The Migration of Power and North-South Inequalities The Case of Italy and Libya

by Paoletti, Emanuela

• ISBN13: 9780230249264
• ISBN10: 0230249264
• eBook ISBN(s): 9780230299283
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780230299283
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-12-15
• Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan

Summary

This book examines negotiations on migration in the Mediterranean. It argues that migration is a bargaining chip which countries in the South use to increase their leverage versus their counterparts in the North. This proposition opens up new understandings reframing relations of inequalities among states.

Author Biography

Emanuela Paoletti is Junior Research Fellow at Somerville College and Researcher at the International Migration Institute at the University of Oxford, UK. She has published extensively on international relations and migration in, amongst others, Political Studies and the Journal of North African Studies.

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations	p. viii
List of Acronyms	p. ix
Acknowledgements	p. xi
Introduction and Methodology	p. 1
Setting the scene	p. 1
Hypothesis and research questions	p. 4
Research Methodology	p. 8
Discourse analysis	p. 8
Interviews	p. 10
Data-gathering	p. 11
Structure of the book	p. 12
Conclusion	p. 16
Theoretical Background and Comparative Analysis
Theoretical Framework	p. 19
Introduction	p. 19
Why complex interdependence?	p. 19
Definition of the key concepts	p. 21
Political realism	p. 22
Power in international relations	p. 23
Externalisation of migration policies	p. 28
North-South relations and international migration	p. 31
Conclusion	p. 34
Comparative Analysis	p. 35
Introduction	p. 35
Negotiations on migration between the US and selected Central and Latin American countries	p. 36
Relations between the US and Cuba	p. 36
Relations between the US and Mexico	p. 40
Cooperation on migration between Morocco and Spain	p. 46
Cooperation on migration between Turkey and the EU	p. 50
Conclusion	p. 54
Migration Discourses and Practices in Italy and Libya
Italy and Migration	p. 59
Introduction	p. 59
Data on migration	p. 60
Migration discourse in Italy	p. 62
Italian migration policies	p. 68
Italian migration policies and relations with third countries	p. 74
Conclusion	p. 77
Libya and Migration	p. 79
Introduction	p. 79
Migration from Arab countries and related Libya's policies	p. 80
Migration from sub-Saharan Africa and Libya's related policies	p. 85
Refugees and asylum-seekers in Libya	p. 90
EU-Libyan relations	p. 94
Libya's official discourse on migration	p. 97
Conclusion	p. 102
Empirical Analysis of the Bilateral Agreements on Migration
Historical Background on the Agreements between Italy and Libya	p. 107
Introduction	p. 107
Historical background from 1911 to the 1990s	p. 108
Joint Communication (1998)	p. 116
Memorandum of Intent (2000)	p. 119
Berlusconi government (2001-2006)	p. 121
Agreements between 2006 and 2008	p. 131
Conclusion	p. 137
Joint Measures on Migration	p. 139
Introduction	p. 139
Centres for irregular migrants funded by Italy in Libya	p. 139
Repatriations from Italy to Libya	p. 143
Repatriations from Libya to third countries	p. 151
Coordinated patrolling	p. 152
Provision of equipment	p. 156
Training programmes	p. 158
Exchange of information	p. 159
The role of the International Organisation for Migration (IOM)	p. 160
Push-backs	p. 163
Conclusion	p. 165
Externalisation of Migration Control Measures and Inter-state Relations
Analysis of Externalisation in the Italian-Libyan Context	p. 169
Introduction	p. 169
Is Italian-Libyan joint action on migration a manifestation of externalisation?	p. 169
How successful has the collaboration on migration been?	p. 174
Trade-offs between Italy and Libya	p. 180
Conclusion	p. 183
Implications for International Relations Theory	p. 184
Introduction	p. 184
Analysis of Italy's and Libya's interests	p. 186
Cost-benefit analysis with reference to migration	p. 192
Power and ideas: The symbolic power of migration	p. 196
Analysis of wider power relations through issue-linkage	p. 198
Broadening the analysis	p. 204
Conclusion	p. 206
Conclusion	p. 209
Notes	p. 215
Bibliography	p. 234
Index	p. 295
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