The MIDI Manual: A Practical Guide to MIDI in the Project Studio

by Huber; David Miles

• ISBN13: 9780240807980
• ISBN10: 0240807987
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2007-03-05
• Publisher: TAYLOR & FRANCIS

Summary

Your indispensable guide to MIDI: Includes all the latest developments in hardware and software, Practical advice on digital audio technology, covering all the major DAWs, Includes tutorials and practical insights into sequencing, Updated and expanded chapter on "groove tool" technologies, Fun and insightful section on "Studio Tips & Tricks".

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. xv
What Is MIDI?	p. 1
What MIDI Isn't	p. 3
A Brief History	p. 4
Why Is MIDI?	p. 5
MIDI in the Home	p. 6
MIDI on the Go	p. 7
MIDI in the Studio	p. 8
MIDI in Audio-for-Visual and Fihn	p. 9
MIDI in Live Performance	p. 10
MIDI and Visuals	p. 10
MIDI and Multimedia	p. 10
MIDI on the Phone	p. 11
MIDI 1.0	p. 13
Exploring the Spec	p. 13
The Digital Word	p. 14
The MIDI Message	p. 15
MIDI Channels	p. 17
Auto Channelizing	p. 18
MIDI Modes	p. 19
Channel-Voice Messages	p. 22
Note-On Messages	p. 22
Note-Off Messages	p. 23
All Notes Off	p. 24
Pressure (Aftertouch) Messages	p. 24
Channel Pressure Messages	p. 25
Polyphonic Key Pressure Messages	p. 25
Program Change Messages	p. 26
Pitch Bend Messages	p. 27
Control Change Messages	p. 28
Controller ID Numbers	p. 29
Controller Values	p. 30
Explanation of Controller ID Parameters	p. 31
Bank Select	p. 31
Mod Wheel	p. 34
Breath Control	p. 34
Foot Pedal	p. 34
Portamento Time	p. 34
Data Entry	p. 34
Channel Volume (formerly known as Main Volume)	p. 35
Stereo Balance	p. 35
Pan	p. 35
Expression	p. 35
Effect Control 1 and 2	p. 36
General Purpose Controllers	p. 36
Hold Pedal	p. 36
Portamento On/Off	p. 37
Sustenuto Pedal	p. 37
Soft Pedal	p. 37
Legato Pedal	p. 37
Hold 2 Pedal	p. 37
Sound Variation (Sound Controller 1)	p. 37
Sound Timbre (Sound Controller 2)	p. 38
Sound Release Time (Sound Controller 3)	p. 38
Sound Attack Time (Sound Controller 4)	p. 38
Sound Brightness (Sound Controller 5)	p. 38
Sound Controller 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10	p. 38
General Purpose Buttons	p. 38
Portamento Control	p. 39
Effects Level	p. 39
Tremolo Level	p. 39
Chorus Level	p. 39
Celeste Level	p. 39
Phaser Level (Set it on stun, Scotty!)	p. 39
Data Button Increment	p. 39
Data Button Decrement	p. 40
Non-Registered Parameter Number (NRPN)	p. 40
Registered Parameter Number (RPN)	p. 40
All Sound Off	p. 40
All Controllers Off	p. 40
Local Keyboard On/Off	p. 40
All Notes Off	p. 41
Omni Mode Off	p. 41
Omni Mode On	p. 41
Monophonic Operation	p. 42
Polyphonic Operation	p. 42
System Messages	p. 42
System-Common Messages	p. 42
MTC Quarter-Frame Messages	p. 42
Song Position Pointer Messages	p. 43
Song Select Messages	p. 43
Tune Request Messages	p. 43
End of Exclusive Messages	p. 43
System Real-Time Messages	p. 43
Timing Clock Messages	p. 43
Start Messages	p. 44
Stop Messages	p. 44
Continue Messages	p. 44
Active Sensing Messages	p. 44
System Reset Messages	p. 44
System-Exclusive Messages	p. 44
Universal Nonreal-Time System Exclusive	p. 45
Universal Real-Time System Exclusive	p. 45
Running Status	p. 46
The Hardware	p. 47
System Interconnection	p. 47
The MIDI Cable	p. 48
MIDI Phantom Power	p. 49
Wireless MIDI	p. 50
MIDI Jacks	p. 51
MIDI In Jack	p. 51
MIDI Out Jack	p. 51
MIDI Thru Jack	p. 51
MIDI Echo	p. 52
Typical Configurations	p. 52
The Daisy Chain	p. 53
The Multiport Network	p. 54
MIDI and the Personal Computer	p. 55
The Mac	p. 56
The PC	p. 57
Portability	p. 57
Super-Portability	p. 58
Connecting to the Peripheral World	p. 58
USB	p. 59
Fire Wire	p. 61
Networking	p. 61
The MIDI Interface	p. 63
The Keyboard Controller	p. 65
Foot Controllers	p. 66
The Audio Interface	p. 68
DAW Hardware Controllers	p. 69
MIDI Diagnostic Tools	p. 71
Electronic Instruments	p. 73
Inside the Toys	p. 73
Keyboards	p. 75
The Synth	p. 76
Synth Modules	p. 77
Soundcard Synths	p. 78
Software Synthesis and Sample Resynthesis	p. 78
Samplers	p. 80
Software Samplers	p. 82
Sample CDs, DVDs, and the Web	p. 84
Instrument Plug-Ins	p. 86
The MIDI Keyboard Controller	p. 87
Alternative Controllers	p. 90
The Drum Machine	p. 90
Alternative Percussion Voices	p. 93
MIDI Drum Controllers	p. 94
Drum Machine Button Pads	p. 95
The Keyboard as a Percussion Controller	p. 95
Drum Pad Controllers	p. 96
MIDI Drums	p. 96
Other MIDI Instrument and Controller Types	p. 98
MIDI Vibraphone	p. 98
MIDI Guitars and Basses	p. 99
MIDI Wind Controllers	p. 99
Sequencing	p. 101
Hardware Sequencers	p. 102
Integrated Workstation Sequencers	p. 103
Software Sequencers	p. 103
Basic Introduction to Sequencing	p. 104
Recording	p. 105
Setting the Session Tempo	p. 106
Changing Tempo	p. 107
Click Track	p. 107
Setting Up a Track	p. 108
Multiple Track Recording	p. 109
Punching In and Out	p. 109
Pre-count	p. 111
Record Loop	p. 111
Stacking	p. 112
Step Time Entry	p. 112
Saving Your MIDI Files	p. 113
Editing	p. 113
Main Edit Screen	p. 114
MIDI Grouping	p. 115
Piano Roll Editor	p. 116
Snap to	p. 116
Notation Editor	p. 118
Drum Editor	p. 119
Event Editor	p. 119
Practical Editing Techniques	p. 120
Transposition	p. 120
Quantization	p. 121
Humanizing	p. 123
Swing	p. 124
Slipping in Time	p. 124
Editing Controller Values	p. 125
Thinning Controller Values	p. 128
Filtering MIDI Data	p. 128
Mapping MIDI Data	p. 129
Program Change Messages	p. 129
System Exclusive: The Musician's Pal	p. 130
Work Those Tracks!	p. 131
Splitting Tracks	p. 131
Merging Tracks	p. 132
Layering Tracks	p. 133
MIDI Echo, Echo, Echo	p. 133
MIDI Processing Effects	p. 133
Audio-to-MIDI Interpretation	p. 136
Replacing Audio Tracks via MIDI	p. 136
Playback	p. 137
Mixing a Sequence Using Continuous Controllers	p. 138
Tips and Tricks	p. 138
Digital Audio Production	p. 141
The Digital Recording/Reproduction Process	p. 142
Sampling	p. 142
Quantization	p. 143
Samplers	p. 145
Sample Editing	p. 146
Sample Looping	p. 147
Distribution of Sampled Audio	p. 148
MIDI Sample-Dump Standard	p. 148
SCSI Sample Dump Formats	p. 149
Hard-Disk Recording	p. 149
The Digital Audio Workstation	p. 150
Integration Now...Integration Forever!	p. 150
DAW Hardware	p. 152
The Desktop Computer	p. 152
The Laptop Computer	p. 155
The Audio Interface	p. 157
Audio Driver Protocols	p. 158
Latency	p. 159
Wordclock	p. 159
DAW Controllers	p. 160
Sound File Formats	p. 162
Format Interchange and Compatibility	p. 163
Sound File Sample Rates	p. 164
Sound File Bit Rates	p. 165
DAW Software	p. 165
Sound File Recording, Editing, Region Definition, and Placement	p. 168
Real-Time, On-Screen Mixing	p. 173
DSP Effects	p. 175
DSP Plug-Ins	p. 180
ReWire	p. 181
Accelerator Cards	p. 182
Power to the Processor...uhhh, People!	p. 183
In Closing	p. 188
Groove Tools and Techniques	p. 189
The Basics	p. 190
Time and Pitch Change Techniques	p. 190
Warping	p. 191
Beat Slicing	p. 191
Looping your DAW	p. 192
Loop-Based Audio Software	p. 193
Reason	p. 197
ReWire	p. 200
Groove and Loop Hardware	p. 201
Groove and Loop Plug-ins	p. 201
Pulling Loops into a DAW Session	p. 201
DJ Software	p. 203
Obtaining Loopfiles from the Great Digital Wellspring	p. 205
Editor/Librarians	p. 207
A Historical Perspective	p. 209
The Patch Editor	p. 209
Hardware Patch Editors	p. 212
The Patch Librarian	p. 213
SysEx Dump Utilities	p. 213
SysEx and your DAW	p. 214
Alternative Sources for Obtaining Patch Data	p. 216
Music Printing Programs	p. 217
Entering Music Data	p. 217
Scanning a Score	p. 219
Editing a Score	p. 219
Playing Back a Score	p. 221
Display and Printing Out a Score	p. 222
Multimedia and the Web	p. 225
The Multimedia Environment	p. 226
Delivery Media	p. 228
The CD	p. 229
The DVD	p. 229
The Web	p. 229
Delivery Formats	p. 230
Digital Audio	p. 230
Uncompressed Sound File Formats	p. 231
Compressed Codec Sound File Formats	p. 231
Perceptual Coding	p. 231
MP3	p. 233
WMA	p. 234
AAC	p. 234
RealAudio	p. 235
Tagged MetaData	p. 235
MIDI	p. 236
Standard MIDI Files	p. 237
General MIDI	p. 237
Graphics	p. 238
Desktop Video	p. 240
Multimedia and the Web in the "Need for Speed" Era	p. 241
Thoughts on Being (and Getting Heard) in Cyberspace	p. 242
Uploading to Stardom!	p. 242
Copyright Protection: Wanna Get Paid?	p. 244
Secure Digital Music Initiative	p. 244
Internet Radio	p. 244
The Virtual E-Dub	p. 245
On a Final Note	p. 245
Synchronization	p. 247
Synchronization Between Media Transports	p. 248
Time Code	p. 248
Time Code Word	p. 250
Sync Information Data	p. 251
Time Code Frame Standards	p. 251
LTC and VITC Time Code	p. 252
Time Code Refreshment/Jam Sync	p. 253
Synchronization Using SMPTE Time Code	p. 254
SMPTE Offset Times	p. 255
Loops	p. 256
Distribution of SMPTE Signals	p. 256
Time Code Levels	p. 256
Synchronization in the Pre-MIDI Era	p. 257
Click Sync	p. 257
TTL and DIN Sync	p. 257
FSK	p. 258
MIDI-Based Synchronization	p. 259
MIDI Real-Time Messages	p. 259
Song Position Pointer	p. 260
MIDI Time Code	p. 261
MIDI Time Code Control Structure	p. 261
SMPTE/MTC Conversion	p. 262
Proprietary Synchronization Systems for Modular Digital Multitrack Recorders	p. 263
Video's Need for a Stable Timing Reference	p. 263
Digital Audio's Need for a Stable Timing Reference	p. 263
Digital Audio Synchronization	p. 264
Real-World Sync Applications for Using Time Code and MIDI Time Code	p. 264
Master/Slave Relationship	p. 265
Audio Recorders	p. 266
VCRs	p. 266
MDMs	p. 267
Software Applications	p. 267
Digital Audio Workstations	p. 267
DAW Support for Video and Picture Sync	p. 267
Routing Time Code to and from Your Computer	p. 268
Keeping Out of Trouble	p. 270
Mixing and Automation	p. 271
Console and Mixer Basics	p. 272
Understanding the Concept of "The Mixer"	p. 273
Insert Point	p. 277
Grouping	p. 284
Hardware and Virtual Effects in Action	p. 285
EQ	p. 285
Dynamic Range Processors	p. 288
Compression	p. 290
Limiting	p. 292
The Noise Gate	p. 293
Time-Based Effects	p. 294
Delay	p. 294
Delay in Action!	p. 295
Reverb	p. 296
Reverb Types	p. 297
Pitch Shifting	p. 298
Time and Pitch Changes	p. 298
Effects Automation	p. 300
Write Mode	p. 300
Read Mode	p. 301
Drawn (Rubberband) Automation	p. 302
Hardware Effects Automation and Editing via MIDI	p. 303
The Art of Mixing	p. 303
Mixing and Balancing Basics	p. 303
Need More Inputs?	p. 305
Exporting a Mixdown to File	p. 306
Studio Tips and Tricks	p. 309
Studio Acoustics	p. 309
Monitoring	p. 312
Monitor Volume	p. 313
Monitor Speaker Types	p. 315
Nearfield Monitoring	p. 315
Small Speakers	p. 317
Headphones	p. 317
Your Car	p. 317
Is It Live or Is It MIDI?	p. 318
Reamping It in the Mix	p. 318
Transferring MIDI to Audio Tracks	p. 320
Helpful Production Hints	p. 320
Power- and Ground-Related Issues	p. 326
Power Conditioning	p. 327
In Conclusion	p. 333
The MIDI Implementation Chart	p. 335
Guidelines For Using the Chart	p. 337
Detailed Explanation of the Chart	p. 337
Header	p. 337
Basic Channel	p. 338
Mode	p. 338
Note Number	p. 338
Velocity	p. 338
Afterrouch	p. 339
Pitch Bender	p. 339
Conttol Change	p. 339
Program Change	p. 339
System Exclusive	p. 339
System Common	p. 339
System Real Time	p. 340
Auxiliary Messages	p. 340
Notes	p. 340
Tax Tips for Musicians	p. 341
A Business of Your Own	p. 341
"But, Dude, I Gotta Eat."	p. 342
Write-Offs	p. 342
Gear Lust = Tax Savings	p. 344
Home Sweet Home	p. 344
Self-Employment Tax	p. 344
Health Insurance	p. 345
Eat, Drink, and Be Merry	p. 345
Vehicular Reductions	p. 345
Feed The Nest Egg and Save, Too	p. 345
End-of-the-Year Tax Tips	p. 346
Get Help From the IRS	p. 346
Final Word	p. 346
Musician's Guide to Saving For Retirement	p. 347
Simple Sep Steps	p. 348
Keogh Dough	p. 348
Author Bio	p. 349
Continued Education	p. 351
The Web	p. 352
Index	p. 353
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