Modern Physics, 2nd Edition

by Kenneth S. Krane (Oregon State Univ.)

• ISBN13: 9780471828723
• ISBN10: 0471828726
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1995-08-01
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

Bring Modern Physics to Life with a Realistic Software Simulation! Enhance the thorough coverage of Krane's Modern Physics 2e with hands-on, real-world experience! Modern Physics Simulations, developed by the Consortium for Upper-Level Physics Software (CUPS), offers complex, realistic calculations of models of various physical systems. Like all of the CUPS simulations, it is remarkably easy to use, yet sophisticated enough for explorations of new ideas. Important Features Include: * Powerful simulations covering Historic Experiments in Electron Diffraction, Laser Cavities & Dynamics, Classical Scattering, Nuclear Properties & Decays, Special Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, and the Hydrogen Atom & the H2+ Molecule. * Pascal source code for all programs and a number of exercises suggesting specific ways the programs can be modified. * Graphical (often animated) displays in most simulations. The entire CUPS simulation series consists of nine books/software simulations which cover Astrophysics, Electricity and Magnetism, Classical Mechanics, Modern Physics, Quantum Mechanics, Nuclear and Particle Physics, Solid State Physics, Thermal and Statistical Physics, and Waves and Optics.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction	1	(18)
1.1 Review of Classical Physics	3	(4)
1.2 Units and Dimensions	7	(4)
1.3 Significant Figures	11	(2)
1.4 Theory, Experiment, Law	13	(3)
Questions	16	(1)
Problems	17	(2)
2. The Special Theory of Relativity	19	(44)
2.1 Classical Relativity	20	(3)
2.2 The Michelson-Morley Experiment	23	(2)
2.3 Einstein's Postulates	25	(1)
2.4 Consequences of Einstein's Postulates	26	(9)
2.5 The Lorentz Transformation	35	(5)
2.6 The Twin Paradox	40	(2)
2.7 Relativistic Dynamics	42	(9)
2.8 Experimental Tests of Special Relativity	51	(7)
Questions	58	(1)
Problems	59	(4)
3. The Particlelike Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation	63	(36)
3.1 Review of Electromagnetic Waves	64	(6)
3.2 The Photoelectric Effect	70	(7)
3.3 Blackbody Radiation	77	(6)
3.4 The Compton Effect	83	(3)
3.5 Other Photon Processes	86	(4)
3.6 What is a Photon?	90	(4)
Questions	94	(1)
Problems	95	(4)
4. The Wavelike Properties of Particles	99	(38)
4.1 De Broglie's Hypothesis	100	(10)
4.2 Uncertainty Relationships for Classical Waves	110	(4)
4.3 Heisenberg Uncertainty Relationships	114	(7)
4.4 Wave Packets	121	(5)
4.5 Probability and Randomness	126	(1)
4.6 The Probability Amplitude	127	(3)
Questions	130	(2)
Problems	132	(5)
5. The Schrodinger Equation	137	(36)
5.1 Justification of the Schrodinger Equation	138	(2)
5.2 The Schrodinger Recipe	140	(4)
5.3 Probabilities and Normalization	144	(2)
5.4 Applications	146	(9)
5.5 The Simple Harmonic Oscillator	155	(3)
5.6 Time Dependence	158	(1)
5.7 Steps and Barriers	159	(9)
Questions	168	(1)
Problems	169	(4)
6. The Rutherford-Bohr Model of the Atom	173	(34)
6.1 Basic Properties of Atoms	174	(1)
*6.2 The Thomson Model	175	(4)
6.3 The Rutherford Nuclear Atom	179	(6)
6.4 Line Spectra	185	(4)
6.5 The Bohr Model	189	(6)
6.6 The Franck-Hertz Experiment	195	(1)
*6.7 The Correspondence Principle	196	(2)
6.8 Deficiencies of the Bohr Model	198	(2)
Questions	200	(1)
Problems	201	(6)
7. The Hydrogen Atom in Wave Mechanics	207	(28)
7.1 The Schrodinger Equation in Spherical Coordinates	208	(1)
7.2 The Hydrogen Atom Wave Functions	209	(2)
7.3 Radial Probability Densities	211	(3)
7.4 Angular Momentum and Probability Densities	214	(4)
7.5 Intrinsic Spin	218	(6)
7.6 Energy Levels and Spectroscopic Notation	224	(1)
*7.7 The Zeeman Effect	225	(3)
*7.8 Fine Structure	228	(3)
Questions	231	(1)
Problems	232	(3)
8. Many-Electron Atoms	235	(32)
8.1 The Pauli Exclusion Principle	236	(1)
8.2 Electronic States in Many-Electron Atoms	237	(2)
8.3 The Periodic Table	239	(3)
8.4 Properties of the Elements	242	(5)
8.5 X Rays	247	(4)
8.6 Optical Spectra	251	(2)
*8.7 Addition of Angular Momenta	253	(4)
8.8 Lasers	257	(5)
Questions	262	(1)
Problems	263	(4)
9. Molecular Structure	267	(36)
9.1 The Hydrogen Molecule Ion	268	(5)
9.2 The H(2) Molecule and the Covalent Bond	273	(1)
9.3 Other Covalent Bonding Molecules	274	(8)
9.4 Ionic Bonding	282	(5)
9.5 Molecular Vibrations	287	(3)
9.6 Molecular Rotations	290	(3)
9.7 Molecular Spectra	293	(5)
Questions	298	(1)
Problems	298	(5)
10. Statistical Physics	303	(30)
10.1 Statistical Analysis	304	(2)
10.2 Classical versus Quantum Statistics	306	(3)
10.3 The Distribution of Molecular Speeds	309	(6)
10.4 The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution	315	(3)
10.5 Quantum Statistics	318	(2)
10.6 Applications of Bose-Einstein Statistics	320	(6)
10.7 Application of Fermi-Dirac Statistics	326	(3)
Questions	329	(1)
Problems	330	(3)
11. Solid-State Physics	333	(40)
11.1 Ionic Solids	334	(6)
11.2 Covalent Solids	340	(2)
11.3 Other Solid Bonds	342	(2)
11.4 Band Theory of Solids	344	(4)
*11.5 Justification of Band Theory	348	(3)
11.6 Electrons in Metals	351	(5)
11.7 Superconductivity	356	(3)
11.8 Intrinsic and Impurity Semiconductors	359	(3)
11.9 Semiconductor Devices	362	(6)
Questions	368	(1)
Problems	369	(4)
12. Nuclear Structure and Radioactivity	373	(38)
12.1 Nuclear Constituents	374	(2)
12.2 Nuclear Sizes and Shapes	376	(3)
12.3 Nuclear Masses and Binding Energies	379	(3)
12.4 The Nuclear Force	382	(2)
12.5 Radioactive Decay	384	(4)
12.6 Conservation Laws in Radioactive Decay	388	(2)
12.7 Alpha Decay	390	(3)
12.8 Beta Decay	393	(4)
12.9 Gamma Decay	397	(2)
12.10 Natural Radioactivity	399	(4)
*12.11 The Mossbauer Effect	403	(2)
Questions	405	(2)
Problems	407	(4)
13. Nuclear Reactions and Applications	411	(36)
13.1 Types of Nuclear Reactions	412	(5)
13.2 Radioisotope Production in Nuclear Reactions	417	(2)
13.3 Low-Energy Reaction Kinematics	419	(3)
13.4 Fission	422	(6)
13.5 Fusion	428	(7)
13.6 Applications of Nuclear Physics	435	(6)
Questions	441	(2)
Problems	443	(4)
14. Elementary Particles	447	(40)
14.1 The Four Basic Forces	448	(3)
14.2 Particles and Antiparticles	451	(2)
14.3 Families of Particles	453	(2)
14.4 Conservation Laws	455	(5)
14.5 Particle Interactions and Decays	460	(5)
14.6 Energetics of Particle Decays	465	(3)
14.7 Energetics of Particle Reactions	468	(5)
14.8 The Quark Model	473	(5)
14.9 The Standard Model	478	(4)
Questions	482	(1)
Problems	483	(4)
15. Astrophysics and General Relativity	487	(34)
15.1 The Principle of Equivalence	488	(3)
15.2 The General Theory of Relativity	491	(3)
15.3 Tests of General Relativity	494	(3)
15.4 Stellar Evolution	497	(4)
15.5 Nucleosynthesis	501	(5)
15.6 White Dwarf Stars	506	(2)
15.7 Neutron Stars	508	(3)
15.8 Black Holes	511	(5)
Questions	516	(1)
Problems	516	(5)
16. Cosmology: The Origin and Fate of the Universe	521	(32)
16.1 The Expansion of the Universe	522	(4)
16.2 The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation	526	(4)
16.3 Dark Matter	530	(2)
16.4 Cosmology and General Relativity	532	(3)
16.5 The Big Bang Cosmology	535	(4)
16.6 The Formation of Nuclei and Atoms	539	(4)
16.7 Echoes of the Big Bang	543	(2)
16.8 The Future of the Universe	545	(4)
Questions	549	(1)
Problems	550	(3)
Appendix A: Constants and Conversion Factors	553	(2)
Appendix B: Table of Atomic Masses	555	(10)
Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems	565	(4)
Photo Credits	569	(4)
Index	573