Modern Database Management

by Hoffer, Jeffrey A.; Prescott, Mary; Topi, Heikki

• ISBN13: 9780132212113
• ISBN10: 0132212110
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

Modern Database Managementis the leading text in the business database market. It's noted for its focus on the latest principles, concepts and technologies and what leading practitioners say is most important for database developers.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxiii
Part I The Context of Database Management
Part I Overview	2	(1)
The Database Environment	3	(82)
Learning Objectives	3	(1)
Data Matters!	3	(1)
Introduction	4	(2)
Basic Concepts and Definitions	6	(4)
Data	6	(1)
Data Versus Information	6	(1)
Metadata	7	(1)
Database Management Systems	8	(1)
Data Models	8	(1)
Entities	9	(1)
Relationships	10	(1)
Relational Databases	10	(1)
Traditional File Processing Systems	10	(1)
File Processing Systems At Pine Valley Furniture Company	11	(2)
Disadvantages of File Processing Systems	11	(1)
Program-Data Dependence	12	(1)
Duplication of Data	12	(1)
Limited Data Sharing	12	(1)
Lengthy Development Times	12	(1)
Excessive Program Maintenance	12	(1)
The Database Approach	13	(1)
Advantages of The Database Approach	14	(2)
Program-Data Independence	14	(1)
Planned Data Redundancy	14	(1)
Improved Data Consistency	14	(1)
Improved Data Sharing	14	(1)
Increased Productivity of Application Development	14	(1)
Enforcement of Standards	15	(1)
Improved Data Quality	15	(1)
Improved Data Accessibility and Responsiveness	15	(1)
Reduced Program Maintenance	15	(1)
Improved Decision Support	16	(1)
Cautions About Database Benefits	16	(34)
Managing the People Involved in Database Development	50	(2)
Three-Schema Architecture for Database Development	52	(4)
Three-Schema Components	52	(1)
Summary of Schemas	52	(1)
Enterprise Data Model	52	(2)
User Views	54	(1)
Conceptual Schema	54	(1)
Logical Schema	54	(1)
Physical Schema	54	(1)
Strategies for Development	54	(2)
Three-Tiered Database Location Architecture	56	(1)
Developing A Database Application For Pine Valley Furnitury Company	57	(13)
Simplified Project Data Model Example	59	(3)
A Current Pine Valley Furniture Company Project Request	62	(1)
Matching User Needs to the Information Systems Architecture	62	(3)
Analyzing Database Requirements	65	(1)
Designing the Database	66	(2)
Using the Database	68	(2)
Administering the Database	70	(1)
Summary	70	(1)
Chapter Review	71	(5)
Key Terms	71	(1)
Review Questions	71	(1)
Problems and Exercises	72	(2)
Field Exercises	74	(1)
References	74	(1)
Further Reading	75	(1)
Web Resources	75	(1)
Case: Mountain View Community Hospital	76	(8)
Part II Data Analysis
Part II Overview	84	(1)
Modeling Data in the Organization	85	(54)
Learning Objectives	85	(1)
Introduction	85	(2)
Modeling the Rules of the Organization	87	(6)
Overview of Business Rules	87	(1)
The Business Rules Paradigm	88	(1)
Scope of Business Rules	88	(1)
Good Business Rules	89	(1)
Gathering Business Rules	89	(1)
Data Names and Definitions	90	(1)
Data Names	90	(1)
Data Definitions	91	(1)
Good Data Definitions	91	(2)
The E-R Model: An Overview	93	(3)
Sample E-R Diagram	93	(2)
E-R Model Notation	95	(1)
Modeling Entities and Attributes	96	(10)
Entities	96	(1)
Entity Type Versus Entity Instance	96	(1)
Entily Type Versus System Input, Output, or User	96	(1)
Strong Versus Weak Entity Types	97	(1)
Naming and Defining Entity Types	98	(2)
Attributes	100	(1)
Required Versus Optional Attributes	100	(1)
Simple Versus Composite Attributes	101	(1)
Single-Valued Versus Multivalued Attributes	102	(1)
Stored Versus Derived Attributes	102	(1)
Identifier Attribute	103	(1)
Naming and Defining Attributes	104	(2)
Modeling Relationships	106	(17)
Basic Concepts and Definitions in Relationships	107	(1)
Attributes on Relationships	107	(1)
Associative Entities	107	(2)
Degree of a Relationship	109	(1)
Unary Relationship	109	(3)
Binary Relationship	112	(1)
Ternary Relationship	112	(1)
Attributes or Entity?	113	(2)
Cardinality Constraints	115	(1)
Minimum Cardinality	115	(1)
Maximum Cardinality	115	(1)
Some Examples	116	(1)
A Ternary Relationship	117	(1)
Modeling Time-Dependent Data	117	(3)
Multiple Relationships	120	(1)
Naming and Defining Relationships	121	(2)
E-R Modeling Example: Pine Valley Furniture Company	123	(2)
Database Processing At Pink Valley Furniture	125	(3)
Showing Product Information	125	(1)
Showing Customer Information	126	(1)
Showing Customer Order Status	126	(1)
Showing Product Sales	127	(1)
Summary	128	(1)
Chapter Review	129	(8)
Key Terms	129	(1)
Review Questions	129	(2)
Problems and Exercises	131	(4)
Field Exercises	135	(1)
References	136	(1)
Further Reading	136	(1)
Web Resources	136	(1)
Case: Mountain View Community Hospital	137	(2)
The Enhanced E-R Model and Business Rules	139	(48)
Learning Objectives	139	(1)
Introduction	139	(1)
Representing Supertypes and Subtypes	140	(7)
Basic Concepts and Notation	141	(2)
An Example	143	(1)
Attribute Inheritance	144	(1)
When to Use Supcrtype/Subtype Relationships	144	(1)
Representing Specialization and Generalization	145	(1)
Generalization	145	(1)
Specialization	146	(1)
Combining Specialization and Generalization	146	(1)
Specifying Constraints in Supertype/Subtype Relationships	147	(6)
Specifying Completeness Constraints	147	(1)
Total Specialization Rule	148	(1)
Partial Specialization Rule	149	(1)
Specifying Disjointness Constraints	149	(1)
Disjoint Rule	150	(1)
Overlap Rule	150	(1)
Defining Subtype Discriminators	150	(1)
Disjoint Subtypes	150	(1)
Overlapping Subtypes	151	(1)
Defining Supertype/Subtype Hierarchies	152	(1)
An Example	152	(1)
Summary of Supertype/Subtype Hierarchies	153	(1)
EER Modling Example: Pine Valley Furniture	153	(4)
Entity Clustering	157	(3)
Packaged Data Models	160	(6)
Business Rules Revisited	166	(8)
Classification of Business Rules	166	(2)
Stating a Structural Assertion	168	(1)
Derived Facts	169	(1)
Stating an Action Assertion	169	(1)
Types of Action Assertions	170	(1)
Representing and Enforcing Business Rules	170	(1)
Sample Business Rules	171	(1)
Identifying and Testing Business Rules	172	(2)
Summary	174	(1)
Chapter Review	175	(6)
Key Terms	175	(1)
Review Questions	175	(1)
Problems and Exercises	176	(3)
Field Exercises	179	(1)
References	179	(1)
Further Reading	180	(1)
Web Resources	180	(1)
Case: Mountain View Community Hospital	181	(5)
Part III Database Design
Part III Overview	186	(1)
Logical Database Design and the Relational Model	187	(53)
Learning Objectives	187	(1)
Introduction	187	(1)
The Relational Data Model	188	(5)
Basic Definitions	188	(1)
Relational Data Structure	189	(1)
Relational Keys	189	(1)
Properties of Relations	190	(1)
Removing Multivalued Attributes from Tables	190	(1)
Example Database	191	(2)
Integrity Constraints	193	(4)
Domain Constraints	193	(1)
Entity Integrity	193	(1)
Referential Integrity	194	(1)
Action Assertions	195	(1)
Creating Relational Tables	195	(1)
Well-Structured Relations	196	(1)
Transforming EER Diagrams into Relations	197	(14)
Step 1: Map Regular Entities	198	(1)
Composite Attributes	198	(1)
Multivalued Attributes	199	(1)
Step 2: Map Weak Entities	200	(1)
Step 3: Map Binary Relationships	201	(1)
Map Binary One-to-Many Relationships	201	(1)
Map Binary Many-to-Many Relationships	202	(1)
Map Binary One-to-One Relationships	202	(1)
Step 4: Map Associative Entities	203	(1)
Identifier Not Assigned	204	(1)
Identifier Assigned	204	(1)
Step 5: Map Unary Relationships	205	(1)
Unary One-to-Many Relationships	205	(1)
Unary Many-to-Many Relationships	206	(1)
Step 6: Map Ternary (and n-ary) Relationships	207	(1)
Step 7: Map Supertype/Subtype Relationships	208	(2)
Summary of EER to Relational Transformations	210	(1)
Introduction to Normalization	211	(3)
Steps in Normalization	211	(1)
Functional Dependencies and Keys	212	(1)
Determinants	213	(1)
Candidate Keys	213	(1)
Normalization Example: Pine Valley Furniture Company	214	(6)
Step 0: Represent the View in Tabular Form	214	(1)
Step 1: Convert to First Normal Form	214	(1)
Remove Repeating Groups	215	(1)
Select the Primary Key	215	(2)
Anomalies in INF	217	(1)
Step 2: Convert to Second Normal Form	217	(1)
Step 3: Convert to Third Normal Form	218	(1)
Removing Transitive Dependencies	218	(2)
Determinants and Normalization	220	(1)
Step 4: Further Normalization	220	(1)
Merging Relations	220	(3)
An Example	221	(1)
View Integration Problems	221	(1)
Synonyms	221	(1)
Homonyms	222	(1)
Transitive Dependencies	222	(1)
Supertype/Subtype Relationships	222	(1)
A Final Step for Defining Relational Keys	223	(2)
Summary	225	(1)
Chapter Review	226	(9)
Key Terms	226	(1)
Review Questions	226	(1)
Problems and Exercises	227	(6)
Field Exercises	233	(1)
References	234	(1)
Further Reading	234	(1)
Web Resources	234	(1)
Case: Mountain View Community Hospital	235	(5)
Physical Database Design and Performance	240	(49)
Learning Objectives	240	(1)
Introduction	240	(1)
Physical Database Design Process	241	(3)
Data Volume and Usage Analysis	242	(2)
Designing Fields	244	(4)
Choosing Data Types	244	(1)
Coding and Compression Techniques	245	(1)
Controlling Data Integrity-A Foundation for Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance	246	(1)
Handling Missing Data	247	(1)
Designing Physical Records and Denormalization	248	(6)
Denormalization	248	(1)
Denormalize with Caution	249	(1)
Opportunities and Types of Denormalization	249	(5)
Designing Physical Files	254	(11)
Pointer	256	(1)
File Organizations	256	(1)
Sequential File Organizations	256	(1)
Indexed File Organizations	256	(6)
Hashed File Organizations	262	(1)
Summary of File Organizations	263	(1)
Clustering Files	263	(2)
Designing Controls for Files	265	(1)
Using and Selecting Indexes	265	(2)
Creating a Unique Key Index	265	(1)
Creating a Secondary (Nonunique) Key Index	266	(1)
When to Use Indexes	266	(1)
RAID: Improving File Access Performance by Parallel Processing	267	(3)
Designing Databases	270	(3)
Optimizing for Query Performance	273	(5)
Parallel Query Processing	273	(1)
Overriding Automatic Query Optimization	274	(1)
Picking Data Block Size	275	(1)
Balancing I/O Across Disk Controllers	275	(1)
Guidelines for Batter Query Design	276	(2)
Summary	278	(1)
Chapter Review	279	(5)
Key Terms	279	(1)
Review Questions	279	(1)
Problems and Exercises	280	(2)
Field Exercises	282	(1)
References	283	(1)
Further Reading	283	(1)
Web Resources	283	(1)
Case: Mountain View Community Hospital	284	(4)
Part IV Implementation
Part IV Overview	288	(1)
Introduction to SQL	289	(44)
Learning Objectives	289	(1)
Introduction	289	(2)
History of the SQL Standard	291	(1)
The Role of SQL in a Database Architecture	292	(1)
The SQL Environment	293	(5)
Defining a Database in SQL	298	(6)
Generating SQL Database Definitions	298	(1)
Creating Tables	299	(3)
Creating Data Integrity Controls	302	(1)
Changing Table Definitions	302	(2)
Removing Tables	304	(1)
Inserting, Updating, and Deleting Data	304	(3)
Batch Input	305	(1)
Deleting Database Contents	306	(1)
Updating Database Contents	306	(1)
Internal Schema Definition in RDBMSs	307	(1)
Creating Indexes	307	(1)
Processing Single Tables	308	(18)
Clauses of the SELECT Statement	309	(1)
Using Expressions	310	(1)
Using Functions	311	(1)
Using Wildcards	312	(1)
Using Comparison Operators	313	(1)
Using Boolean Operators	313	(3)
Using Ranges for Qualification	316	(1)
Using Distinct Values	317	(1)
Using IN and NOT IN with Lists	318	(1)
Sorting Results: The ORDER BY Clause	319	(1)
Categorizing Results: The GROUP BY Clause	320	(1)
Qualifying Results by Categories: The HAVING Clause	321	(1)
Using and Defining Views	322	(4)
Materialized Views	326	(1)
Summary	326	(1)
Chapter Review	327	(5)
Key Terms	327	(1)
Review Questions	327	(1)
Problems and Exercises	328	(2)
Field Exercises	330	(1)
References	330	(1)
Further Reading	331	(1)
Web Resources	331	(1)
Case: Mountain View Community Hospital	332	(1)
Advanced SQL	333	(35)
Learning Objectives	333	(1)
Introduction	333	(1)
Processing Multiple Tables	334	(15)
Equi-Join	335	(1)
Natural Join	336	(1)
Outer Join	337	(2)
Union Join	339	(1)
Sample Multiple Join Involving Four Tables	339	(1)
Subqueries	340	(3)
Correlated Subqueries	343	(2)
Using Derived Tables	345	(1)
Combining Queries	346	(1)
Conditional Expressions	347	(1)
More Complicated SQL Queries	348	(1)
Ensuring Transaction Integrity	349	(1)
Data Dictionary Facilities	350	(2)
SQL:2003 Enhancements and Extensions to SQL	352	(4)
Analytical Functions	352	(2)
New Data Types	354	(1)
Other Enhancements	354	(1)
Programming Extensions	355	(1)
Triggers and Routines	356	(4)
Triggers	357	(1)
Routines	358	(2)
Embedded SQL and Dynamic SQL	360	(2)
Summary	362	(1)
Chapter Review	363	(4)
Key Terms	363	(1)
Review Questions	363	(1)
Problems and Exercises	364	(1)
Field Exercises	364	(1)
References	365	(1)
Further Reading	366	(1)
Web Resources	366	(1)
Case: Mountain View Community Hospital	367	(1)
The Client/Server Database Environment	368	(24)
Learning Objectives	368	(1)
Location, Location, Location!	368	(1)
Introduction	369	(1)
Client/Server Architectures	370	(4)
File Server Architectures	371	(1)
Limitations of File Servers	372	(1)
Database Server Architectures	372	(2)
Three-Tier Architectures	374	(2)
Partitioning an Application	376	(2)
Role of the Mainframe	378	(1)
Using Middleware	379	(3)
Client/Server Issues	382	(1)
Using ODBC to Link External Tables Stored on a Database Server	383	(2)
Using JDBC to Link External Tables Stored on a Database Server	385	(1)
Looking Forward with Client/Server in Mind	386	(1)
Summary	386	(1)
Chapter Review	387	(3)
Key Terms	387	(1)
Review Questions	387	(1)
Problems and Exercises	388	(1)
Field Exercises	388	(1)
References	389	(1)
Further Reading	389	(1)
Web Resources	389	(1)
Case: Mountain View Community Hospital	390	(2)
The Internet Database Environment	392	(28)
Learning Objectives	392	(1)
Introduction	392	(1)
The Internet and Database Connection	393	(1)
The Internet Environment	394	(2)
Common Internet Architecture Components	396	(7)
Internet-Related Languages	396	(1)
XML Overview	397	(2)
Server-Side Extensions	399	(1)
Web Server Interfaces	400	(1)
Web Servers	401	(1)
Client-Side Extensions	402	(1)
Web-to-Database Tools	403	(11)
Web Services	405	(6)
Lack of Mature Standards	411	(1)
Lack of Security	412	(1)
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)	412	(1)
Semantic Web	413	(1)
Internet Technology Rate-of-Change Issues	413	(1)
Summary	414	(1)
Chapter Review	415	(3)
Key Terms	415	(1)
Review Questions	415	(1)
Problems and Exercises	416	(1)
Field Exercises	416	(1)
References	416	(1)
Further Reading	417	(1)
Web Resources	417	(1)
Case: Mountain View Community Hospital	418	(2)
Data Warehousing	420	(63)
Learning Objectives	420	(1)
Introduction	420	(2)
Basic Concepts of Data Warehousing	422	(6)
A Brief History	423	(1)
The Need for Data Warehousing	423	(1)
Need for a Companywide View	423	(3)
Need to Separate Operational and Informational Systems	426	(1)
Data Warehousing Success	426	(2)
Data Warehouse Architectures	428	(9)
Generic Two-Level Architecture	428	(1)
Independent Data Mart Data Warehousing Environment	429	(1)
Dependent Data Mart and Operational Data Store Architecture: A Three-Level Approach	430	(2)
Logical Data Mart and Real-Time Data Warehouse Archilecture	432	(3)
Three-Layer Data Architecture	435	(1)
Role of the Enterprise Data Model	435	(1)
Role of Metadata	436	(1)
Some Characteristics of Data Warehouse Data	437	(4)
Status Versus Event Data	437	(1)
Transient Versus Periodic Data	438	(1)
An Example of Transient and Periodic Data	438	(1)
Transient Data	438	(1)
Periodic Data	439	(1)
Other Data Warehouse Changes	440	(1)
The Reconciled Data Layer	441	(6)
Characteristics of Data after ETL	441	(1)
The ETL Process	442	(1)
Extract	442	(2)
Cleanse	444	(2)
Load and Index	446	(1)
Data Transformation	447	(5)
Data Transformation Functions	448	(1)
Record-Level Functions	448	(1)
Field-Level Functions	449	(2)
More Complex Transformations	451	(1)
Tools to Support Data Reconciliation	451	(1)
Data Quality Tools	451	(1)
Data Conversion Tools	452	(1)
Data Cleansing Tools	452	(1)
Selecting Tools	452	(1)
The Derived Data Layer	452	(13)
Characteristics of Derived Data	452	(1)
The Star Schema	453	(1)
Fact Tables and Dimension Tables	453	(1)
Example Star Schema	454	(1)
Surrogate Key	455	(1)
Grain of Fact Table	456	(1)
Duration of the Database	456	(1)
Size of the Fact Table	457	(1)
Modeling Date and Time	458	(1)
Variations of the Star Schema	458	(1)
Multiple Fact Tables	458	(1)
Factless Fact Tables	459	(1)
Normalizing Dimension Tables	460	(1)
Multivalued Dimensions	461	(1)
Hierarchies	461	(3)
Slowly Changing Dimensions	464	(1)
The User Interface	465	(5)
Role of Metadata	466	(1)
Querying Tools	466	(1)
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) Tools	467	(1)
Slicing a Cube	468	(1)
Drill-Down	468	(1)
Data Mining Tools	469	(1)
Data Mining Techniques	469	(1)
Data Mining Applications	469	(1)
Data Visualization	470	(1)
Summary	470	(1)
Chapter Review	471	(7)
Key Terms	471	(1)
Review Questions	472	(1)
Problems and Exercises	473	(3)
Field Exercises	476	(1)
References	476	(1)
Further Reading	477	(1)
Web Resources	477	(1)
Case: Mountain View Community Hospital	478	(4)
Part V Advanced Database Topics
Part V Overview	482	(1)
Data and Database Administration	483	(61)
Learning Objectives	483	(1)
Introduction	483	(2)
The Roles of Data and Database Administrators	485	(7)
Traditional Data Administration	485	(2)
Traditional Database Administration	487	(1)
Evolving Approaches to Data Administration	488	(1)
Blending Data and Database Administration	488	(2)
Fast-Track Development	490	(1)
New DBA Roles	490	(2)
Summary	492	(1)
The Open-Source Movement	492	(2)
Modeling Enterprise Data	494	(1)
Organizational Roles	494	(1)
Role of an Information Systems Architecture	494	(1)
Managing Data Security	495	(15)
Threats to Data Security	495	(2)
Establishing Client/Server Security	497	(1)
Server Security	497	(1)
Network Security	497	(1)
Client/Server Security Issues for Web-Enabled Databases	498	(1)
Web Security	498	(1)
Web Privacy	499	(1)
Database Software Data Security Features	500	(1)
Views	501	(1)
Integrity Controls	502	(1)
Authorization Rules	503	(2)
User-Defined Procedures	505	(1)
Encryption	505	(1)
Authentication Schemes	506	(1)
Passwords	506	(1)
Strong Authentication	507	(1)
Mediated Authentication	508	(1)
Security Policies and Procedures	508	(1)
Personnel Controls	508	(1)
Physical Access Controls	509	(1)
Maintenance Controls	509	(1)
Data Privacy Controls	509	(1)
Database Backup and Recovery	510	(7)
Basic Recovery Facilities	510	(1)
Back-up Facilities	510	(1)
Journalizing Facilities	511	(1)
Checkpoint Facility	511	(1)
Recovery Manager	512	(1)
Recovery and Restart Procedures	512	(1)
Disk Mirroring	512	(1)
Restore/Rerun	512	(1)
Maintaining Transaction Integrity	512	(2)
Backward Recovery	514	(1)
Forward Recovery	514	(1)
Types of Database Failure	515	(1)
Aborted Transactions	515	(1)
Incorrect Data	516	(1)
System Failure	516	(1)
Database Destruction	517	(1)
Disaster Recovery	517	(1)
Controlling Concurrent Access	517	(6)
The Problem of Lost Updates	518	(1)
Serializability	519	(1)
Locking Mechanisms	519	(1)
Locking Level	520	(1)
Types of Locks	520	(1)
Deadlock	521	(1)
Managing Deadlock	522	(1)
Versioning	522	(1)
Managing Data Quality	523	(4)
The State of Data Quality	524	(1)
External Data Sources	524	(1)
Redundant Data Storage	525	(1)
Lack of Organizational Commitment	525	(1)
Data Quality Improvement	525	(1)
Conduct a Data Quality Audit	525	(1)
Establish a Data Stewardship Program	525	(1)
Apply TQM Principles and Practices	526	(1)
Overcome Organizational Barriers	526	(1)
Apply Modern Data Management Technology	526	(1)
Estimate Return on Investment	526	(1)
Data Dictionaries and Repositories	527	(2)
Data Dictionary	527	(1)
Repositories	528	(1)
Overview of Tuning the Database for Performance	529	(4)
Installation of the DBMS	530	(1)
Memory and Storage Space Usage	530	(1)
Input/Output (I/O) Contention	531	(1)
CPU Usage	531	(1)
Application Tuning	532	(1)
Data Availability	533	(2)
Costs of Downtime	533	(1)
Measures to Ensure Availability	534	(1)
Hardware Failures	534	(1)
Loss or Corruption of Data	534	(1)
Maintenance Downtime	534	(1)
Network-Related Problems	534	(1)
Summary	535	(1)
Chapter Review	535	(7)
Key Terms	535	(1)
Review Questions	536	(1)
Problems and Exercises	537	(2)
Field Exercises	539	(1)
References	540	(1)
Further Reading	540	(1)
Web Resources	541	(1)
Case: Mountain View Community Hospital	542	(2)
Overview: Distributed Databases	544	(4)
Learning Objectives	544	(1)
Overview	544	(3)
Objectives and Trade-Offs	545	(1)
Options for Distributing a Database	545	(1)
Distributed DBMS	546	(1)
Query Optimization	547	(1)
Chapter Review	547	(1)
References	547	(1)
Further Reading	547	(1)
Web Resources	547	(1)
Overview: Object-Oriented Data Modeling	548	(8)
Learning Objectives	548	(1)
Overview	548	(7)
The Unified Modeling Language	549	(1)
Object-Oriented Data Modeling	549	(5)
Representing Aggregation	554	(1)
Chapter Review	555	(1)
References	555	(1)
Further Reading	555	(1)
Web Resources	555	(1)
Overview: Object-Oriented Database Development	556	(6)
Learning Objectives	556	(1)
Overview	556	(5)
Object Definition Language	557	(2)
Creating Object Instances	559	(1)
Object Query Language	560	(1)
Chapter Review	561	(1)
References	561	(1)
Further Reading	561	(1)
Web Resources	561	(1)
Appendix A Data Modeling Tools and Notation	562	(10)
Comparing E-R Modeling Conventions	562	(9)
Visio Professional 2003 Notation	562	(3)
Entities	565	(1)
Relationships	565	(1)
AllFusion ERwin Data Modeler 4.1 SP1 Notation	565	(1)
Entities	565	(1)
Relationships	565	(3)
Sybase Power Designer 11.1 Notation	568	(1)
Entities	569	(1)
Relationships	569	(1)
Oracle Designer Notation	569	(1)
Entities	569	(1)
Relationships	569	(2)
Comparison of Tool Interfaces and E-R Diagrams	571	(1)
Appendix B Advanced Normal Forms	572	(6)
Boyce-Codd Normal Form	572	(2)
Anomalies in STUDENT_ADVISOR	573	(1)
Definition of Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)	573	(1)
Converting a Relation to BCNF	573	(1)
Fourth Normal Form	574	(2)
Multivalued Dependencies	576	(1)
Higher Normal Forms	576	(1)
Appendix Review	577	(1)
Key Terms	577	(1)
References	577	(1)
Web Resources	577	(1)
Appendix C Data Structures	578	(13)
Pointers	578	(1)
Data Structure Building Blocks	579	(2)
Linear Data Structures	581	(5)
Stacks	582	(1)
Queues	583	(1)
Sorted Lists	583	(2)
Multilists	585	(1)
Hazards of Chain Structures	586	(1)
Trees	587	(3)
Balanced Trees	587	(3)
References	590	(1)
Appendix D Object-Relational Databases	591	(6)
Basic Concepts and Definitions	591	(2)
Features of an ORDBMS	592	(1)
Complex Data Types	592	(1)
Enhanced SQL	593	(2)
A Simple Example	594	(1)
Content Addressing	594	(1)
Advantages of the Object-Relational Approach	595	(1)
ORDBMS Vendors and Products	595	(1)
Appendix Review	596	(1)
Key Terms	596	(1)
References	596	(1)
Web Resources	596	(1)
Glossary of Acronyms	597	(3)
Glossary of Terms	600	(9)
Index	609