Medical Microbiology

by Mims, Cedric A.

• ISBN13: 9780723432593
• ISBN10: 0723432597
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780723427810
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-02-01
• Publisher: Elsevier Science Health Science div
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

The latest edition of this internationally popular textbook has been substantially updated and improved to keep it at the forefront of clinical microbiology. Its systems-based approach emphasizes the microbiology of the agents responsible for the diseases that affect individual areas of the body. Over 250 full-color diagrams clarify complicated concepts-paired with color clinical photographs that demonstrate the clinical relevance of the science. Pairs full-color diagrams with color clinical photographs to provide a rich understanding of the clinical relevance of the material. Provides "key facts" summary boxes as well as case-based review questions and answers to facilitate study. Features an exceptionally reader-friendly writing style that makes complex information easy to understand. Presents expanded discussions of parasitic microbes and immunology. Delivers state-of-the-art explanations of the diagnosis of infection · antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · vaccination · and immunotherapy and hospital infection. Offers new "Microbiology Lesson" boxes that highlight scientific discoveries and tell the history of major disease outbreaks.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Acknowledgments	x
Contributors	x
A Contemporary approach to microbiology
Microbes and parasites	1	(1)
The context for contemporary medical microbiology	1	(1)
Microbiology past, present and future	2	(2)
The approach adopted in this book	4	(3)
SECTION 1 THE ADVERSARIES: MICROBES
Microbes as parasites
The varieties of microbes	7	(1)
Living inside or outside cells	8	(1)
Systems of classification	9	(2)
The bacteria
Structure	11	(2)
Nutrition	13	(1)
Growth and division	13	(1)
Gene expression	14	(3)
Extrachromosomal elements	17	(2)
Mutation and gene transfer	19	(5)
Survival under adverse conditions	24	(1)
The genomics of medically important bacteria	24	(5)
The viruses
Infection of host cells	29	(2)
Replication	31	(2)
Outcome of viral infection	33	(2)
Major groups of viruses	35	(4)
The fungi
Major groups of disease-causing fungi	39	(4)
The protozoa	43	(524)
The helminths and arthropods
The helminths	47	(2)
The arthropods	49	(4)
Prions
`Rogue Protein' pathogenesis	53	(1)
Development and transmission of prion diseases	54	(1)
Medical problems posed by prion disease	54	(3)
The host-parasite relationship
The normal flora	57	(3)
Symbiotic associations	60	(2)
The characteristics of parasitism	62	(1)
The evolution of parasitism	63	(9)
SECTION 2 THE ADVERSARIES: HOST DEFENSES
The innate defenses of the body
Defense against entry into the body	72	(1)
Defenses once the microorganism penetrates the body	72	(15)
Adaptive responses provide a `quantum leap' in effective defense
The role of antibodies	87	(2)
The role of T lymphocytes	89	(4)
Extracellular attack on large infectious agents	93	(1)
Local defenses at mucosal surfaces	94	(6)
The cellular basis of adaptive immune responses
B and T cell receptors	100	(2)
Clonal expansion of lymphocytes	102	(1)
The role of memory cells	103	(1)
Stimulation of lymphocytes	104	(1)
Cytokines	104	(2)
Regulatory mechanisms	106	(1)
Tolerance mechanisms	106	(11)
SECTION 3 THE CONFLICTS
Background to the infectious diseases
Host-parasite relationships	117	(1)
Causes of infectious diseases	118	(2)
The biologic response gradient	120	(3)
Entry, exit and transmission
Sites of entry	123	(7)
Exit and transmission	130	(2)
Types of transmission between humans	132	(5)
Transmission from animals	137	(6)
Immune defenses in action
Compliment	143	(1)
Acute phase proteins and pattern recognition receptors	144	(1)
Fever	144	(1)
Natural killer cells	144	(1)
Phagocytosis	145	(2)
Cytokines	147	(1)
Antibody-mediated immunity	148	(3)
Cell-mediated immunity	151	(3)
Recovery from infection	154	(3)
Spread and replication
Features of surface and systemic infections	157	(2)
Mechanisms of spread through the body	159	(3)
Genetic determinants of spread and replication	162	(1)
Other factors affecting spread and replication	163	(4)
Parasite survival strategies and persistent infections
Parasite survival strategies	167	(2)
Concealment of antigens	169	(3)
Antigenic variation	172	(1)
Immunosuppression	173	(3)
Persistent infections	176	(8)
Pathologic consequences of infection
Pathology caused directly by the microorganism	184	(3)
Pathologic activation of natural immune mechanisms	187	(2)
Pathologic consequences of the immune response	189	(4)
Skin rashes	193	(1)
Viruses and cancer	194	(5)
SECTION 4 CLINICAL MANIFESTATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIONS BY BODY SYSTEM
Introduction to Section 4: The Clinical Manifestations of Infection	199	(2)
Upper respiratory tract infections
The common cold	201	(1)
Pharyngitis and tonsillitis	202	(8)
Parotitis	210	(1)
Otitis and sinusitis	211	(2)
Acute epiglottitis	213	(1)
Oral cavity infections	213	(1)
Laryngitis and tracheitis	214	(1)
Diphtheria	214	(3)
Lower respiratory tract infections
Acute infections	217	(15)
Chronic infections	232	(5)
Parasitic infections	237	(4)
Urinary tract infections
Acquisition and etiology	241	(1)
Pathogenesis	242	(2)
Clinical features and complications	244	(1)
Laboratory diagnosis	245	(2)
Treatment	247	(1)
Prevention	248	(3)
Sexually transmitted diseases
STDs and sexual behavior	251	(1)
Syphilis	251	(5)
Gonorrhea	256	(2)
Chlamydial infection	258	(3)
Other causes of inguinal lymphadenopathy	261	(1)
Mycoplasmas and non-gonococcal urehritis	262	(1)
Other causes of vaginitis and urehritis	262	(1)
Genital herpes	263	(1)
Human papillomavirus infection	264	(1)
Human immunodeficiency virus	264	(9)
Opportunistic STDs	273	(2)
Arthropod infestations	275	(2)
Gastrointestinal tract infections
Diarrheal diseases caused by bacterial or viral infection	277	(15)
Food poisoning	292	(1)
Helicobacter pylori and gastric ulcer disease	293	(1)
Parasites and the gastrointestinal tract	293	(7)
Systemic infection initiated in the gastrointestinal tract	300	(13)
Obstetric and perinatal infections
Infections occurring in pregnancy	313	(1)
Congenital infections	313	(5)
Infections occurring around the time of birth	318	(5)
Central nervous system infections
Invasion of the central nervous system	323	(1)
The body's response to invasion	324	(1)
Meningitis	325	(6)
Encyphalitis	331	(6)
Neurologic diseases of possible viral etiology	337	(1)
Spongiform encephalopathy caused by scrapie-type agents	337	(1)
CNS disease caused by parasites	338	(1)
Brain abscesses	339	(1)
Tetanus and botulism	339	(4)
Infections of the eye
Conjunctivitis	343	(2)
Infection of the deeper layers of the eye	345	(5)
Infections of the skin, soft tissue, muscle and associated systems
Bacterial infections of skin, soft issue and muscle	350	(7)
Mycobacterial diseases of the skin	357	(2)
Fungal infections of the skin	359
Parasitic infections of the skin	264	(102)
Mucocutaneous lesions caused by viruses	366	(7)
Smallpox	373	(1)
Measles	374	(1)
Rubella	375	(1)
Other infections producing skin lesions	376	(1)
Kawasaki syndrome	377	(1)
Viral infections of muscle	377	(1)
Parasitic infections of muscle	377	(1)
Joint and bone infections	378	(2)
Infections of the hemopoietic system	380	(3)
Vector-borne infections
Arboviruses infections	383	(3)
Infections caused by Rickettsiae	386	(3)
Borrelia infections	389	(2)
Protozoal infections	391	(6)
Helminth infections	397	(4)
Multisystem zoonoses
Arenavirus infections	401	(1)
Korean hemorrhagic fever	402	(1)
Marburg and Ebola hemorrhagic fevers	402	(1)
Q fever	403	(1)
Antharx	404	(1)
Plague	405	(2)
Yersinia enterocolitica infection	407	(1)
Tularemia	407	(1)
Pasteurella multocida infection	407	(1)
Leptospirosis	407	(1)
Rat bite fever	408	(1)
Brucellosis	409	(1)
Helminth infections	410	(3)
Fever of unknown origin
Definitions of fever of unknown origin	413	(1)
Causes of FUO	413	(1)
Investigation of classical FUO	414	(1)
Treatment of FUO	415	(1)
FUO in specific patient groups	415	(1)
Infective endocarditis	416	(7)
Infections in the compromised host
The compromised host	423	(3)
Infections of the host with deficient innate immunity due to physical factors	426	(3)
Infections associated with secondary adaptive immunodeficiency	429	(2)
Other important opportunist pathogens	431	(10)
SECTION 5 DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL
Strategies for control: an introduction
Epidemiologic considerations	441	(6)
Detection and diagnosis	447	(1)
Chemotherapy versus vaccination	447	(3)
Control versus eradication	450	(3)
Diagnosis of infection and assessment of host defense mechanisms
Aims of the clinical microbiology laboratory	453	(1)
Specimen processing	453	(2)
Non-cultural techniques for the laboratory diagnosis of infection	455	(7)
Cultivation (culture) of microorganisms	462	(2)
Identification of microorganisms grown in culture	464	(2)
Antibody detection methods for the diagnosis of infection	466	(2)
Assessment of host defense systems	468	(3)
Protocols for specimen processing	471	(2)
Attacking the enemy: entimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Selective toxicity	473	(1)
Discovery and design of antibacterial agents	473	(1)
Classification of antibacterial agents	474	(3)
Resistance to antibacterial agents	477	(1)
Classes of antifacterial agents	477	(1)
Inhibtors of cell wall synthesis	478	(7)
Inhibitors of protein synthesis	485	(7)
Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis	492	(2)
Antimetabolites affecting nucleic acid synthesis	494	(2)
Other agents that affect DNA	496	(1)
Inhibitors of cytoplastic membrane function	496	(1)
Urinary tract antiseptics	496	(1)
Antitubuerculous agents	496	(1)
Antibacterial agents in practice	497	(2)
Antibiotic assays	499	(1)
Antiviral therapy	499	(5)
Antifungal agents	504	(1)
Antiparasitic agents	505	(2)
Use and misuse of antimicrobial agents	507	(6)
Vaccination
The aims of vaccination	513	(1)
Requirements of a good vaccine	514	(2)
Types of vaccine	516	(4)
Special considerations	520	(4)
Community-based control by vaccination	524	(3)
Factors influencing the success of vaccination	527	(1)
Current vaccine practice	528	(11)
Passive and non-specific immunotherapy
Passive immunization with antibody	539	(3)
Non-specific cellular mmunostimulation	542	(1)
Correction of host immunodeficiency	543	(3)
Hospital infection, sterilization and disinfection
Common hospital-acquired infections	546	(1)
Important causes of hospital infection	546	(2)
Sources and routes of spread of hospital infection	548	(1)
Host factors and hospital infection	549	(2)
Consequences of hospital infection	551	(1)
Prevention of hospital infection	551	(4)
Investigating hospital infection	555	(1)
Sterilization and disinfection	556	(11)
Appendix - Pathogen parade	567	(64)
Answers	631	(9)
Index	640