Morality and Moral Controversies

by Arthur, John

• ISBN13: 9780130341556
• ISBN10: 013034155X
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Summary

For courses in Ethics, Applied Ethics, Social and Political Ethics, and Ethics and Moral Issues. Comprehensive anthology includes classic and contemporary readings in moral theory with wide array of essays that address today's most philosophically interesting and controversial ethical and political issues. Includes ethical theory overview; shows relevance of traditional and contemporary writers.

Table of Contents

Preface to the Sixth Edition	xi
PART I MORAL THEORY
Classical Theories of Morality	1	(34)
Nichomachean Ethics	1	(7)
Aristotle
Leviathan	8	(8)
Thomas Hobbes
The Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals	16	(10)
Immanuel Kant
Utilitarianism	26	(9)
John Stuart Mill
Contemporary Perspectives	35	(25)
Intuitionism	35	(5)
W.D. Ross
Kant and Utilitarianism Contrasted	40	(5)
Onora O'Neill
Is Patriotism a Virtue?	45	(8)
Alasdair MacIntyre
Feminist Transformations of Moral Theory	53	(7)
Virginia Held
The Sources and Grounds of Morality	60	(43)
Morality, Religion, and Conscience	60	(9)
John Arthur
The Source of Moral Ideas: Society, Custom, and Sympathy	69	(2)
Edward Westermark
Morality Is Based on Sentiment	71	(6)
David Hume
Trying Out One's New Sword	77	(4)
Mary Midgley
Relativism in Ethics	81	(4)
William H. Shaw
Ethics	85	(3)
Thomas Nagel
The Arc of the Moral Universe	88	(15)
Joshua Cohen
PART II ISSUES OF LIFE AND DEATH
Violence, Terrorism, and War	103	(19)
Do Guns Mean Crime?	103	(3)
The Economist
Terrorism	106	(5)
R.G. Frey
Christopher W. Morris
On the Morality of War	111	(11)
Richard Wasserstrom
Capital Punishment	122	(32)
The Death Penalty	122	(7)
Gregg v. Georgia
Desert and Capital Punishment	129	(9)
Martin Perlmutter
The Ultimate Punishment	138	(5)
Ernest van den Haag
Justice, Civilization, and the Death Penalty	143	(6)
Jeffrey H. Reiman
Refuting Reiman	149	(5)
Ernest van den Haag
Animals and the Natural Environment	154	(36)
All Animals Are Equal	154	(10)
Peter Singer
Speciesism and the Idea of Equality	164	(7)
Bonnie Steinbock
People or Penguins	171	(5)
William F. Baxter
The Land Ethic	176	(14)
J. Baird Callicott
Abortion	190	(46)
The Constitutional Right to Abortion	190	(5)
Roe v. Wade
A Defense of Abortion	195	(9)
Judith Jarvis Thomson
On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion	204	(7)
Mary Ann Warren
Abortion and the Concept of a Person	211	(7)
Jane English
An Argument That Abortion Is Wrong	218	(10)
Dan Marquis
Fathers and Fetuses	228	(8)
George W. Harris
Euthanasia and Eugenics	236	(33)
Removing Life-Support Systems	236	(7)
Cruzan v. Director
Comparing Human Lives: The Archbishop and the Chambermaid	243	(1)
William Godwin
An Alternative to the Ethic of Euthanasia	244	(5)
Arthur J. Dyck
Active and Passive Euthanasia	249	(4)
James Rachels
Defective Newborns and the Morality of Termination	253	(7)
Richard B. Brandt
Playing God: Genes, Clones, and Luck	260	(9)
Ronald Dworkin
PART III POLITICAL AND SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Justice and Economic Distribution	269	(64)
The Second Treatise of Government	270	(6)
John Locke
Of Justice	276	(3)
David Hume
The Communist Manifesto	279	(9)
Karl Marx
Fredrich Engels
A Theory of Justice	288	(11)
John Rawls
The Entitlement Theory	299	(9)
Robert Nozick
Rich and Poor	308	(7)
Peter Singer
What People Deserve	315	(7)
James Rachels
Markets and Hard Work	322	(11)
Michael Walzer
Civil Disobedience and the Rule of Law	333	(35)
Crito	333	(5)
Plato
Taking Rights Seriously	338	(7)
Ronald Dworkin
Civil Disobedience and the Social Contract	345	(10)
John Rawls
On Not Prosecuting Civil Disobedience	355	(7)
Ronald Dworking
The Problem of the Grudge Informer	362	(6)
Lon L. Fuller
Liberty and Freedom	368	(49)
On Liberty	368	(9)
John Stuart Mill
Requiring Medical Treatment	377	(3)
JFK Memorial Hospital v. Heston
The Ethics of Addiction: An Argument in Favor of Letting Americans Take Any Drug They Want	380	(8)
Thomas Szasz
The Ethics of Smoking	388	(11)
Robert E. Goodin
Addiction and Drug Policy	399	(6)
Daniel Shapiro
Freedom, Conditioning, and the Real Woman	405	(12)
Janet Radcliffe Richards
Free Speech	417	(40)
Of the Liberty of Thought and Discussion	417	(4)
John Stuart Mill
Flag Burning as Constitutionally Protected	421	(3)
Texas v. Johnson
Nazi Marches	424	(4)
Village of Skokie v. National Socialist Party
Prohibiting Racist Speech on Campus: A Debate	428	(6)
Charles Lawrence
Gerald Gunther
Political Correctness, Speech Codes, and Diversity	434	(2)
Alan M. Dershowitz
Pornography, Oppression, and Freedom A Closer Look	436	(6)
Helen E. Longino
Feminism, Pornography, and Censorship	442	(6)
Mark R. Wicclair
Pornography	448	(2)
American Booksellers v. Hudnut
Internet Censorship: A Debate	450	(7)
Jay A. Sekulow
Jerry Berman
Equality and Difference	457	(53)
The Subjection of Women	457	(8)
John Stuart Mill
Harriet Taylor
Sexual Harassment	465	(5)
Ellison v. Brady
Sex Equality and Discrimination: Difference vs. Dominance	470	(5)
Will Kymlicka
Feminists, Meet Mr. Darwin	475	(11)
Robert Wright
On Racism and Sexism: Realities and Ideals	486	(12)
Richard A. Wasserstrom
Social Movements and the Politics of Difference	498	(12)
Iris Marion Young
Affirmative Action and Reparations	510	(43)
Affirmative Action in Universities	510	(5)
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
The Rights of Alan Bakke	515	(8)
Ronald Dworkin
Affirmative Racism	523	(8)
Charles Murray
Reverse Discrimination	531	(3)
James Rachels
Racism and Reparations	534	(19)
John Arthur
PART IV PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Love, Sex, and Friendship	553	(50)
Duties Toward the Body in Respect to Sexual Impulse	554	(4)
Immanuel Kant
What's Wrong With Homosexuality?	558	(3)
John Finnis
Plain Sex	561	(9)
Alan H. Goldman
Gay Basics: Some Questions, Facts, and Values	570	(10)
Richard D. Mohr
Date Rape: A Feminist Analysis	580	(8)
Lois Pineau
An Interview About Date Rape	588	(4)
Camille Paglia
The Saturated Self: Personal Relationships in the Information Age	592	(11)
Kenneth Gergen
Marriage and the Family	603	(51)
Is Adultery Immoral?	603	(8)
Richard A. Wasserstrom
Polygamy Is Good Feminism	611	(1)
Elizabeth Joseph
Same-Sex Marriage: A Debate	612	(4)
William Bennett
Andrew Sullivan
Surrogate Motherhood as Prenatal Adoption	616	(9)
Bonnie Steinbock
Selling Babies	625	(5)
Richard A. Posner
No-Fault Family Law and the Unencumbered Self	630	(7)
Michael J. Sandel
Licensing Parents	637	(8)
Hugh LaFollette
Who Controls a Child's Education?	645	(4)
Wisconsin v. Yoder
What Do Grown Children Owe Their Parents?	649	(5)
Jane English
Postscript to Instructors	654