Med-Math : Dosage Calculation, Preparation and Administration

by Henke, Grace

• ISBN13: 9780781710282
• ISBN10: 0781710286
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-01-01
• Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Summary

Saint Vincent's Hospital, New York, NY. A programmed workbook for nursing students. Previous edition: c1995. Two-color format. Includes: new drug labels, an expanded glossary, and IV content. Three-hole punched with perforated pages.

Table of Contents

1 Arithmetic Needed for Dosage	1	(25)
Multiplying Whole Numbers	1	(1)
Dividing Whole Numbers	2	(1)
Fractions	3	(6)
Types of Fractions	3	(2)
Multiplying Fractions	5	(1)
Dividing Fractions	6	(1)
Changing Fractions to Decimals	7	(2)
Decimals	9	(4)
Reading Decimals	9	(1)
Dividing Decimals	10	(1)
Clearing the Divisor of Decimal Points	10	(1)
Rounding Off Decimals	11	(1)
Comparing the Value of Decimals	12	(1)
Percent	13	(2)
Percents That Are Whole Numbers	13	(1)
Percents That Are Decimals	13	(1)
Percents That Are Fractions	14	(1)
Ratio and Proportion	15	(6)
Solving Proportions With an Unknown	15	(2)
Ratio and Proportion in Dosage	17	(4)
Answers	21	(5)
2 Interpreting the Language of Prescriptions	26	(17)
Time of Administration of Drugs	26	(3)
Military Time: The 24-Hour Clock	28	(1)
Routes of Administration	29	(2)
Metric and SI Abbreviations	31	(1)
Apothecary Abbreviations	32	(1)
Household Abbreviations	33	(1)
Terms and Abbreviations for Drug Preparations	34	(7)
Answers	41	(2)
3 Drug Labels and Packaging	43	(20)
Drug Labels	43	(5)
Drug Packaging	48	(13)
Unit-Dose Packaging	48	(5)
Multidose Packaging	53	(8)
Answers	61	(2)
4 Dosage Measurement Systems	63	(16)
Metric System (SI)	63	(14)
Measures of Weight	63	(1)
Weight Equivalents	63	(1)
Converting Solid Equivalents	64	(5)
Table of Common Metric Solid Equivalents	69	(2)
Metric Liquid Measures	71	(1)
Apothecary Liquid Measures Found on Equipment	71	(1)
Household Measures	71	(1)
Conversions Among Liquid Measures	72	(5)
Answers	77	(2)
5 Drug Preparations and Equipment to Measure Doses	79	(14)
Drug Preparations	79	(3)
Oral Route	79	(2)
Parenteral Route	81	(1)
Topical Route	81	(1)
Equipment to Measure Doses	82	(9)
Medicine Cup	82	(2)
Syringes	84	(1)
Rounding Off Numbers in Liquid Dosage Answers	85	(3)
Needles for Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Injections	88	(3)
Answers	91	(2)
6 Calculation of Oral Medications--Solids and Liquids	93	(25)
Oral Solids	94	(6)
Application of the Rule for Oral Solids	94	(1)
Clearing Decimals	95	(4)
Special Types of Oral Solid Orders	99	(1)
Oral Liquids	100	(4)
Application of the Rule for Oral Liquids	100	(4)
Special Types of Oral Liquid Orders	104	(1)
Mental Drill for Oral Solid and Liquid Problems	104	(9)
Answers	113	(5)
7 Liquids for Injection	118	(41)
Calculating Injection Problems	119	(5)
3-cc Syringe	119	(1)
1-cc Precision Syringe	119	(5)
Special Types of Problems in Injections From a Liquid	124	(5)
When Stock Is a Ratio	124	(3)
When Stock Is a Percent	127	(2)
Insulin Injections	129	(22)
Types of Insulin	129	(3)
Types of Insulin Syringes	132	(1)
Preparing an Injection Using an Insulin Syringe	133	(1)
Mixing Two Insulins in One Syringe	133	(1)
Preparing an Insulin Injecton When No Insulin Syringe Is Available	134	(17)
Answers	151	(8)
8 Injections From Powders	159	(29)
Injections From Powders	159	(1)
Application of the Rule for Injections From Powders	159	(1)
Distinctive Features of Injections From Powders	160	(3)
Where to Find Information About Reconstitution of Powders	163	(20)
Answers	183	(5)
9 Calculation of Basic IV Drip Rates	188	(28)
Overview	188	(1)
Types of Intravenous Fluids	188	(1)
Kinds of Intravenous Drip Factors	189	(8)
Infusion Pumps	189	(1)
Labeling IVs	190	(1)
Calculating Basic IV Drip Rates	191	(2)
Application of the Rule	193	(2)
Determining Hours an IV Will Run	195	(1)
Choosing the Infusion Set	196	(1)
Need for Continuous Observation	197	(1)
Adding Medications to IVs	197	(3)
Medications Ordered Over Several Hours	197	(3)
Medications for Intermittent Intravenous Administration	200	(4)
Explanation	200	(4)
Admixture IVs	204	(1)
Changing the Intravenous Drip Rate	204	(7)
Recording Intake	205	(6)
Answers	211	(5)
10 Special Types of Intravenous Calculations	216	(25)
Overview	216	(1)
Medications Ordered in Units/hr, mg/hr, or mL/hr	216	(4)
Units/hr--Rule and Calculation	216	(1)
mg/hr, g/hr--Rule and Calculation	217	(1)
mL/hr--Rule and Calculation	218	(1)
mg/min--Rule and Calculation	219	(1)
Medications Ordered in mcg/min, mcg/kg/min, or milliunits/min	220	(5)
mcg/min--Rule and Calculation	220	(3)
mcg/kg/min--Rule and Calculation	223	(1)
milliunits/min--Rule and Calculation	224	(1)
Body Surface Nomogram	225	(4)
m(2)--Rule and Calculation	226	(3)
Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA)	229	(6)
Answers	235	(6)
11 Dosage Problems for Infants and Children	241	(20)
Overview	241	(1)
Dosage Based on mg/kg and Body Surface Area	241	(9)
Steps and Rule--mk/kg Body Weight	242	(4)
Determining BSA in m(2)	246	(2)
Steps and Rule--m(2) Medication Orders	248	(2)
Dosage for Parenteral Medications	250	(7)
Answers	257	(4)
12 Information Basic to Administering Drugs	261	(21)
Drug Knowledge	261	(4)
Generic and Trade Names	262	(1)
Classification	262	(1)
Pregnancy Category	262	(1)
Dosage and Route	263	(1)
Action	263	(1)
Indications	263	(1)
Side and Adverse Effects	263	(1)
Contraindications and Precautions	263	(1)
Interactions and Incompatibilities	264	(1)
Nursing Implications	264	(1)
Signs of Effectiveness	264	(1)
Patient Teaching	265	(1)
Pharmacokinetics	265	(1)
Absorption	265	(1)
Distribution	265	(1)
Biotransformation	265	(1)
Excretion	265	(1)
Tolerance	266	(1)
Cumulation	266	(1)
Half-Life	266	(1)
Legal Considerations	266	(4)
Criminal Law	267	(2)
Civil Law	269	(1)
Ethical Principles in Drug Administration	270	(1)
Autonomy	270	(1)
Truthfulness	270	(1)
Beneficence	271	(1)
Nonmaleficence	271	(1)
Confidentiality	271	(1)
Justice	271	(1)
Fidelity	271	(1)
Specific Points That May Be Helpful in Giving Medications	271	(10)
Medication Orders	271	(1)
Knowledge Base	271	(2)
Pouring Medications	273	(1)
Giving Medications	274	(1)
Charting	274	(1)
Evaluation	275	(1)
Error in Medication	275	(6)
Answers	281	(1)
13 Administration Procedures	282	(32)
Universal Precautions Applied to Administration of Medications	282	(2)
General Safeguards in Administering Medications	282	(2)
Systems of Administration	284	(3)
Ticket System	284	(1)
Mobile-Cart System	285	(1)
Computer Printouts	286	(1)
Routes of Administration	287	(26)
Oral Route	287	(2)
Parenteral Route	289	(8)
Administering Injections	297	(2)
Application to Skin and Mucous Membrane	299	(14)
Answers	313	(1)
Appendix A Apothecary System	314	(4)
Appendix B Derivation of the Dosage Formula	318	(2)
Appendix C Proficiency Test Answers	320	(21)
Glossary	341	(4)
Index	345