Since the publication of the best-selling first edition, much has been discovered about Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the single-celled fungus commonly known as baker's yeast or brewer's yeast that is the basis for much of our understanding of the molecular and cellular biology of eukaryotes. This wealth of new research data demands our attention and requires a reference that updates our current knowledge.Completely rewritten, updated, and expanded, Metabolism and Molecular Physiology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2nd Edition provides a modern account of the metabolism and physiology of this important organism. All chapters have been thoroughly revised, and two new chapters on ageing and on the molecular organization and biogenesis of the cell wall have been added to highlight new areas of research. The book also includes coverage of morphogenesis, protein trafficking, lipids and membranes, and stress responses.Written by a team of internationally recognized experts, this authoritative second edition is a leading reference for bioscientists across many disciplines as well as novices interested in the latest developments in this complex field.

List of figures

ix

List of tables

xi

List of contributors

xiii

Preface

xv

1 Life cycle and morphogenesis

1

(19)

J. RICHARD DICKINSON

1.1 Introduction

1

(1)

1.2 Life cycle

1

(6)

1.3 Cell cycle

1.4 Pheromone response and mating

7

(2)

1.5 Pseudohyphae and invasive haploid filaments

9

(1)

1.6 Meiosis and sporulation

10

(3)

1.7 Stationary phase

13

(1)

References

14

(6)

2 Mother cell-specific ageing

20

(22)

MICHAEL BREITENBACH, PETER LAUN, GINO HEEREN, STEPHI JAROLIM AND ALENA PICHOVA

2.1 Introduction

20

(1)

2.2 Model systems for ageing research

20

(1)

2.3 Determination of replicative (mother cell-specific) lifespan in yeast

21

(2)

2.4 Mother cell specificity - public or private phenomenon?

23

(1)

2.5 Statistics of lifespan distributions

23

(1)

2.6 Technical considerations: preparation of old cells

24

(1)

2.7 The senescent phenotype

25

(2)

2.8 Ageing and oxidative stress, respiration and the retrograde response

27

(4)

2.9 Ageing and the ras genes

31

(1)

2.10 Caloric restriction and nutritional control of ageing

32

(2)

2.11 Ageing and accumulation of mutations, ERCs, silencing, telomeres and DNA metabolism

34

(2)

2.12 Genetic screens for ageing mutants

36

(1)

2.13 Genomic approaches

37

(1)

References

38

(4)

3 Carbon metabolism

42

(62)

ARTHUR L. KRUCKEBERG AND J. RICHARD DICKINSON

3.1 Introductory remarks

42

(1)

3.2 Transport of carbon compounds into the cell and nutrient sensing

42

(14)

3.3 Glycolysis

56

(7)

3.4 Gluconeogenesis

63

(1)

3.5 Hexose monophosphate pathway

64

(1)

3.6 Trehalose and glycogen

64

(2)

3.7 Tricarboxylic acid cycle and glyoxylate bypass

66

(4)

3.8 Regulation and integration of carbon metabolism with other metabolic and physiological processes

70

(3)

3.9 Metabolomics as relevant to carbon metabolism: metabolic modelling

73

(3)

References

76

(28)

4 Nitrogen metabolism

104

(13)

J. RICHARD DICKINSON

4.1 Introduction

104

(1)

4.2 Ammonia, glutamate and glutamine: the major interface with carbon metabolism

104

(1)

4.3 Control of nitrogen metabolism

105

(8)

4.4 Concluding remarks 113

References

113

(4)

5 Molecular organization and biogenesis of the cell wall

117

(23)

FRANS M. KLIS, PIET DE GROOT, STANLEY BRUL AND KLAAS HELLINGWERF

5.1 Introduction

117

(1)

5.2 General organization and composition of the cell wall

117

(2)

5.3 Methodology for cell wall analysis

119

(1)

5.4 The 1,3-β-glucan network

119

(1)

5.5 Biogenesis of 1,6-βglucan

120

(1)

5.6 The contribution of chitin to the mechanical strength of the lateral walls

121

(2)

5.7 Cell wall proteins

123

(2)

5.8 Surface display of heterologous proteins

125

(1)

5.9 Nonconventional cell surface proteins

125

(1)

5.10 Molecular organization of the cell wall

126

(3)

5.11 Cell wall assembly

129

(2)

5.12 Perspectives

131

(1)

References

132

(8)

6 Lipids and membranes

140

(84)

MICHAEL SCHWEIZER

6.1 Introduction

140

(1)

6.2 Uptake, activation and intracellular transport of fatty acids

140

(3)

6.3 Synthesis, elongation and desaturation of faty acids

143

(5)

6.4 Fatty acid metabolism in mitochondria and peroxisomes

148

(6)

6.5 The roles of phospholipids in yeast physiology and membrane homeostasis

154

(11)

6.6 UASINO - the common denominator of phospholipid regulation

165

(2)

6.7 Phospholipid turnover, remodelling and signalling

167

(2)

6.8 Phosphoinositides - key players in signalling and regulation of membrane trafficking

169

(4)

6.9 Sec14 - the connection between phospholipids and the Golgi secretory pathway

173

(3)

6.10 Sterols - metabolism, uptake, trafficking and regulation

176

(12)

6.11 Oxysterols - their role in lipid metabolism, vesicle transport and cell signalling

188

(1)

6.12 Sphingolipids - important for cellular structure and signalling

189

(6)

6.13 GPI anchors - their rise to the surface

195

(4)

6.14 Lipid rafts - the way in and out

199

(1)

6.15 Conclusions

200

(1)

References

201

(23)

7 Protein trafficking

224

(60)

JEREMY D. BROWN

7.1 Introduction

224

(1)

7.2 Protein targeting and translocation

225

(15)

7.3 The general secretory pathway

240

(17)

7.4 Specialized transport routes

257

(3)

7.5 Summary and concluding remarks

260

(1)

References

261

(23)

8 Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation

284

(92)

MICHAEL J. R. STARK

8.1 Introduction

284

(4)

8.2 Cyclin-dependent protein kinases

288

(11)

8.3 Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase

299

(5)

8.4 SNF1 protein kinase and glucose repression

304

(4)

8.5 The TOR signalling pathway

308

(4)

8.6 MAP kinase pathways

312

(20)

8.7 Protein phosphatase 1

332

(6)

8.8 Protein phosphatase 2A

338

(2)

8.9 Sit4p protein phosphatase

340

(2)

8.10 PP2B

342

(2)

8.11 Concluding remarks 343

References

344

(32)

9 Stress responses

376

(63)

IAN W. DAWES

9.1 Introduction

376

(1)

9.2 Heat shock

377

(7)

9.3 Oxidative stress

384

(18)

9.4 Osmotic stress (hypo- and hyperosmotic stress) and salt stress

402

(5)

9.5 Freeze-thaw injury

407

(3)

9.6 General regulatory mechanisms

410

(2)

9.7 Regulation pathways

412

(6)

9.8 Cell division cycle arrest: checkpoints

418

(2)

9.9 Overlapping regulatory networks and the future

420

(1)

References

421

(18)

Index

439

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