Medical-Surgical Nursing: Critical Thinking for Collaborative Care (2-Volume Set)

by Ignatavicius, Donna D.

• ISBN13: 9780721687636
• ISBN10: 0721687636
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-09-01
• Publisher: SAUNDERS W B CO

Summary

This innovative medical-surgical resource features a unique collaborative approach that helps readers understand the multidisciplinary nature of medical-surgical care by presenting all medical, surgical, nursing, and other interventions through the framework of the nursing process. In addition to comprehensive med-surg coverage, this book incorporates cutting-edge content in areas such as emergency and mass casualty nursing and genetics. Also features extensive NCLEX examination preparation materials, including Get Ready for the NCLEX Examination features.

Table of Contents

UNIT 1 Health Promotion and Illness
Critical Thinking in the Role of the Medical-Surgical Nurse	1	(17)
Donna D. Ignatavicius
Health	3	(2)
Health Promotion and Protection	5	(2)
Role of the Medical-Surgical Nurse	7	(3)
The Concept of Caring	10	(1)
Practice Settings for Medical-Surgical Nurses	10	(1)
Overview of the Nursing Process	11	(7)
Community-Based Care	18	(8)
Deborah H. Heatherly
Donna D. Ignatavicius
Ambulatory Care	18	(1)
Home Care	19	(4)
Nursing Home Care	23	(2)
Subacute Care	25	(1)
Rehabilitative Care	25	(1)
Introduction to Managed Care and Case Management	26	(4)
Donna D. Ignatavicius
Managed Care	26	(1)
Collaborative Interdisciplinary Management	27	(3)
Introduction to Complementary and Alternative Therapies	30	(6)
Donna D. Ignatavicius
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine	30	(1)
Commonly Used Complementary and Alternative Therapies	30	(4)
Implications for Health Care Providers	34	(2)
Health Care of Older Adults	36	(15)
Donna D. Ignatavicius
Subgroups of Late Adulthood	36	(1)
Distribution of Older Adults in the Health Care System	36	(1)
Admission of the Older Adult to a Hospital or Nursing Home	36	(1)
Health Issues for Older Adults	37	(8)
Economic Issues for Older Adults	45	(1)
Resources for Older Adults	46	(1)
The Future of Gerontologic Nursing	47	(4)
UNIT 2 Biopsychosocial Concepts Related to Health Care
Cultural Aspects of Health	51	(10)
Marjorie G. Morgan
The Need for Cultural Considerations of Health	51	(1)
Healthy People 2010	51	(1)
Culture and Nursing	51	(1)
Assessing and Managing the Cultural Needs of Clients	52	(2)
Research Applications	54	(1)
Special Considerations for Selected Subcultures	55	(1)
Selected Concepts Related to Culturally Sensitive Nursing	56	(2)
Ethics	58	(3)
Pain: The Fifth Vital Sign	61	(34)
Erin M. McMenamin
Anne Keane
Rosemary C. Polomano
Overview	61	(8)
Collaborative Management	69	(21)
Pain as a Quality Improvement Outcome	90	(1)
Costs of Pain Care	91	(4)
Substance Abuse	95	(11)
Tommie Wright Pniewski
Donna D. Ignatavicius
Overview	95	(2)
Stimulants	97	(2)
Hallucinogens and Related Compounds	99	(2)
Depressants	101	(1)
Narcotics: Opioids and Morphine Derivatives	102	(1)
Inhalants	103	(1)
Steroids	104	(2)
End-of-Life Care	106	(13)
Mary Kazanowski
Overview	106	(1)
Collaborative Management	107	(7)
Death and Dying	114	(5)
Rehabilitation Concepts for Acute and Chronic Problems	119	(20)
Donna D. Ignatavicius
Overview	119	(1)
Concepts Related to Rehabilitation	119	(1)
Rehabilitation as Part of Community-Based Care	120	(1)
Collaborative Management	121	(18)
UNIT 3 Management of Clients with Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance	139	(20)
M. Linda Workman
Homeostasis	139	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology Review	139	(16)
Physiologic Influences on Fluid and Electrolyte Balance	139	(8)
Hormonal Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance	147	(1)
Body Fluids	148	(2)
Electrolytes	150	(4)
Fluid and Electrolyte Changes Associated with Aging	154	(1)
Assessment Techniques	155	(4)
History	155	(1)
Physical Assessment	156	(1)
Psychosocial Assessment	157	(1)
Diagnostic Assessment	157	(2)
Interventions for Clients with Fluid Imbalances	159	(14)
M. Linda Workman
Dehydration	159	(9)
Heat Stroke	168	(1)
Overhydration	169	(4)
Interventions for Clients with Electrolyte Imbalances	173	(22)
M. Linda Workman
Potassium Imbalances	173	(8)
Hypokalemia	173	(5)
Hyperkalemia	178	(3)
Sodium Imbalances	181	(3)
Hyponatremia	181	(2)
Hypernatremia	183	(1)
Calcium Imbalances	184	(5)
Hypocalcemia	184	(4)
Hypercalcemia	188	(1)
Phosphorus Imbalances	189	(2)
Hypophosphatemia	189	(2)
Hyperphosphatemia	191	(1)
Magnesium Imbalances	191	(4)
Hypomagnesemia	191	(1)
Hypermagnesemia	192	(3)
Infusion Therapy	195	(19)
Robin L. Baranowski
Introduction to Infusion Therapy	195	(1)
Infusion Systems	196	(2)
Containers	196	(1)
Administration Sets	196	(1)
Needleless Systems	196	(1)
Infusion Regulation Devices	196	(2)
Types of Infusion Therapy	198	(16)
Intravenous Therapy	198	(6)
Arterial Therapy	204	(5)
Intraperitoneal Therapy	209	(1)
Subcutaneous Therapy	210	(1)
Centeral Nervous System Therapy	210	(2)
Intraosseous Therapy	212	(2)
Acid-Base Balance	214	(9)
M. Linda Workman
Introduction to Acid-Base Balance	214	(7)
Acid-Base Chemistry	214	(2)
Body Fluid Chemistry	216	(2)
Acid-Base Regulatory Mechanisms	218	(3)
Age-Related Changes in Acid-Base Balance	221	(1)
Assessment of Acid-Base Balance	221	(2)
History	221	(1)
Physical Assessment	221	(1)
Diagnostic Assessment	222	(1)
Interventions for Clients with Acid-Base Imbalances	223	(14)
M. Linda Workman
Acidosis	223	(6)
Metabolic Acidosis	224	(1)
Respiratory Acidosis	225	(1)
Combined Metabolic and Respiratory Acidosis	226	(3)
Alkalosis	229	(8)
Metabolic Alkalosis	230	(1)
Respiratory Alkalosis	230	(7)
UNIT 4 Management of Perioperative Clients
Interventions for Preoperative Clients	237	(23)
Rebecca M. Patton
Overview	237	(2)
Categories and Purposes of Surgery	237	(1)
Surgical Settings	237	(2)
Collaborative Management	239	(21)
Interventions for Intraoperative Clients	260	(25)
Rebecca M. Patton
Overview	260	(17)
Members of the Surgical Team	260	(4)
Preparation of the Surgical Suite and Team Safety	264	(2)
Anesthesia	266	(11)
Collaborative Management	277	(8)
Interventions for Postoperative Clients	285	(22)
Rebecca M. Patton
Overview	285	(1)
Collaborative Management	285	(22)
UNIT 5 Problems of Protection
Management of Clients with Problems of the Immune System
Concepts of Inflammation and the Immune Response	307	(21)
M. Linda Workman
Overview	307	(2)
Purpose of Inflammation and Immunity	307	(1)
Self Versus Non-Self	307	(2)
Organization of the Immune System	309	(1)
Inflammation	309	(7)
Purpose	310	(1)
Infection	311	(1)
Cell Types Involved in Inflammation	311	(3)
Phagocytosis	314	(1)
Sequence of Inflammatory Responses	315	(1)
Antibody-Mediated Immunity	316	(5)
Purpose	316	(1)
Cell Types Involved in Antibody-Mediated Immunity	316	(1)
Antigen-Antibody Interactions	316	(4)
General Antibody Classification	320	(1)
Acquiring Antibody-Mediated Immunity	320	(1)
Cell-Mediated Immunity	321	(7)
Cell Types Involved in Cell-Mediated Immunity	321	(1)
Cytokines	322	(1)
Protection Provided by Cell-Mediated Immunity	322	(1)
Transplant Rejection	323	(5)
Interventions for Clients with Connective Tissue Disease	328	(36)
Donna D. Ignatavicius
Degenerative Joint Disease (Osteoarthritis)	328	(15)
Rheumatoid Arthritis	343	(9)
Lupus Erythematosus	352	(4)
Progressive Systemic Sclerosis	356	(1)
Gout	357	(2)
Other Connective Tissue Diseases	359	(5)
Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis	359	(1)
Systemic Necrotizing Vasculitis	359	(1)
Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Temporal Arteritis	359	(1)
Ankylosing Spondylitis	360	(1)
Reiter's Syndrome	360	(1)
Sjogren's Syndrome	360	(1)
Marfan Syndrome	360	(1)
Infectious Arthritis	361	(1)
Lyme Disease	361	(1)
Pseudogout	361	(1)
Disease-Associated Arthritis	361	(1)
Fibromyalgia	361	(1)
Local Inflammatory Disorders	362	(1)
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease	362	(2)
Interventions for Clients with HIV/AIDS and Other Immunodeficiencies	364	(28)
Lucille Sanzero Eller
Acquired (Secondary) Immunodeficiencies	364	(1)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome	364	(22)
Nutrition-Related Deficiencies	386	(1)
Protein-Calorie Malnutrition	387	(1)
Obesity	387	(1)
Therapy-Induced Immunodeficiencies	387	(2)
Congenital (Primary) Immunodeficiencies	389	(1)
Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia	389	(1)
Common Variable Immunodeficiency	389	(1)
Selective Immunoglobulin A Deficiency	389	(3)
Interventions for Clients with Immune Function Excess: Hypersensitivity (Allergy) and Autoimmunity	392	(15)
M. Linda Workman
Hypersensitivity (Allergy)	392	(1)
Type I: Rapid Hypersensitivity Reactions	392	(9)
Allergic Rhinitis	393	(5)
Anaphylaxis	398	(2)
Latex Allergy	400	(1)
Type II: Cytotoxic Reactions	401	(1)
Type III: Immune Complex Reactions	401	(1)
Type IV: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions	402	(1)
Type V: Stimulatory Reactions	403	(1)
Autoimmunity	403	(1)
Sjogren's Syndrome	404	(1)
Goodpasture's Syndrome	405	(2)
Altered Cell Growth and Cancer Development	407	(16)
M. Linda Workman
Historical Perspective	407	(1)
Overview	407	(5)
Biology of Normal Cells	408	(3)
Biology of Abnormal Cells	411	(1)
Cancer Development	412	(8)
Carcinogenesis/Oncogenesis	412	(2)
Cancer Classification	414	(1)
Cancer Grade and Stage	414	(2)
Causes of Cancer Development	416	(4)
Cancer Prevention	420	(3)
Avoidance of Known or Potential Carcinogens	420	(1)
Avoidance or Modification of Associated Factors	421	(1)
Chemoprevention	421	(1)
Gene Alteration as a Potential Form of Cancer Prevention	421	(2)
Interventions for Clients with Cancer	423	(22)
M. Linda Workman
General Disease-Related Consequences of Cancer	423	(1)
Impaired Immune and Hematopoietic Function	423	(1)
Altered Gastrointestinal Structure and Function	424	(1)
Motor and Sensory Deficits	424	(1)
Decreased Respiratory Function	424	(1)
Treatment-Related Consequences of Cancer	424	(16)
Surgery	425	(2)
Radiation	427	(3)
Chemotherapy	430	(8)
Hormonal Manipulation	438	(1)
Immunotherapy: Biologic Response Modifiers	439	(1)
Gene Therapy	440	(1)
Oncologic Emergencies	440	(3)
Sepsis and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation	440	(1)
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone	441	(1)
Spinal Cord Compression	441	(1)
Hypercalcemia	441	(1)
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome	442	(1)
Tumor Lysis Syndrome	442	(1)
Cancer Treatment Failure	443	(2)
Interventions for Clients with Infection	445	(22)
Judith P. Sturgis
Overview	445	(11)
Definitions	445	(1)
Chain of Infection	446	(4)
Defense Against Infection	450	(1)
Methods of Infection Control	451	(4)
Occupational Exposure to Sources of Infection	455	(1)
Complications of Infection	455	(1)
Collaborative Management	456	(4)
Critical Issues for the Next Decade	460	(7)
UNIT 6 Problems of Oxygenation
Management of Clients with Problems of the Respiratory Tract
Assessment of the Respiratory System	467	(22)
M. Linda Workman
Anatomy and Physiology Review	467	(4)
Upper Respiratory Tract	467	(3)
Lower Respiratory Tract	470	(1)
Accessory Muscles of Respiration	471	(1)
Respiratory Changes Associated with Aging	471	(1)
Assessment Techniques	471	(18)
History	471	(4)
Physical Assessment	475	(5)
Psychosocial Assessment	480	(1)
Diagnostic Assessment	480	(9)
Interventions for Clients Requiring Oxygen Therapy or Tracheostomy	489	(19)
M. Linda Workman
Oxygen Therapy	489	(8)
Tracheostomy	497	(11)
Interventions for Clients with Noninfectious Upper Respiratory Problems	508	(21)
M. Linda Workman
Noninfectious Disorders of the Nose and Sinuses	508	(4)
Fracture of the Nose	508	(1)
Epistaxis	509	(1)
Nasal Polyps	510	(1)
Cancer of the Nose and Sinuses	510	(1)
Facial Trauma	510	(2)
Noninfectious Disorders of the Oral Pharynx and Tonsils	512	(1)
Obstructive Sleep Apnea	512	(1)
Oropharyngeal Cancer	513	(1)
Noninfectious Disorders of the Larynx	513	(1)
Vocal Cord Paralysis	513	(1)
Nodules and Polyps of the Vocal Cords	513	(1)
Laryngeal Trauma	514	(1)
Other Upper Airway Disorders	514	(15)
Upper Airway Obstruction	514	(2)
Neck Trauma	516	(1)
Head and Neck Cancer	516	(13)
Interventions for Clients with Noninfectious Lower Respiratory Problems	529	(42)
M. Linda Workman
Chronic Airflow Limitation	529	(22)
Asthma	529	(9)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	538	(13)
Cystic Fibrosis	551	(4)
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension	555	(1)
Interstitial Pulmonary Diseases	555	(2)
Sarcoidosis	556	(1)
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis	556	(1)
Occupational Pulmonary Disease	557	(1)
Lung Cancer	558	(13)
Interventions for Clients with Infectious Respiratory Problems	571	(20)
M. Linda Workman
Disorder of the Nose and Sinuses	571	(2)
Rhinitis	571	(1)
Sinusitis	572	(1)
Disorders of the Oral Pharynx and Tonsils	573	(3)
Pharyngitis	573	(2)
Tonsillitis	575	(1)
Peritonsillar Abscess	576	(1)
Disorders of the Larynx and Lungs	576	(15)
Laryngitis	576	(1)
Influenza	576	(1)
Pneumonia	577	(7)
Pulmonary Tuberculosis	584	(5)
Lung Abscess	589	(1)
Pulmonary Empyema	589	(2)
Interventions for Critically III Clients with Respiratory Problems	591	(28)
Kathleen Ellstrom
Pulmonary Embolism	591	(7)
Acute Respiratory Failure	598	(1)
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome	599	(2)
The Client Requiring Intubation and Ventilation	601	(10)
Chest Trauma	611	(8)
Pulmonary Contusion	612	(1)
Rib Fracture	612	(1)
Flail Chest	612	(1)
Pneumothorax	613	(1)
Tension Pneumothorax	613	(1)
Hemothorax	613	(1)
Tracheobronchial Trauma	614	(5)
UNIT 7 Problems of Cardiac Output and Tissue Perfusion
Management of Clients with Problems of the Cardiovascular System
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System	619	(35)
Kathleen Ouimet Perrin
Anatomy and Physiology Review	619	(8)
Heart	619	(6)
Vascular System	625	(2)
Assessment Techniques	627	(27)
History	627	(5)
Physical Assessment	632	(6)
Psychosocial Assessment	638	(1)
Diagnostic Assessment	639	(15)
Interventions for Clients with Dysrhythmias	654	(44)
Marcia Chorba
Review of Cardiac Electrophysiology	654	(1)
Electrophysiologic Properties	654	(1)
Action Potential	655	(1)
Cardiac Conduction System	655	(1)
Sinoatrial Node	655	(1)
Atrioventricular Junctional Area	655	(1)
Bundle Branch System	655	(1)
Electrocardiography	656	(6)
Lead Systems	656	(1)
Continuous Electrocardiographic Monitoring	657	(1)
Electrocardiographic Paper	658	(1)
Electrocardiographic Complexes, Segments, and Intervals	658	(2)
Determination of Heart Rate	660	(1)
Electrocardiographic Rhythm Analysis	661	(1)
Normal Rhythms	662	(1)
Normal Sinus Rhythm	662	(1)
Sinus Arrhythmia	662	(1)
Dysrhythmias	662	(36)
Interventions for Clients with Cardiac Problems	698	(30)
Kathleen Ouimet Perrin
Heart Failure	698	(14)
Valvular Heart Disease	712	(6)
Inflammations and Infections	718	(4)
Infective Endocarditis	718	(2)
Pericarditis	720	(2)
Rheumatic Carditis	722	(1)
Cardiomyopathy	722	(6)
Interventions for Clients with Vascular Problems	728	(43)
Dorothy J. Hamilton
Donna D. Ignatavicius
Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis	728	(4)
Hypertension	732	(11)
Peripheral Arterial Disease	743	(13)
Acute Peripheral Arterial Occlusion	755	(1)
Aneurysms	756	(4)
Aneurysms of the Peripheral Arteries	760	(1)
Aortic Dissection	760	(1)
Buerger's Disease	761	(1)
Subclavian Steal	761	(1)
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome	762	(1)
Raynaud's Phenomenon	762	(1)
Popliteal Entrapment	762	(1)
Peripheral Venous Disease	763	(6)
Venous Thrombosis	763	(3)
Venous Insufficiency	766	(2)
Varicose Veins	768	(1)
Phlebitis	769	(1)
Vascular Trauma	769	(2)
Interventions for Clients with Shock	771	(18)
M. Linda Workman
Overview	771	(6)
Collaborative Management: Hypovolemic Shock	777	(6)
Collaborative Management: Sepsis-Induced Distributive Shock (Septic Shock)	783	(6)
Interventions for Critically III Clients with Coronary Artery Disease	789	(30)
Kathleen Ouimet Perrin
Overview	789	(4)
Collaborative Management	793	(26)
UNIT 8 Problems of Tissue Perfusion
Management of Clients with Problems of the Hematologic System
Assessment of the Hematologic System	819	(17)
M. Linda Workman
Anatomy and Physiology Review	819	(8)
Bone Marrow	819	(1)
Blood Components	819	(2)
Accessory Organs of Hematopoiesis	821	(1)
Hemostasis/Blood Clotting	822	(3)
Hematologic Changes Associated with Aging	825	(1)
Anticoagulants and Thrombolytics	826	(1)
Assessment Techniques	827	(9)
History	827	(1)
Physical Assessment	828	(2)
Psychosocial Assessment	830	(1)
Diagnostic Assessment	830	(6)
Interventions for Clients with Hematologic Problems	836	(35)
Susan M. Schneider
Red Blood Cell Disorders	836	(1)
Anemias Resulting from Increased Destruction of Red Blood Cells	837	(5)
Sickle Cell Disease	837	(4)
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Anemia	841	(1)
Immunohemolytic Anemia	842	(1)
Anemias Resulting from Decreased Production of Red Blood Cells	842	(2)
Iron Deficiency Anemia	842	(1)
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia	843	(1)
Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia	844	(1)
Aplastic Anemia	844	(1)
Polycythemia Vera	844	(1)
Polycythemia	844	(1)
White Blood Cell Disorders	845	(1)
Leukemia	845	(13)
Malignant Lymphoma	858	(2)
Hodgkin's Lymphoma	859	(1)
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma	859	(1)
Coagulation Disorders	860	(1)
Platelet Disorders	860	(2)
Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura	860	(1)
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura	861	(1)
Clotting Factor Disorders	862	(1)
Hemophilia	862	(1)
Transfusion Therapy	862	(1)
Pretransfusion Responsibilities	862	(2)
Transfusion Responsibilities	864	(1)
Types of Transfusions	864	(2)
Red Blood Cell Transfusions	864	(1)
Platelet Transfusions	865	(1)
Plasma Transfusions	865	(1)
Cryoprecipitate	865	(1)
Granulocyte Transfusions	865	(1)
Transfusion Reactions	866	(1)
Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions	866	(1)
Allergic Transfusion Reactions	866	(1)
Febrile Transfusion Reactions	866	(1)
Bacterial Transfusion Reactions	866	(1)
Circulatory Overload	866	(1)
Transfusion-Associated Graft-Versus-Host Disease	866	(1)
Autologous Blood Transfusions	867	(4)
UNIT 9 Problems of Mobility, Sensation, and Cognition
Management of Clients with Problems of the Nervous System
Assessment of the Nervous System	871	(26)
Deborah Wright Shpritz
Anatomy and Physiology Review	871	(11)
Nervous System Cells	871	(1)
Central Nervous System	872	(7)
Peripheral Nervous System	879	(2)
Autonomic Nervous System	881	(1)
Neurologic Changes Associated with Aging	881	(1)
Assessment Techniques	882	(15)
History	882	(3)
Physical Assessment	885	(5)
Diagnostic Assessment	890	(7)
Interventions for Clients with Problems of the Central Nervous System: The Brain	897	(28)
Deborah Wright Shpritz
Headaches	897	(3)
Migraine Headache	897	(2)
Cluster Headache	899	(1)
Epilepsy	900	(4)
Infections	904	(5)
Meningitis	904	(3)
Encephalitis	907	(2)
Parkinson's Disease	909	(3)
Alzheimer's Disease	912	(10)
Huntington's Disease	922	(3)
Interventions for Clients with Problems of the Centrla Nervous System: The Spinal Cord	925	(28)
Deborah Wright Shpritz
Back Pain	925	(6)
Spinal Cord Injury	931	(11)
Spinal Cord Tumors	942	(4)
Multiple Sclerosis	946	(5)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	951	(2)
Interventions for Clients with Problems of the Peripheral Nervous System	953	(20)
Deborah Wright Shpritz
Guillain-Barre Syndrome	953	(6)
Myasthenia Gravis	959	(6)
Polyneuritis and Polyneuropathy	965	(1)
Peripheral Nerve Trauma	966	(3)
Restless Legs Syndrome	969	(1)
Diseases of the Cranial Nerves	969	(4)
Trigeminal Neuralgia	969	(2)
Facial Paralysis	971	(2)
Interventions for Critically III Clients with Neurologic Problems	973	(38)
Deborah Wright Shpritz
Stroke	973	(16)
Traumatic Brain Injury	989	(11)
Brain Tumors	1000	(7)
Brain Abscess	1007	(4)
UNIT 10 Problems of Sensation
Management of Clients with Problems of the Sensory System
Assessment of the Eye and Vision	1011	(13)
M. Linda Workman
Anatomy and Physiology Review	1011	(4)
Assessment Techniques	1015	(9)
History	1015	(1)
Physical Assessment	1016	(2)
Psychosocial Assessment	1018	(1)
Diagnostic Assessment	1018	(6)
Interventions for Clients with Eye and Vision Problems	1024	(24)
M. Linda Workman
External Eye Disorders: Eyelid Disorders	1024	(3)
Blepharitis	1024	(1)
Entropion	1024	(1)
Ectropion	1025	(1)
Hordeolum	1025	(1)
Chalazion	1026	(1)
Lacrimal Apparatus Disorders: Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca	1027	(1)
Conjunctival Disorders	1028	(1)
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage	1028	(1)
Conjunctivitis	1029	(1)
Trachoma	1029	(1)
Corneal Disorders	1029	(2)
Intraocular Disorders: Lens Disorders	1031	(7)
Cataract	1031	(4)
Glaucoma	1035	(3)
Ocular Chamber Disorders: Vitreous Hemorrhage	1038	(1)
Uveal Tract Disorders: Uveitis	1038	(1)
Retinal Disorders	1039	(2)
Hypertensive Retinopathy	1039	(1)
Diabetic Retinopathy	1039	(1)
Macular Degeneration	1039	(1)
Retinal Holes, Tears, and Detachments	1040	(1)
Retinitis Pigmentosa	1041	(1)
Refractive Errors	1041	(2)
Traumatic Disorders	1043	(1)
Hyphema	1043	(1)
Contusion	1043	(1)
Foreign Bodies	1043	(1)
Lacerations	1044	(1)
Penetrating Injuries	1044	(1)
Ocular Melanoma	1044	(1)
Blindness	1045	(3)
Assessment of the Ear and Hearing	1048	(13)
Judy Malkiewicz
Anatomy and Physiology Review	1048	(2)
Assessment Techniques	1050	(11)
History	1050	(2)
Physical Assessment	1052	(4)
Psychosocial Assessment	1056	(1)
Diagnostic Assessment	1056	(5)
Interventions for Clients with Ear and Hearing Problems	1061	(20)
Jan Hoot Martin
Conditions Affecting the External Ear	1061	(3)
External Otitis	1061	(1)
Furuncle	1062	(1)
Cerumen or Foreign Bodies	1063	(1)
Conditions Affecting the Middle Ear	1064	(3)
Otitis Media	1064	(2)
Mastoiditis	1066	(1)
Trauma	1067	(1)
Neoplasms	1067	(1)
Conditions Affecting the Inner Ear	1067	(2)
Tinnitus	1067	(1)
Vertigo and Dizziness	1067	(1)
Labyrinthitis	1068	(1)
Meniere's Disease	1068	(1)
Acoustic Neuroma	1069	(1)
Hearing Loss	1069	(12)
UNIT 11 Problems of Mobility
Management of Clients with Problems of the Musculoskeletal System
Assessment of the Musculoskeletal System	1081	(13)
Donna D. Ignatavicius
Anatomy and Physiology Review	1081	(3)
Skeletal System	1081	(2)
Muscular System	1083	(1)
Supporting Structures	1084	(1)
Musculoskeletal Changes Associated with Aging	1084	(1)
Assessment Techniques	1084	(10)
History	1084	(2)
Physical Assessment	1086	(2)
Psychosocial Assessment	1088	(1)
Diagnostic Assessment	1088	(6)
Interventions for Clients with Musculoskeletal Problems	1094	(31)
Donna D. Ignatavicius
Metabolic Bone Diseases	1094	(13)
Osteoporosis	1094	(9)
Osteomalacia	1103	(2)
Paget's Disease of the Bone	1105	(2)
Osteomyelitis	1107	(3)
Bone Tumors	1110	(7)
Benign Bone Tumors	1110	(2)
Malignant Bone Tumors	1112	(5)
Disorders of the Hand	1117	(2)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome	1117	(2)
Dupuytren's Contracture	1119	(1)
Ganglion	1119	(1)
Disorders of the Foot	1119	(2)
Hallux Valgus	1119	(1)
Hammertoe	1120	(1)
Morton's Neuroma	1120	(1)
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome	1120	(1)
Plantar Fasciitis	1120	(1)
Other Problems of the Foot	1121	(1)
Other Disorders of the Skeleton	1121	(1)
Scoliosis	1121	(1)
Osteogenesis Imperfecta	1122	(1)
Muscular Diseases	1122	(3)
Progressive Muscular Dystrophies	1122	(1)
Other Muscular Disorders	1123	(2)
Interventions for Clients with Musculoskeletal Trauma	1125	(34)
Ann Butler Maher
Fractures	1125	(21)
Fractures of Specific Sites	1142	(1)
Upper Extremity Fractures	1142	(1)
Lower Extremity Fractures	1143	(1)
Fractures of the Ribs and Sternum	1144	(1)
Fractures of the Pelvis	1144	(2)
Amputations	1146	(5)
Crush Syndrome	1151	(1)
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome	1152	(1)
Sports-Related Injuries	1152	(7)
Knee Injuries: Meniscus	1152	(1)
Knee Injuries: Ligaments	1153	(1)
Tendon Ruptures	1153	(1)
Dislocations and Subluxations	1153	(1)
Strains	1154	(1)
Sprains	1154	(1)
Rotator Cuff Injuries	1154	(5)
UNIT 12 Problems of Digestion, Nutrition, and Elimination
Management of Clients with Problems of the Gastrointestinal System
Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System	1159	(19)
Constance Visovsky
Anatomy and Physiology Review	1159	(6)
Overview of the Gastrointestinal Tract	1159	(1)
Oral Cavity	1160	(1)
Esophagus	1161	(1)
Stomach	1161	(1)
Pancreas	1162	(1)
Liver	1162	(2)
Gallbladder	1164	(1)
Small Intestine	1164	(1)
Large Intestine	1165	(1)
Assessment Techniques	1165	(13)
History	1165	(2)
Physical Assessment	1167	(2)
Psychosocial Assessment	1169	(1)
Diagnostic Assessment	1170	(8)
Interventions for Clients with Oral Cavity Problems	1178	(14)
Constance Visovsky
Stomatitis	1178	(4)
Tumors	1182	(8)
Disorders of the Salivary Glands	1190	(2)
Acute Sialadenitis	1190	(1)
Postirradiation Sialadenitis	1190	(1)
Salivary Gland Tumors	1190	(2)
Interventions for Clients with Esophageal Problems	1192	(23)
Constance Visovsky
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease	1192	(6)
Hiatal Hernia	1198	(5)
Achalasia	1203	(1)
Esophageal Tumors	1204	(8)
Diverticula	1212	(1)
Trauma	1212	(3)
Interventions for Clients with Stomach Disorders	1215	(25)
Constance Visovsky
Gastritis	1215	(3)
Peptic Ulcer Disease	1218	(16)
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome	1234	(1)
Gastric Carcinoma	1235	(5)
Interventions for Clients with Noninflammatory Intestinal Disorders	1240	(26)
Constance Visovsky
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	1240	(2)
Herniation	1242	(3)
Colorectal Cancer	1245	(8)
Intestinal Obstruction	1253	(7)
Abdominal Trauma	1260	(1)
Polyps	1261	(1)
Hemorrhoids	1262	(1)
Malabsorption Syndrome	1263	(3)
Interventions for Clients with Inflammatory Intestinal Disorders	1266	(32)
Constance Visovsky
Acute Inflammatory Bowel Disorders	1266	(8)
Appendicitis	1266	(2)
Peritonitis	1268	(3)
Gastroenteritis	1271	(3)
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease	1274	(17)
Ulcerative Colitis	1274	(9)
Crohn's Disease	1283	(5)
Diverticular Disease	1288	(3)
Anorectal Abscess	1291	(1)
Anal Fissure	1291	(1)
Anal Fistula	1292	(1)
Parasitic Infection	1292	(2)
Helminthic Infestation	1294	(1)
Roundworms	1294	(1)
Enterobiasis	1294	(1)
Trichinosis	1294	(1)
Hookworms	1294	(1)
Tapeworms	1295	(1)
Food Poisoning	1295	(3)
Salmonellosis	1295	(1)
Staphylococcal Infection	1295	(1)
Escherichia coli Infection	1296	(1)
Botulism	1296	(2)
Interventions for Clients with Liver Problems	1298	(29)
Janice Tazbir
Cirrhosis	1298	(15)
Hepatitis	1313	(9)
Fatty Liver	1322	(1)
Hepatic Abscess	1322	(1)
Liver Trauma	1322	(1)
Cancer of the Liver	1323	(1)
Liver Transplantation	1324	(3)
Interventions for Clients with Problems of the Gallbladder and Pancreas	1327	(29)
E. Jean Hayes
Biliary Disorders	1327	(11)
Cholecystitis	1327	(6)
Cholelithiasis	1333	(4)
Cancer of the Gallbladder	1337	(1)
Pancreatic Disorders	1338	(18)
Acute Pancreatitis	1338	(7)
Chronic Pancreatitis	1345	(3)
Pancreatic Abscess	1348	(1)
Pancreatic Pseudocyst	1349	(1)
Pancreatic Carcinoma	1349	(7)
Interventions for Clients with Malnutrition and Obesity	1356	(29)
Donna D. Ignatavicius
Nutrition Standards	1356	(1)
Dietary Planning	1356	(1)
Disease Prevention and Health Promotion	1356	(1)
Nutritional Assessment	1357	(7)
Initial Nutritional Screening	1359	(1)
Anthropometric Measurements	1359	(5)
Malnutrition	1364	(9)
Obesity	1373	(12)
UNIT 13 Problems of Regulation and Metabolism
Management of Clients with Problems of the Endocrine System
Assessment of the Endocrine System	1385	(14)
M. Linda Workman
Anatomy and Physiology Review	1385	(8)
Hypothalamus and Pituitary Glands	1387	(1)
Gonads	1388	(1)
Adrenal Glands	1388	(2)
Thyroid Gland	1390	(1)
Parathyroid Glands	1391	(1)
Pancreas	1392	(1)
Endocrine Glands Associated with Aging	1392	(1)
Assessment Techniques	1393	(6)
History	1393	(2)
Physical Assessment	1395	(1)
Psychosocial Assessment	1396	(1)
Diagnostic Assessment	1396	(3)
Interventions for Clients with Pituitary and Adrenal Gland Problems	1399	(24)
M. Linda Workman
Disorders of the Pituitary Gland	1400	(1)
Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary Gland	1400	(8)
Hypopituitarism	1400	(1)
Hyperpituitarism	1400	(8)
Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland	1408	(4)
Diabetes Insipidus	1408	(2)
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone	1410	(2)
Disorders of the Adrenal Gland	1412	(1)
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction	1412	(3)
Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction	1415	(8)
Hypercortisolism (Cushing's Syndrome)	1416	(3)
Hyperaldosteronism	1419	(1)
Pheochromocytoma	1420	(3)
Interventions for Clients with Problems of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands	1423	(17)
M. Linda Workman
Thyroid Disorders	1423	(13)
Hyperthyroidism	1423	(7)
Hypothyroidism	1430	(5)
Thyroiditis	1435	(1)
Thyroid Cancer	1436	(1)
Parathyroid Disorders	1436	(4)
Hyperparathyroidism	1436	(2)
Hypoparathyroidism	1438	(2)
Interventions for Clients with Diabetes Mellitus	1440	(55)
M. Elaine Mcleod
Overview	1441	(9)
Collaborative Management	1450	(45)
History	1450	(1)
Laboratory Assessment	1450	(1)
Other Diagnostic Assessments	1451	(1)
Risk for Injury Related to Hyperglycemia	1452	(18)
Risk for Injury Related to Stress of Surgery	1470	(2)
Risk for Injury Related to Sensory Alterations	1472	(3)
Chronic Pain	1475	(1)
Risk for Injury Related to Visual Sensory-Perceptual Alterations	1475	(1)
Ineffective Renal Tissue Perfusion	1476	(2)
Potential for Hypoglycemia	1478	(3)
Potential for Diabetic Ketoacidosis	1481	(2)
Potential for Hyperglycemic-Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome and Coma	1483	(2)
Community-Based Care	1485	(10)
UNIT 14 Problems of Protection
Management of Clients with Problems of the Skin, Hair, and Nails
Assessment of the Skin, Hair, and Nails	1495	(19)
Janice Cuzzell
Anatomy and Physiology Review	1495	(2)
Structure of the Skin	1495	(1)
Structure of the Skin Appendages	1496	(1)
Functions of the Skin	1497	(1)
Skin Changes Associated with Aging	1497	(1)
Assessment Techniques	1497	(17)
History	1497	(5)
Physical Assessment	1502	(9)
Psychosocial Assessment	1511	(1)
Diagnostic Assessment	1511	(3)
Interventions for Clients with Skin Problems	1514	(41)
Janice Cuzzell
Minor Irritations	1514	(2)
Dryness	1514	(1)
Pruritus	1515	(1)
Sunburn	1515	(1)
Urticaria	1516	(1)
Trauma	1516	(3)
Pressure Ulcers	1519	(15)
Common Infections	1534	(3)
Parasitic Disorders	1537	(3)
Pediculosis	1537	(3)
Scabies	1540	(1)
Common Inflammations	1540	(1)
Psoriasis	1541	(3)
Benign Tumors	1544	(1)
Cysts	1544	(1)
Seborrheic Keratoses	1544	(1)
Keloids	1544	(1)
Nevi	1545	(1)
Warts	1545	(1)
Hemangiomas	1545	(1)
Skin Cancer	1545	(3)
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery	1548	(2)
Other Skin Disorders	1550	(2)
Acne	1550	(1)
Lichen Planus	1551	(1)
Pemphigus Vulgaris	1551	(1)
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis	1551	(1)
Frostbite	1552	(1)
Leprosy	1552	(1)
Nail Disorders	1552	(3)
Ingrown Toenail	1552	(3)
Interventions for Clients with Burns	1555	(34)
Eric Marsh
Introduction to the Burn Problem	1555	(9)
Pathophysiology of Burn Injury	1555	(1)
Integumentary Changes Resulting from Burn Injury	1555	(4)
Vascular Changes Resulting from Burn Injury	1559	(1)
Cardiac Changes Resulting from Burn Injury	1560	(1)
Pulmonary Changes Resulting from Burn Injury	1560	(1)
Gastrointestinal Changes Resulting from Burn Injury	1561	(1)
Metabolic Changes Resulting from Burn Injury	1561	(1)
Immunologic Changes Resulting from Burn Injury	1561	(1)
Compensatory Responses to Burn Injury	1561	(1)
Etiology of Burn Injury	1562	(1)
Dry Heat	1562	(1)
Moist Heat	1562	(1)
Contact Burns	1562	(1)
Chemical Injury	1562	(1)
Electrical Injury	1563	(1)
Radiation Injury	1563	(1)
Incidence/Prevalence of Burn Injury	1563	(1)
Emergent Phase of Burn Injury	1564	(11)
Acute Phase of Burn Injury	1575	(8)
Rehabilitative Phase of Burn Injury	1583	(6)
UNIT 15 Problems of Excretion
Management of Clients with Problems of the Renal/Urinary System
Assessment of the Renal/Urinary System	1589	(25)
Chris Winkelman
Anatomy and Physiology Review	1589	(9)
Kidneys	1589	(6)
Ureters	1595	(1)
Urinary Bladder	1596	(1)
Urethra	1596	(1)
Renal/Urinary Changes Associated with Aging	1596	(2)
Assessment Techniques	1598	(16)
History	1598	(2)
Physical Assessment	1600	(1)
Psychosocial Assessment	1601	(1)
Diagnostic Assessment	1601	(13)
Interventions for Clients with Urinary Problems	1614	(28)
Chris Winkelman
Infectious Disorders	1614	(7)
Cystitis	1614	(6)
Urethritis	1620	(1)
Noninfectious Disorders	1621	(21)
Urethral Strictures	1621	(1)
Urinary Incontinence	1621	(11)
Urolithiasis	1632	(5)
Urothelial Cancer	1637	(2)
Bladder Trauma	1639	(3)
Interventions for Clients with Renal Disorders	1642	(22)
Chris Winkelman
Congenital Disorders	1642	(3)
Polycystic Kidney Disease	1642	(3)
Obstructive Disorders	1645	(1)
Hydronephrosis, Hydroureter, and Urethral Stricture	1645	(1)
Infectious Disorders	1646	(4)
Pyelonephritis	1646	(4)
Renal Abscess	1650	(1)
Renal Tuberculosis	1650	(1)
Immunologic Renal Disorders	1650	(4)
Acute Glomerular Nephritis	1651	(2)
Rapidly Progressive Glomerular Nephritis	1653	(1)
Chronic Glomerulonephritis	1653	(1)
Nephrotic Syndrome	1654	(1)
Immunologic Interstitial and Tubulointerstitial Disorders	1654	(1)
Degenerative Disorders	1654	(3)
Nephrosclerosis	1654	(2)
Renovascular Disease	1656	(1)
Diabetic Nephropathy	1656	(1)
Tumors	1657	(2)
Cysts and Benign Tumors	1657	(1)
Renal Cell Carcinoma	1658	(1)
Renal Trauma	1659	(5)
Interventions for Clients with Acute and Chronic Renal Failure	1664	(43)
Constance Visovsky
Acute Renal Failure	1665	(10)
Chronic Renal Failure	1675	(32)
Renal Replacement Therapies	1688	(1)
Hemodialysis	1688	(6)
Peritoneal Dialysis	1694	(3)
Renal Transplantation	1697	(10)
UNIT 16 Roblems of Reproduction
Management of Clients with Problems of the Reproductive System
Assessment of the Reproductive System	1707	(23)
Deitra L. Lowdermilk
Anatomy and Physiology Review	1707	(6)
Structure and Function of the Female Reproductive System	1707	(3)
Menstruation and Menopause	1710	(1)
Structure and Function of the Male Reproductive System	1711	(2)
Reproductive Changes Associated with Aging	1713	(1)
Assessment Techniques	1713	(17)
History	1713	(4)
Physical Assessment	1717	(4)
Psychosocial Assessment	1721	(1)
Diagnostic Assessment	1721	(9)
Interventions for Clients with Breast Disorders	1730	(21)
Amy Nichols
Donna D. Ignatavicius
Prevention and Early Detection of Breast Masses	1730	(3)
Mammography	1730	(1)
Breast Self-Examination	1730	(2)
Clinical Breast Examination	1732	(1)
Women at High Genetic Risk for Breast Cancer	1733	(1)
Cancer Surveillance	1734	(1)
Prophylactic Mastectomy	1734	(1)
Chemoprevention	1734	(1)
Benign Breast Disorders	1734	(2)
Fibroadenoma	1734	(1)
Fibrocystic Breast Disease	1734	(1)
Ductal Ectasia	1735	(1)
Intraductal Papilloma	1735	(1)
Issues of Large-Breasted Women	1735	(1)
Gynecomastia	1735	(1)
Breast Cancer	1736	(15)
Interventions for Clients with Gynecologic Problems	1751	(31)
Amy Nichols
Donna D. Ignatavicius
Menstrual Cycle Disorders	1751	(7)
Primary Dysmenorrhea	1751	(1)
Premenstrual Syndrome	1752	(1)
Amenorrhea	1753	(1)
Postmenopausal Bleeding	1754	(1)
Endometriosis	1755	(1)
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding	1756	(1)
Menopause	1756	(2)
Inflammations and Infections	1758	(2)
Simple Vaginitis	1758	(1)
Vulvitis	1759	(1)
Toxic Shock Syndrome	1760	(1)
Pelvic Structure Support Problems	1760	(3)
Uterine Prolapse	1760	(2)
Cystocele	1762	(1)
Rectocele	1762	(1)
Fistulas	1763	(1)
Benign Neoplasms	1763	(6)
Functional Ovarian Cysts	1763	(1)
Other Benign Ovarian Cysts and Tumors	1764	(1)
Uterine Leiomyomas	1764	(4)
Bartholin's Cysts	1768	(1)
Cervical Polyps	1769	(1)
Malignant Neoplasms	1769	(13)
Endometrial Cancer	1769	(3)
Cervical Cancer	1772	(4)
Ovarian Cancer	1776	(2)
Vulvar Cancer	1778	(2)
Vaginal Cancer	1780	(1)
Fallopian Tube Cancer	1780	(2)
Interventions for Male Clients with Reproductive Problems	1782	(23)
Lori Klingman
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia	1782	(7)
Prostate Cancer	1789	(4)
Erectile Dysfunction	1793	(2)
Testicular Cancer	1795	(4)
Other Common Problems Affecting the Testes and Adjacent Structures	1799	(6)
Hydrocele	1799	(1)
Spermatocele	1800	(1)
Varicocele	1800	(1)
Scrotal Trauma	1801	(1)
Cryptorchidism	1801	(1)
Cancer of the Penis	1801	(1)
Phimosis	1802	(1)
Circumcision	1802	(1)
Priapism	1802	(1)
Prostatitis	1802	(1)
Epididymitis	1803	(1)
Orchitis	1803	(2)
Interventions for Clients with Sexually Transmitted Diseases	1805
Shirley E. Van Zandt
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome	1807
Infections Associated with Ulcers	1807
Syphilis	1807
Genital Herpes	1810
Lymphogranuloma Venereum	1812
Chancroid	1812
Granuloma Inguinale	1812
Infections of the Epithelial Structures	1813
Condylomata Acuminata	1813
Gonorrhea	1813
Chlamydial Infection	1816
Other Gynecologic Conditions	1817
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	1817
Sexually Transmitted Vaginal Infections	1823
Hepatitis B and C	1823
Appendixes
1 Abbreviations	1826
2 Screening Guidelines for Secondary Prevention of Selected Cancers in Asymptomatic People	1832
3 Clinical Pathways	1833