)
Nursing Management	1589	(1)
Anorectal Malformations	1590	(1)
Nursing Management	1590	(1)
Hernias	1591	(1)
Diaphragmatic Hernia	1591	(1)
Nursing Management	1591	(1)
Umbilical Hernia	1591	(1)
Nursing Management	1592	(1)
Ostomies	1592	(1)
Preoperative Care	1593	(1)
Postoperative Care	1593	(1)
Inflammatory Disorders	1593	(1)
Appendicitis	1593	(2)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1593	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1594	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1594	(1)
Nursing Management	1594	(1)
Necrotizing Enterocolitis	1595	(2)
Nursing Management	1596	(1)
Meckel's Diverticulum	1597	(1)
Nursing Management	1597	(1)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease	1597	(2)
Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis	1597	(2)
Nursing Management	1599	(1)
Peptic Ulcer	1599	(2)
Nursing Management	1600	(1)
Disorders of Motility	1601	(1)
Gastroenteritis (Acute Diarrhea)	1601	(2)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1601	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1601	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1601	(1)
Nursing Management	1602	(1)
Constipation	1603	(3)
Nursing Management	1606	(1)
Intestinal Parasitic Disorders	1606	(1)
Feeding Disorders	1606	(3)
Colic	1609	(1)
Nursing Management	1609	(1)
Rumination	1609	(1)
Nursing Management	1610	(1)
Disorders of Malabsorption	1610	(1)
Celiac Disease	1610	(1)
Nursing Management	1610	(1)
Lactose Intolerance	1611	(1)
Nursing Management	1611	(1)
Short Bowel Syndrome	1611	(1)
Nursing Management	1612	(1)
Hepatic Disorders	1612	(1)
Biliary Atresia	1612	(1)
Nursing Management	1613	(1)
Viral Hepatitis	1613	(4)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1613	(2)
Clinical Manifestations	1615	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1616	(1)
Nursing Management	1616	(1)
Cirrhosis	1617	(1)
Nursing Management	1618	(1)
Injuries to the Gastrointestinal System	1618	(1)
Abdominal Trauma	1618	(1)
Nursing Management	1619	(1)
Poisoning	1619	(2)
Nursing Management	1621	(1)
Ingestion of Foreign Objects	1621	(1)
Nursing Management	1622	(1)
Lead Poisoning	1622	(6)
Nursing Management	1623	(5)
The Child with Alterations in Genitourinary Function	1628	(40)
Anatomy and Physiology of Pediatric Differences	1629	(1)
Urinary System	1629	(1)
Reproductive System	1630	(1)
Structural Defects of the Urinary System	1630	(1)
Bladder Exstrophy	1630	(1)
Nursing Management	1631	(1)
Hypospadias and Epispadias	1631	(1)
Nursing Management	1632	(1)
Obstructive Uropathy	1632	(3)
Nursing Management	1633	(2)
Urinary Tract Infection	1635	(2)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1635	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1635	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1636	(1)
Nursing Management	1636	(1)
Enuresis	1637	(2)
Nursing Management	1639	(1)
Renal Disorders	1639	(1)
Nephrotic Syndrome	1639	(4)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1640	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1640	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1640	(2)
Nursing Management	1642	(1)
Renal Failure	1643	(1)
Acute Renal Failure	1643	(6)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1643	(2)
Clinical Manifestations	1645	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1646	(1)
Nursing Management	1646	(3)
Chronic Renal Failure	1649	(3)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1649	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1649	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1649	(1)
Nursing Management	1650	(2)
Renal Replacement Therapy	1652	(3)
Peritoneal Dialysis	1655	(1)
Hemodialysis	1655	(3)
Kidney Transplantation	1658	(1)
Polycystic Kidney Disease	1659	(1)
Nursing Management	1660	(1)
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome	1660	(1)
Nursing Management	1660	(1)
Acute Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis	1660	(2)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1661	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1661	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1661	(1)
Nursing Management	1661	(1)
Structural Defects of the Reproductive System	1662	(1)
Phimosis	1662	(1)
Cryptorchidism	1662	(1)
Nursing Management	1663	(1)
Inguinal Hernia and Hydrocele	1663	(1)
Testicular Torsion	1664	(4)
The Child with Alterations in Neurologic Function	1668	(57)
Anatomy and Physiology of Pediatric Differences	1669	(1)
Altered States of Consciousness	1670	(4)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1670	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1670	(1)
Nursing Management	1671	(3)
Seizure Disorders	1674	(8)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1674	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1675	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1675	(3)
Nursing Management	1678	(4)
Infectious Diseases	1682	(1)
Bacterial Meningitis	1682	(6)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1682	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1682	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1682	(2)
Nursing Management	1684	(4)
Viral (Aseptic) Meningitis	1688	(1)
Nursing Management	1688	(1)
Encephalitis	1688	(1)
Nursing Management	1689	(1)
Reye Syndrome	1689	(1)
Nursing Management	1690	(1)
Guillain-Barre Syndrome (Postinfectious Polyneuritis)	1690	(1)
Nursing Management	1690	(1)
Headaches	1691	(2)
Clinical Therapy	1691	(2)
Nursing Management	1693	(1)
Structural Defects	1693	(1)
Microcephaly	1693	(1)
Hydrocephalus	1693	(4)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1693	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1694	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1694	(2)
Nursing Management	1696	(1)
Neural Tube Defects	1697	(1)
Myelodysplasia or Spina Bifida	1697	(3)
Nursing Management	1699	(1)
Craniosynostosis	1700	(2)
Cerebral Palsy	1702	(6)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1702	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1702	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1702	(2)
Nursing Management	1704	(4)
Injuries of the Neurologic System	1708	(1)
Traumatic Brain Injury	1708	(4)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1708	(1)
Clinical Manifestations	1708	(1)
Clinical Therapy	1709	(2)
Nursing Management	1711	(1)
Specific Head Injuries	1712	(3)
Scalp Injuries	1712	(1)
Concussion	1713	(1)
Skull Fractures	1713	(1)
Cerebral Contusion	1713	(1)
Intracranial Hematomas	1714	(1)
Penetrating Injuries	1714	(1)
Spinal Cord Injury	1715	(3)
Nursing Management	1717	(1)
Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury (Drowning and Near-Drowning)	1718	(7)
Nursing Management	1719	(6)
The Child with Alterations in Cognitive and Mental Health Function	1725	(36)
Mental Health Alterations of Childrenand Adolescents	1726	(5)
Treatment Modes	1727	(1)
Therapeutic Strategies	1728	(2)
Nursing Management	1730	(1)
Developmental and Behavioral Disorders	1731	(1)
Pervasive Developmental Disorders	1731	(4)
Etiology and Pathophysiology	1732	(1)