Modernity An Introduction to Modern Societies

by Hall, Stuart; Held, David; Hubert, Don; Thompson, Kenneth

• ISBN13: 9781557867162
• ISBN10: 155786716X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1996-01-23
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

Understanding Modern Societies is a new sociology textbook which provides a comprehensive and stimulating introduction to the history, sociology and ideas of modern society. It has been written for students and readers who have no prior knowledge of sociology, and is designed to be used in a variety of social science courses in universities and colleges, The book is divided into three parts, corresponding to the formation, consolidation and prospects of modernity. From the start, four major social processes are identified: the social, the cultural, the political, and the economic. These form the basis of the four chapters in Part 1, and organize the narrative or 'story-line' of the rest of the text. In Part 2, they provide the framework for an analyis of what developed industrial societies look like and how they work. And in Part 3,they provide the basis for identifying the emergent social forces and contradictory processes which are radically re-shaping modern societies today.

Author Biography

Stuart Hall is Professor of Sociology, David Held is Professor of Politics and Sociology, and Kenneth Thompson is Professor of Sociology a the Open University. All have written and published widely on aspects of modernity and the development of modern societies.

Don Hubert is Post-Graduate Researcher at the University of Cambridge.

Table of Contents

List of Contributors	ix
Preface	x
Acknowledgments	xii
Part I Formations of Modernity	1	(228)
Introduction	3	(16)
Stuart Hall
The Enlightenment and the Birth of Social Science	19	(36)
Peter Hamilton
Introduction	20	(4)
What was the Enlightenment?	24	(11)
Enlightenment as the Pursuit of Modernity	35	(9)
Revolution and Reformation	44	(4)
The Birth of Sociology: Saint-Simon and Comte	48	(3)
Conclusion	51	(4)
The Development of the Modern State	55	(35)
David Held
Introduction	56	(2)
A Brief History and Geography of European States	58	(15)
Why did Nation-States Become Supreme?	73	(11)
Conclusion	84	(6)
The Emergence of the Economy	90	(32)
Vivienne Brown
Introduction: The Economic Formation of Modernity	91	(2)
A Modern Economy in the Making?	93	(14)
The Beginnings of Modern Economics	107	(7)
A Modern Economics?	114	(4)
Conclusion: Signposting the Future?	118	(4)
Changing Social Structures: Class and Gender	122	(27)
Harriet Bradley
Introduction	123	(1)
Pre-Industrial Society	124	(9)
Class, Gender, and Industrialization	133	(10)
Industrial Society and the Growth of Feminism	143	(3)
Conclusion	146	(3)
The Cultural Formations of Modern Society	149	(35)
Robert Bocock
Introduction	150	(1)
Defining Culture	151	(3)
Analyzing Culture	154	(9)
Culture and Social Change	163	(8)
The Costs of Civilization	171	(10)
Conclusion	181	(3)
The West and the Rest: Discourse and Power	184	(45)
Stuart Hall
Introduction	185	(4)
Europe Breaks Out	189	(12)
Discourse and Power	201	(4)
Representing ``the Other''	205	(11)
``In the Beginning All the World was America''	216	(5)
From ``the West and the Rest'' to Modern Sociology	221	(3)
Conclusion	224	(5)
Part II Structures and Processes of Modernity	229	(194)
Introduction	231	(8)
Don Hubert
Kenneth Thompson
The State in Advanced Capitalist Societies	239	(41)
Anthony McGrew
Introduction	240	(2)
The Advanced Capitalist State: Diversity and Uniformity	242	(7)
The Formation of the Advanced Captalist State	249	(12)
Putting the Advanced Capitalist State in Perspective	261	(11)
Putting the Advanced Capitalist State in its Place	272	(3)
The ACS: A Review	275	(5)
Fordism and Modern Industry	280	(27)
John Allen
Introduction	281	(1)
Ford, Fordism, and Modern Industry	282	(15)
Progress and Modern Industry	297	(7)
Conclusion: Globalization and Industry	304	(3)
Divisions of Labor	307	(36)
Peter Braham
Introduction	308	(1)
From a Manufacturing to a Service Economy?	309	(3)
Labor Market Segmentation	312	(5)
Gender and Labor Market Segmentation	317	(4)
Migrant Workers and Divisions of Labor	321	(6)
A New International Division of Labor?	327	(5)
The Division of Labor and Flexible Specialization	332	(5)
Conclusion	337	(6)
Women and the Domestic Sphere	343	(20)
Helen Crowley
Introduction	344	(4)
Women and the Family: Some Theoretical Issues	348	(12)
Conclusion	360	(3)
The Body and Sexuality	363	(32)
Jeffrey Weeks
What do we Mean when we Talk about the Body and Sexuality?	364	(8)
Sexuality and Sexual Norms	372	(3)
Sexuality and Power	375	(5)
Sexual Identities	380	(8)
Sexuality and Politics	388	(7)
Religion, Values, and Ideology	395	(28)
Kenneth Thompson
Introduction	396	(2)
Enlightenment: The Dilemmas of Modernity	398	(5)
Secularization and Community	403	(4)
Foucault: Integration through Discourses	407	(3)
Gramsci: The Struggle for Ideological Hegemony	410	(2)
Ideological Community	412	(8)
Conclusion	420	(3)
Part III Modernity and its Futures	423	(241)
Introduction	425	(11)
Stuart Hall
David Held
Gregor McLennan
The 1989 Revolutions and the Triumph of Liberalism	436	(30)
David Held
Introduction	437	(5)
The Triumph of Liberalism?	442	(5)
The Necessity of Marxism?	447	(5)
From Modernity to Post-Modernity?	452	(5)
The Story So Far, and the Question of the Political Good	457	(2)
Democracy: Between State and Civil Society?	459	(4)
Conclusion	463	(3)
A Global Society?	466	(38)
Anthony McGrew
Introduction	467	(2)
Modernity and Globalization	469	(4)
Mapping the Dimensions of Globalization	473	(7)
A Global Society?	480	(8)
Globalization and the Future Political Community	488	(9)
Globalization and a Universal Sociology	497	(7)
Environmental Challenges	504	(29)
Steven Yearley
Introduction	505	(2)
Ecological Threats to Modern Society: An Overview	507	(7)
Developing a Green Political Ideology	514	(9)
Growth, Capitalism, and Green Consumerism	523	(6)
Conclusion: Environmental Challenges and the Enlightenment	529	(4)
Post-Industrialism/Post-Fordism	533	(31)
John Allen
Introduction: The Economy in Transition	534	(2)
From Industrialism to Post-Industrialism and Beyond	536	(10)
From Fordism to Post-Fordism	546	(9)
Assessing Economic Transitions	555	(5)
Conclusion: Beyond the Modern Economy?	560	(4)
Social Pluralism and Post-Modernity	564	(31)
Kenneth Thompson
Introduction	565	(4)
Post-Modernism	569	(3)
Post-Modernism as the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism	572	(6)
Rejections of Post-Modernism	578	(2)
Reconstructions in Post-Modernity or New Times	580	(3)
Post-Modernity: Consumption and Appearances	583	(3)
New Connections of Constructive Post-Modernism	586	(5)
Conclusion	591	(4)
The Question of Cultural Identiy	595	(40)
Stuart Hall
Introduction: Identity in Question	596	(5)
The Birth and Death of the Modern Subject	601	(10)
National Cultures as ``Imagined Communities''	611	(7)
Globalization	618	(5)
The Global, the Local, and the Return of Ethnicity	623	(6)
Fundamentalism, Diaspora, and Hybridity	629	(6)
The Enlightenment Project Revisited	635	(29)
Gregor McLennan
Introduction: The Post-Modern Condition	636	(2)
A Debate: Post-Modernity versus Enlightenment	638	(1)
Lyotard: Abandoning the Metanarratives of Modernity	639	(3)
Habermas: Defending Modernity and Enlightenment	642	(2)
A Problem with Post-Modernism: Its Relativism	644	(4)
A Problem with Enlightenment: Its Hubris	648	(3)
Post-Modernity as ``Reflexivity''	651	(3)
Overview	654	(7)
Conclusion	661	(3)
Index	664