Preface | |
Introduction | |
Computers, Microprocessors, Microcomputers, Microcontrollers | |
Some Basic Definitions | |
Notation | |
Study Plan | |
The Picoprocessor: An Introduction to Computer Architecture | |
Introduction | |
Computer Operation Codes | |
Basic Computer Hardware | |
Computer Timing | |
More Instructions | |
Control Instructions | |
The Final Design | |
Chapter Summary Points | |
Problems | |
Introduction to the CPU: Registers and Condition Codes | |
Introduction | |
CPU Register | |
Register Transfers | |
Your Real Processor's Registers | |
The Condition Code Register | |
The Programmer's Model | |
Chapter Summary Points | |
Problems | |
Addressing Modes | |
Introduction | |
Addressing Terminology | |
Memory Architectures | |
Addressing Modes | |
Stack Addressing | |
Chapter Summary Points | |
Your Own Processor's Addressing Modes | |
Problems | |
Assembly Language Programming and Debugging | |
Introduction | |
The Assembler | |
The Code Location Problem | |
The Linker | |
The Librarian | |
The Loader | |
Assembly-Time, Link-Time, Load-Time, and Run-Time | |
Your Assembler | |
The Debugger | |
Typical Assembly Language Program Bugs | |
Tricks of the Trade | |
Chapter Summary Points | |
Problems | |
Top-Down Software Design | |
The Need for Software Design | |
The Software Tree | |
The Software Development Process | |
Top-Down Design | |
Design Partitioning | |
Bottom-Up Design | |
The Real-World Approach | |
Types of Design Activity | |
Design Tools | |
Top-Down Debugging and Testing | |
Structured Programming in Assembly Language | |
Modular Design | |
Interprocess Communication | |
Software Documentation | |
Chapter Summary Points | |
Problems | |
Computer Buses and Parallel Input/Output | |
Introduction | |
The Computer Bus | |
I/O Addressing | |
I/O Synchronization | |
More Bus Ideas | |
Simple I/O Devices | |
Programmable I/O Devices | |
More I/O Ideas | |
Chapter Summary Points | |
References and Other Reading | |
Problems | |
Interrupts and Real-Time Events | |
Introduction | |
Interrupt System Specifications | |
Asynchronous Events and Internal Processor Timing | |
Internal CPU Interrupt Hardware | |
Multiple Sources of Interrupts | |
Sequential and Nested Interrupts | |
Simultaneous Interrupts - Priorities | |
Transferring Control to the Interrupt Service Routine | |
The Interrupt Service Routine | |
Interrupt Routine Returns | |
Other Interrupt Request Signals | |
Conclusion and Chapter Summary Points | |
Further Reading | |
Problems | |
Computer Memories | |
Introduction | |
Computer Types and Memory Maps | |
Semiconductor RAM | |
ROM Memory | |
Memory Timing Requirements | |
Putting it All Together | |
Conclusion and Chapter Summary Points | |
Further Reading | |
Problems | |
Serial Input/Output | |
Introduction | |
The Components of an Asynchronous Serial Communication System | |
Standards for the Serial I/O Interface | |
RS-232-C Interconnections | |
Standard Electrical Signal Levels | |
The UART | |
ASCII Data and Control Codes | |
Flow Control | |
Debugging and Trouble Shooting | |
Chapter Summary Points | |
Problems | |
Analog Input and Output | |
Introduction | |
Data Acquisition and Conversion | |
Shannon's Sampling Theorem and Aliasing | |
Analog-to-Digital Conversion | |
Digital-to-Analog Conversion | |
Other Analog I/O Methods | |
Chapter Summary Points | |
Further Reading | |
Problems | |
Appendix A: Binary Codes | |
Binary Codes Review | |
ProblemsSolutions to Chapter Problems | |
Index | |
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